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ABSTRACT1. This study aimed to quantify the effect of fat type (including unsaturated to saturated ratio (U:S)) and increasing doses of lysolecithin-based products on nutrient availability and growth performance in broiler chickens.2. A total of 33 separate experimental reports were collated according to predetermined selection criteria to provide 16 performance trials with ‘on top’ application, and 17 performance trials using reformulated diets, where the contribution of the lysolecithin was taken into account. Data on average daily gain (ADG) and body weight corrected FCR (FCRc) were analysed using the REML method with trial as a random effect.3. Across the constituent trials, average added dietary fat and oil inclusion was 4.42% (min 1.15%, max 7.00%), with varied U:S ratio (min 0.94, avg 2.50, max 7.65), reflecting diverse fat sources. Overall, neither bird growth performance nor response to lysolecithin supplementation were significantly affected by the U:S ratio of the diets.4. In performance trials where lysolecithin was added ‘on top’ of existing formulations, FCRc was significantly reduced by lysolecithin at 250 g/t inclusion compared to the control, with 125 g/t returning an intermediate value. In reformulated trials, FCRc was not significantly affected, suggesting lysolecithin supplementation at 125 and 250 g/t could recover average dietary energy reductions of 57.88 and 73.11 kcal/kg feed, respectively.5. In conclusion, this study showed that the addition of lysolecithin at levels of 125 g/t and above to broiler diets consistently improved feed efficiency across a range of basal dietary ingredients and fat sources. 相似文献
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Javier Babí Almenar Benedetto Rugani Davide Geneletti Tim Brewer 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(12):2047-2059
Context
The study of ecosystem services has extended its influence into spatial planning and landscape ecology, the integration of which can offer an opportunity to enhance the saliency, credibility, and legitimacy of landscape ecology in spatial planning issues.Objectives
This paper presents a conceptual framework suitable for spatial planning in human dominated environments supported by landscape ecological thinking. It seeks to facilitate the integration of ecosystem services into current practice, including landscape metrics as suitable indicators.Methods
A literature review supported the revision of existing open questions pertaining to ecosystem services as well as their integration into landscape ecology and spatial planning. A posterior reflection of the current state-of-the-art was then used as a basis for developing the spatial planning conceptual framework.Results and conclusion
The framework is articulated around four phases (characterisation, assessment, design, and monitoring) and three concepts (character, service, and value). It advocates integration of public participation, consideration of “landscape services”, the inclusion of ecosystem disservices, and the use of landscape metrics for qualitative assessment of services. As a result, the framework looks to enhance spatial planning practice by providing: (i) a better consideration of landscape configuration in the supply of services (ii) the integration of anthropogenic services with ecosystem services; (iii) the consideration of costs derived from ecosystems (e.g. disservices); and (iv) an aid to the understanding of ecosystem services terminology for spatial planning professionals and decision makers.3.
Relationships involving several types of extractives of five native argentine wood species of genera Prosopis and Acacia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Benedetto Pizzo Carolina L. PomettiJean-Paul Charpentier Nathalie BoizotBeatriz O. Saidman 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):851-859
The relationships existing among the values obtained when extracting the wood of four Argentinean species of Prosopis (P. alba, P. kuntzei, P. nigra, and P. ruscifolia) and one of the Acacia (A. aroma) by several procedures were evaluated and discussed. The used methods were: extraction in toluene/ethanol and hot water; determination of tannic and non-tannic content; measurement of phenolic compounds. Additionally, liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also used in order to quantitatively evaluate the content of (−)-mesquitol, a relatively unusual flavonoid (flavanol type). The total amount of Oxidation Products was also measured. They result from oxidation and polymerization processes of phenolic compounds occurring during heartwood formation, and were not separated during chromatographic analysis. Data evidenced a linear trend (R2 = 0.970) between organic and tannic extractives of all species, and a similar one (R2 = 0.927) between total phenols and tannic (or organic) extractives in the case of heartwood of Prosopis species. Interestingly, for sapwood very different values of organic extracts, tannic content or Oxidation Products type compounds were measured in spite of a similar amount of phenolic substances. Moreover, the various species presented the same peaks in chromatograms, thus evidencing the chemical similarity of compounds but a different quantity between heartwood and sapwood and also among the various species. The observed similarity implied that the various methods of extraction did not really extract only a single class of substances, and that great care must be adopted when using some specific procedures for extractions.Furthermore, the existing relationships between extractives and selected technological properties, namely specific volumetric shrinkage coefficient (BSvol) and natural durability (evaluated in terms of mass loss after fungal attacks in laboratory conditions), were given. It appeared that in heartwood BSvol was well correlated to organic extractives (R2 = 0.984), thus evidencing the microimpregnation of cell walls by extractives, but the fitting quality of the correlation was dependent on the type of extractives used. Analogously, a good relationship between mass loss and phenolic compounds existed (R2 = 0.764), and in this case the value of R2 was even more dependent on the considered extracts. Moreover, the availability of quantitative data on several Prosopis species allowed to consistently evaluate the bioactivity of (−)-mesquitol on the resistance against fungal attack, and the logarithmic form of the relationship between mass loss and (−)-mesquitol content suggested a direct fungicidal activity of this compound. On the other hand, data also evidenced that neither phenolic compounds nor (−)-mesquitol can be considered as the unique and definite factor able to determine the durability of the considered species. 相似文献
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A. H. Di Benedetto D. H. Cogliatti 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):689-698
The effect of different light intensities and light qualities were studied on Aglaonema commutatum plants grown in controlled environments. Three light intensities—2.7, 5.4 and 20.0 junolm-2s-1 provided by two light sources (fluorescent and blended-light lamps) were tested on two plant materials of different size. When plants completed their adaptation to low light intensities (2.7 and 5.4 umol m“2s_1) readaptation to high irradiances (20.0 (xmol m-2s_1) was studied. Ten to twelve months were required for a leaf initiated in each light treatment to become fully expanded. The adaptation of this species to low light was far slower than other sun- or shade-plants. Plants grown at 2.7 |xmol m-2s~‘ expanded smaller and thinner leaves, with lower length: width ratio. These responses were affected by the size of the primordia at the beginning of the light treatments. Light quality affected these too but the responses were weak and lacked a defined pattern. The readaptation to high light intensity of plants adapted to 2.7 or 5.4 (xmol m_2s_1 required 6-8 months, after that leaves showed the same sizes and shapes as controls in high irradiance. 相似文献
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G. A. Papadopoulos T. Poutahidis S. Chalvatzi M. Di Benedetto A. Hardas V. Tsiouris 《British poultry science》2018,59(2):232-239
1. The study aimed to investigate the effect of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosa characteristics of broilers.
