Profilin is generally thought to regulate actin polymerization, but the observation that acidic phospholipids dissociate the complex of profilin and actin raised the possibility that profilin might also regulate lipid metabolism. Profilin isolated from platelets binds with high affinity to small clusters of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecules in micelles and also in bilayers with other phospholipids. The molar ratio of the complex of profilin with PIP2 is 1:7 in micelles of pure PIP2 and 1:5 in bilayers composed largely of other phospholipids. Profilin competes efficiently with platelet cytosolic phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C for interaction with the PIP2 substrate and thereby inhibits PIP2 hydrolysis by this enzyme. The cellular concentrations and binding characteristics of these molecules are consistent with profilin being a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway in addition to its established function as an inhibitor of actin polymerization. 相似文献
The effects of inbreeding in livestock species breeds have been well documented and they have a negative impact on profitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of inbreeding in Sarda (SAR, n = 785) and Valle del Belice (VdB, n = 473) dairy sheep breeds and their impact on milk production traits. Two inbreeding coefficients (F) were estimated: using pedigree (FPED), or runs of homozygosity (ROH; FROH) at different minimum ROH lengths and different ROH classes. After the quality control, 38,779 single nucleotide polymorphisms remained for further analyses. A mixed-linear model was used to evaluate the impact of inbreeding coefficients on production traits within each breed. VdB showed higher inbreeding coefficients compared to SAR, with both breeds showing lower estimates as the minimum ROH length increased. Significant inbreeding depression was found only for milk yield, with a loss of around 7 g/day (for SAR) and 9 g/day (VdB) for a 1% increase of FROH. The present study confirms how the use of genomic information can be used to manage intra-breed diversity and to calculate the effects of inbreeding on phenotypic traits. 相似文献
1.?The diets of commercial strains of laying partridge are usually lower in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3 fatty acids than the diets of wild partridges. The aim of this experiment was to examine the effects of three different PUFA and n-3 concentrations in partridge laying diets.
2.?Offspring learning ability (passive avoidance test of 1-d-old chicks) was used to assess the effect of three different maternal diets (144 chicks were tested for each diet). A negative experience, allowing the bird to peck a bead bathed in a bitter liquid (methyl anthranilate—MA), was used for this purpose. The adults had been fed one of three different diets with n-3 contents of 0·48, 4·04 or 7·60 g/kg.
3.?There was better memory retention in the offspring of adults fed the intermediate n-3 content compared to those fed the lower content. Discrimination ratio (DR) of the latency time toward the wrong (red) bead was less for the lower n-3 content (0·48) than for the middle n-3 PUFA content (0·43). DR of the number of pecks toward the wrong beads was greater for the lower n-3 content (0·51) than for the middle n-3 PUFA content (0·71).
4.?The partridges fed the diet containing the lowest concentration of n-3 and PUFA were unable to express the expected behavioural score (neural embryo development index) given the genetic characteristics of the animals. 相似文献
Selective breeding has led to modifications in the genome of many livestock breeds. In this study, we identified the genomic regions that may explain some of the phenotypic differences between two closely related breeds from Sardinia. A total of 44 animals, 20 Sardinian Ancestral Black (SAB) and 24 Sardinian White (SW), were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine 50K array. A total of 68, 38 and 15 significant markers were identified using the case–control genome‐wide association study (GWAS), the Bayesian population differentiation analysis (FST) and the Rsb metric, respectively. Comparisons among the approaches revealed a total of 22 overlapping markers between GWAS and FST and one marker between GWAS and Rsb. Three markers detected by Rsb were also located near (<2 Mb) to highly significant regions identified by GWAS and FST analyses. Moreover, one candidate marker identified by GWAS and FST approaches was located in a run of homozygosity island that was shared by both breeds. We identified several genes involved in many phenotypic differences (such as stature and growth, reproduction, ear size, coat colour, behaviour) between the two analysed breeds. This study shows that combining several genome‐wide approaches could improve discovery of regions involved in the variability of breeding traits and responsible for the phenotypic diversity even between closely related breeds. Overall, the combination of such genome‐wide methods can be extended to other livestock breeds that share between them a similar genetic background, to understand the process that shapes the patterns of genetic variability between closely related populations. 相似文献