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1.
There has been rapid development in the marine foodfishlarviculture technology in Europe since the early eighties,especially in the flat fish, turbot and halibut, and the bass andbream species. The most significant improvements in the eightieswere the introduction of light control, artificial reproductiontechniques, appropriate water treatment and the use of rotifersand Artemia nauplii of specific sizes and in the late eightiesand early nineties the quality enhancement of live food organismsusing specific enrichment techniques. Present research is focusedon the implementation of several microbial techniques to improvethe hygiene of live prey and fish.Many of the modern larviculture techniques being used in marine foodfish could be adapted for application in the ornamental fish industry. For examples, research in the Onamental Fish Section, Primary Production Department, Singapore has demonstrated that the use of freshwater rotifers and Artemia nauplii would enable artificial rearing of Discus in the absence of the parent fish and improve the larval performance of Gouramis and Tetra larvae. The use of such small live food organisms is likely to facilitate breeding of new fish species with small larvae. Research has also indicated that the use of diets containing vitamin C and certain immuno-stimulants improved the stress resistance of guppy. Such techniques would have important application in the fish transport, an important aspect in the ornamental fish industry  相似文献   
2.
A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.  相似文献   
3.
Use of ongrownArtemia in nursery culturing of the tiger shrimp   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Juvenile and adultArtemia produced in a semi flow-through culture system were used as food for postlarval shrimp. The growth performance of shrimp reared on such ongrownArtemia live prey is identical to the growth obtained when feeding newly hatchedArtemia. However, a significantly better stress resistance is obtained when the postlarvae are exposed to a low salinity in a stress test. Besides nutritional and energetic advantages, the use ofArtemia biomass for feeding postlarval shrimp also results in improved economics as expenses for cysts and weaning diets can be reduced.  相似文献   
4.
Current ornamental fish packaging systems are characterized by very high fish loading densities and high metabolic wastes in the transport water after shipment. They focus mainly on management of the quality of transport water. Recent studies using the guppy as a model fish showed that post‐shipment mortality could be reduced through enhancement of the stress resistance of the fish, and hence emphases should also be placed on the preparation of the fish for transport and recovery of the fish after shipment. Farmers can contribute significantly by applying nutritional prophylaxis before harvesting. Exporters may use the salinity stress test to identify fish lots of good quality for transport, apply health prophylaxis to eradicate parasites and optimize other techniques such as starvation of the fish or addition of salt to the transport water to enhance the stress resistance of the fish. Importers may adopt proper acclimation procedure and allow fish to recover in low salinity water to reduce post‐shipment mortality. As the main bulk of post‐shipment mortality is stress‐mediated and occurs during the 1‐week recovery period, the industry should consider revising the basis of the current warranty system for their customers, from death on arrival to cumulative mortality at 7 days post shipment (or death after 7 days, DA7), in order to cut down fish losses after shipment.  相似文献   
5.
The dynamics of resting egg production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis originating from a wild population in the Tanggu Saltworks (P.R. China) was investigated. In the natural environment as well as in semi-controlled rearing conditions an increased resting egg production was noticed with declining food availability. Processed resting eggs had a hatching efficiency of 3 x 10 6 rotifers per gramme irrespective of their origin. Hatching started 22 h after the initiation of incubation and was completed after 36 h. Rotifers obtained from resting eggs could be further cultured on Culture Selco® and enriched with Super Selco®. The fatty acid profile of these rotifers were not divergent from reference rotifers (originating from the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Centre) demonstrating that this strain was not catabolizing essential fatty acids and could be used for enrichment purposes. Storage of resting eggs at 4°C resulted in a 50% lower hatching after 1 year but remained stable during the next 2 years. The resting eggs used for storage could easily be disinfected without affecting their hatching characteristics. These results indicate that this material could be used as inocula for mass cultures of live food for commercial hatcheries.  相似文献   
6.