2. A total of 800 one-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 10 replicates of 20 broilers each. Broilers were fed with 4 different diets: (i) HE: positive control group broilers received a diet with unaltered energy; (ii) LE: negative control group broilers received a diet with lower energy of about 0.27 MJ/kg; (iii) LElys500: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 500 g/tn lysolecithin product (Lysoforte Booster DryTM); and (iv) LElys300: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 300 g/tn lysolecithin product. The experimental period was 42 d.
3. Body weight gain in treatments HE was higher than LE during the overall experimental period, while LElys500 and LElys300 had intermediate values. Feed conversion ratio was lower in HE and LElys500 than LE group, while the LElys300 had intermediate values. Fat digestibility was improved in both LElys 500 and LElys300 compared to the HE group. Apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) was higher in HE, LElys500 and LElys300 than LE. Ileum viscosity at 42 d was also affected, being higher in LE group compared to HE. At 28 d mucosal thickness was lower both in LElys500 and LElys300 compared to HE and LE, while no difference occurred between treatment proliferation patterns of duodenal epithelial cells.
4. These findings indicated that lysolecithin supplementation at 500 g/tn of feed in low-energy diets maintained broiler performance. Supplementation of reformulated low-energy diets induced an increase in digesta viscosity. Lysolecithin supplementation resulted in variable alterations in the duodenum mucosal morphology. 相似文献
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Identification and characterization of Trichoderma species aggressive to Pleurotus in Italy 
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下载免费PDF全文 Woo S L Di Benedetto P Senatore M Abadi K Gigante S Soriente I Ferraioli S Scala F Lorito M 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):469-470
In the late 1980‘ s the development of a severe epidemic of green mold caused by Trichoderma spp.was noted in the commercial production of Agaricus bisporus (champignon) in the United Kingdom,North America, Spain and Holland, which caused extensive economic losses. The parasitic fungi 相似文献
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The aim of this review is to clarify the relation between Italian aquaculture and the introduction on alien species in Italy. In Italy, the most common aquatic alien species are rainbow trout and Manila clam, and they represent main economic product of Italian aquaculture. Wels catfish and red clawed crayfish have been voluntarily or involuntarily introduced for aquaculture scope, and they are now the most invasive alien aquatic species. Other alien naturalized species, as some salmonid species, are important economic resources in north Italy for inland professional fishery and are considered worthwhile of conservation. Thus, aquaculture is directly or indirectly responsible of the introduction of several alien species in Italy, but its effect on alien species diffusion is peculiar, as few successfully farmed species have become rapidly common. Until now, conventional aquaculture has played main role in the diffusion of alien species in Italy, while ornamental aquaculture will be the main source of alien introductions in the future. 相似文献
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Cristiano Di Benedetto Alice Barbaglio Tiziana Martinello Valentina Alongi Dario Fassini Emanuele Cullorà Marco Patruno Francesco Bonasoro Mario Adolfo Barbosa Maria Daniela Candia Carnevali Michela Sugni 《Marine drugs》2014,12(9):4912-4933
Collagen has become a key-molecule in cell culture studies and in the tissue engineering field. Industrially, the principal sources of collagen are calf skin and bones which, however, could be associated to risks of serious disease transmission. In fact, collagen derived from alternative and riskless sources is required, and marine organisms are among the safest and recently exploited ones. Sea urchins possess a circular area of soft tissue surrounding the mouth, the peristomial membrane (PM), mainly composed by mammalian-like collagen. The PM of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus therefore represents a potential unexploited collagen source, easily obtainable as a food industry waste product. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to extract native collagen fibrils from the PM and produce suitable substrates for in vitro system. The obtained matrices appear as a homogeneous fibrillar network (mean fibril diameter 30–400 nm and mesh < 2 μm) and display remarkable mechanical properties in term of stiffness (146 ± 48 MPa) and viscosity (60.98 ± 52.07 GPa·s). In vitro tests with horse pbMSC show a good biocompatibility in terms of overall cell growth. The obtained results indicate that the sea urchin P. lividus can be a valuable low-cost collagen source for mechanically resistant biomedical devices. 相似文献
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