Media Update     

Eddie Ripard 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(6):338-339

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Phosphorus removal in a marine prototype, recirculating aquaculture system   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yoram Barak  Eddie Cytryn  Iliya Gelfand  Michael Krom  Jaap van Rijn   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):313-326

Phosphorus dynamics were examined in a prototype, zero-discharge, marine-recirculating system. Operation of the system without discharge of water and sludge was enabled by recirculation of effluent water through two separate treatment loops. Surface water from the fish basin was pumped over a trickling filter in one loop, while bottom-water was recirculated through a sedimentation basin followed by a fluidized bed reactor in the other treatment loop. Ammonia oxidation to nitrate in the trickling filter and organic matter digestion together with nitrate reduction in the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor were the main biological features of this treatment system. Orthophosphate concentrations did not exceed 15 mg PO₄–P/l in the culture water during more than 1 year of system operation. Much of the phosphorus was retained within the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor. In these treatment stages, the phosphorus content of organic matter was as high as 17.5% and 19%, respectively. High concentrations of total phosphorus and low concentrations of soluble orthophosphate were measured in the initial stages of sedimentation under oxic and anoxic conditions, suggesting that most of the phosphorus was associated with organic matter. Depletion of oxygen and nitrate in the sludge layers of the sedimentation basin coincided with sulfate reduction to sulfide and a release of soluble orthophosphate. The observed phosphorus dynamics in this marine system supported findings from previous studies in which it was demonstrated that denitrifiers underlie phosphorus immobilization under these conditions.  相似文献   

Rhizobacteria: Influence of cultivar and soil type on plant growth and yield of potato     

William J. Howie  Eddie Echandi 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1983,15(2):127-132

The influence of potato cultivar and soil type on effectiveness of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was examined. Rhizobacteria were isolated from potato roots and tubers obtained from fields with a history of high potato yields. Fluorescent pigment-producing rhizobacteria. identified as strains of Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescens, were selected for their antibiosis against Erwinia carovotora ssp. carotovora and growth-promoting activity on potatoes. In greenhouse tests, treatments of potato seedpieces and stem cuttings increased shoot dry weight from 1.23- to 2.00-fold and root dry weight from 1.27- to 2.78-fold. Survival of PGPR in the rhizosphere was monitored using antibioticresistant strains. Populations of these strains decreased from 3.6 × 10⁹ cgu g^?1 dry root weight to 4.5 × 10⁵ cfu g^?1 dry root weight 4 weeks after treatment. In field trials, PGPR strains were applied to seedpieces of cultivars Kennebec, Pungo, Red Pontiac and Superior and planted in Cape Fear loam. Plymouth loamy sand or Delanco sandy loam. Significant yield increases of 1.17–1.37-fold over controls were observed in two of three field trials. Variability in plant growth-promoting activity was observed between greenhouse and field trials, and no given treatment combination of PGPR strain, potato cultivar and soil type was consistently better than another.  相似文献   

Postoperative complications in a lamb after major surgery     

Vettorato E  Schoeffmann G  Beard P  Clutton RE 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(1):63-69