Abstract A dense nitrifying culture (ABIL) has been examined for its capacity to stimulate rotifer growth in a labscale culture system. The nitrifiers were applied in different ways. When ABIL was added directly to rotifer batch cultures, it gave rise to significantly higher population densities (factor 1.5–2.5 higher, P  < 0.05). The nitrifiers were subsequently examined for their capacity to enhance the start-up of bioreactors, commonly installed in aquaculture rearing tanks. Of the different carrier materials used in these bioreactors, i.e. CaCO3, gravel and a PVC matrix (Bionet), CaCO3 gave by far the best results. In a third set of experiments, effectively nitrifying bioreactor systems were connected to rotifer culture tanks and operated over a period of up to 10 days. It was demonstrated that the ABIL inoculated CaCO3-based bioreactor allowed excellent rotifer growth reaching rotifer densities up to 5500 rotifers per mL. Moreover, a new system in which the ABIL culture was recirculated through hollow fibres was developed and demonstrated to be effective for supporting rotifer growth up to 3500 rotifers per mL. Overall, the use of the dense nitrifying culture either in seed batch cultures, conventional bioreactors or hollow fibre bioreactor systems in support of rotifer cultures was demonstrated to be effective for improving the water quality and the rotifer growth.  相似文献   
7.
Two series of feeding experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of using decapsulated Artemia cysts for direct feeding to ornamental fish. The first series evaluated the dietary values of the dried and the brine decapsulated Artemia cysts against two conventional live feeds, Artemia nauplii and Moina for adults and fry of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters. In the second series, brine cysts were used for feeding to fry of four other important ornamental fish species, viz. platy, Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther), swordtail, X. helleri (Heckel), molly, P. sphenops Cuvier & Valenciennes and black neon tetra, Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Géry, and the results were compared with those fed Moina. Evaluation of the performance of the fish fed the various diets was based on stress resistance, growth and survival of the fish. Our findings indicated that decapsulated cysts could be used as a substitute for Artemia nauplii or Moina in freshwater ornamental fish culture. Apart from being a hygienic off‐the‐shelf feed, the direct use of the cysts also signifies a new area of application for low‐hatch cysts in the ornamental fish industry, with concomitant saving in feed costs.  相似文献   
8.
The possible benefits of feeding a formulated diet, together with Artemia , to first-feeding turbot larvae were investigated. Five dietary regimes were used: control ( Artemia only), cofeeding with a diet rich in phospholipid (PL) from bovine brain, cofeeding with a diet rich in free fatty acids (FFA) from the same source, cofeeding with a commercial diet (Lansy A2), and a formulated feed only (PL-rich diet). All treatments with artificial diets and the control treatment that received Artemia exclusively gave a similar survival rate of the fish at day 29. Cofeeding with artificial diets resulted in a lower growth rate than the control treatment. Cofeeding the larvae with PL-rich or FFA-rich diets did not affect the pigmentation or resistance to salt stress of the larvae. Complete substitution of Artemia by the phosholipid diets from day 20, however, resulted in severe stress and pigmentation problems. Cofeeding might have interesting features for application since it may reduce the amount and cost of live food and also offer to the fish larvae essential nutrients that are not contained in sufficient amounts in the (enriched) live food.  相似文献   
9.
Abstract

This paper describes a pilot culture system for the production of on‐grown Artemia in freshwater ornamental fish farms. The system had 21 culture units, each consisting essentially of three components: an oval‐shaped raceway, an air‐water lift system and two waste collectors. Using artificial seawater at 20 ppt for culture and at a mean production rate of 3 kg/m3 of water in a 12‐day cycle, the system had a production capacity of 8 metric tons of on‐grown Artemia a year. Biochemical analyses were preformed to evaluate the nutritional value of the on‐grown Artemia against three conventional live feeds, viz. live Artemia nauplii, live Moina and frozen bloodworms. Cost‐benefit analysis showed that with a capital investment of US$ 82,000 and an annual cost of production of US$ 81,000, the system achieved a high internal rate of return of 88% over a 10‐year period and a short payback period of 1.23 years. The availability of on‐grown Artemia would not only offer farmers and exporters a better alternative live food organism for feeding to their fish, but more importantly the possibility of enhancing the fish performance and quality through bioencapsulation.  相似文献   
10.
The effect of a potential probiotic on the growth performance of a rotifer and its inhibition against Vibrio anguillarum was studied. Probiotic strain AR21 had no significant observable effect on the growth rate of rotifers under optimal culture conditions in three consecutive experiments. In the first and second experiments, the AR21 strain exhibited an inhibitory effect against the V, anguillarum strain when rotifer cultures were maintained at a suboptimal feeding regime. The growth rate of the rotifers in suboptimal feeding conditions was significantly higher in the treatment receiving AR21 and V. anguillarum than in the treatment where only V. anguillarum was added.  相似文献   
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