INTODUCTION: Anaesthesia in lambs undergoing experimental surgery may develop problems associated with age-related immune incompetency: a postoperative complication in a 3 week old Scottish blackface lamb after spinal surgery is presented. CASE HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT: Both lamb and ewe were in good condition. The ewe was vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium tetani 5 weeks pre-partum. There were no apparent problems with the lamb's intake of colostrum. Pre-anaesthetic medication was intramuscular medetomidine (10 μg kg(-1)). Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. Morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)), meloxicam (0.6 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (1 mg kg(-1) followed by 10 μg kg(-1) minute(-1)) were administered intravenously (IV) for perioperative analgesia. Atracurium (0.5 mg kg(-1) IV, followed by 0.17 mg kg(-1) injected when the first twitch of the four, train-of four count was palpated) was used to improve muscle relaxation. The lamb's trachea was intubated and the lungs mechanically ventilated to maintain normocapnia. Intrathecal morphine (0.2 mg kg(-1)), IV meloxicam (0.3 mg kg(-1)) and edrophonium (0.5 mg kg(-1)) were administered before recovery. Operative and initial recovery periods were unremarkable. Three hours after surgery the lamb became depressed. Tachycardia (180-250 beats minute(-1)), tachypnoea (30 breaths minute(-1)), poor peripheral perfusion and cold pelvic limb extremities were present mimicking severe pain, and/or hypovolaemic shock. Analgesics - morphine (total dose 1.3 mg kg(-1)) - and IV fluid therapy boluses - crystalloids (300 mL), colloids (120 mL) and fresh whole blood (60 mL) - failed to ameliorate clinical signs and so the lamb was euthanized 10 hours after surgery. Post-mortem findings supported a possible diagnosis of peracute Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia. CONCLUSION: Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia should be considered when clinical signs of severe pain and/or hypovolaemic shock fail to respond to analgesics and fluid resuscitation in lambs after major surgery.  相似文献   

Problems associated with perioperative morphine in horses: a retrospective case analysis     

Mircica E  Clutton RE  Kyles KW  Blissitt KJ 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(3):147-155

Objective To identify the incidence of adverse effects caused by morphine 100–170 µg kg^?1 administration during surgery in horses. Design Retrospective case record analysis (1996–2000). Animals Eighty‐four healthy (ASA 1 or 2) horses, mean age 5.5 ± 3.1 (SD) years (2 months to 16 years), mean weight 524 ± 14 kg (100–950). Methods Physiological data and evidence of complications were collected from the anaesthetic records of all animals anaesthetized with romifidine, ketamine, diazepam and halothane and undergoing laryngeal surgery or orchiectomy at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. Cases were divided into those receiving (group M+; n = 18) and those not receiving morphine (M?; n = 29), and the data compared. Values for heart and respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure were compared at 15‐minute intervals between 30 and 120 minutes after induction using anova for repeated measures. The incidence of intraoperative problems was compared using Fisher's exact test. Recovery scores were compared using Student's unpaired t‐test. The records of a further 37 horses undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy (n = 5), arthroscopy (n = 29) or tarsal arthrodesis (n = 3) were also studied but not analysed statistically due to disparate treatment distribution. Results There were no significant differences between the M+ and M? groups. The incidence of post‐operative complications such as box‐walking and colic were similar in each group. Conclusions Morphine doses of 100–170 µg kg^?1 do not increase the risk of problems when used to provide perioperative analgesia in horses anaesthetized with romifidine, ketamine, diazepam and halothane. Clinical relevance Morphine provides an acceptable and relatively inexpensive way to provide perioperative analgesia in horses.  相似文献   

Allometric biomass equations for tree species used in agroforestry systems in Uganda     

Susan Balaba Tumwebaze  Eddie Bevilacqua  Russell Briggs  Timothy Volk 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(4):781-795

Estimates of above-ground biomass are required for better planning, sustainable management and monitoring of changes in carbon stocks in agroforestry systems. The objective of this study was to develop and compare biomass equations for Markhamia lutea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Maesopsis eminii and Grevillea robusta grown in a linear simultaneous agroforestry system in Uganda. These species were established in single rows in the middle of fields in 1995 from four-month old seedlings. A total of 57 trees were sampled for this study, 13 for M. lutea, 12 for C. equisetifolia, 16 for M. eminii and 16 for G. robusta. Biomass values of the various tree components (stem, branches and foliage) as well as the total above-ground biomass were fitted to linear and non-linear allometric models using total height, diameter-at-breast height (DBH), crown width as predictor variables. Although both DBH and height are typically used as independent variables for predicting above-ground biomass, the addition of height in biomass equations did not significantly improve model performance for M. eminii, M. lutea and G. robusta. However, addition of height significantly increased the proportion of variation explained in above-ground biomass for C. equisetifolia, while DBH did not significantly improve the prediction of biomass. The study confirmed the need for developing species-specific biomass equations.  相似文献   

Anaesthesia of a captive,male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)     

Frances Reed  Rachael Gregson  Simon Girling  Romain Pizzi  R Eddie Clutton 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(1):103-104

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Long-term survival of dogs after cholecystoenterostomy: a retrospective study of 15 cases (1981-2005)     

Papazoglou LG  Mann FA  Wagner-Mann C  Song KJ 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2008,44(2):67-74

Fifteen dogs with extrahepatic biliary tract disease underwent cholecystoenterostomy. Long-term survivors were significantly older at presentation (mean age 140.5 months) than dogs that survived the first 20 days after surgery but subsequently died from causes related to the surgery or hepatobiliary disease (mean age 72 months). Dogs that died during the first 20 days had significantly more complications in the hospital than dogs that survived this period. The type of underlying hepatobiliary disease (i.e., benign or malignant) was not associated with either short-term outcome or long-term survival. Eight dogs died from causes related to surgery or hepatobiliary disease. Long-term complications included hepatic abscesses, acquired portosystemic shunts, pancreatitis, and vomiting.  相似文献   

The effects of morphine on the recovery of horses from halothane anaesthesia     

Clark L  Clutton RE  Blissitt KJ  Chase-Topping ME 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(1):22-29

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of peri-operative morphine on the quality and duration of recovery from halothane anaesthesia in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. ANIMALS: Twenty-two client owned horses, ASA category I or II. METHODS: Horses undergoing elective surgical procedures were divided into two groups and paired according to procedure, body position during surgery, body mass and breed. Group M+ received morphine by intravenous injection (0.15 mg kg(-1)) before induction of anaesthesia and then by infusion (0.1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) during anaesthesia. Group M- received the same anaesthetic agents except that morphine was excluded. At the end of surgery, the horses were placed in a recovery box and allowed to recover without assistance. Recoveries were recorded on videotape, beginning when the anaesthetist left the recovery box, and ending when the horse stood up. Recoveries were assessed from digital video recordings by three observers, unaware of treatment. The time to first movement, attempting and attaining sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. The quality of various aspects of the recovery was assessed to produce a total recovery score; high numerical values indicate poor recoveries. The duration of anaesthesia and the total dose of morphine administered were recorded. RESULTS: The mean morphine dose (95% CI) was 147 (135-160) mg [equivalent to 0.27 (0.25-0.29) mg kg(-1)]. The recovery scores (median, 95% CI) for the M- and M+ groups were 25, 19-41 and 20, 14-26, respectively. Total score increased as duration of anaesthesia increased, independent of treatment. Untreated (M-) horses made more attempts to achieve sternal recumbency: mean number of attempts (95% CI) for M- was 4.5 (2.7-6.2) compared with 2.0 (1.4-2.6) (M+). Untreated horses made more attempts to stand (2.1, 1.6-2.6) compared with the morphine recipients (1.3, 1.1-1.5). Time to standing (in minutes) was significantly (p = 0.0146) longer for the untreated (31.3, 24.3-38.3) compared with treated animals (26.6, 20.9-32.3). The interval between the first movement in recovery to the time at standing was significantly (p < 0.001) longer for M- (14.5, 12.1-16.9 minutes) compared with M+ animals (7.4, 5.0-9.8 minutes). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Recoveries from anaesthesia in the morphine recipients were characterized by fewer attempts to attain sternal recumbency and standing, and a shorter time from the first recovery movement to the time of standing.  相似文献   

The influence of body mass and thoracic dimensions on arterial oxygenation in anaesthetized horses and ponies     

Mansel JC  Clutton RE 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(5):392-399

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between body mass and thoracic dimensions on arterial oxygen tensions (PaO₂) in anaesthetized horses and ponies positioned in dorsal recumbency.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsThirty six client-owned horses and ponies, mean [±SD (range)] age 8.1 ± 4.8 (1.5–20) years and mean body mass 467 ± 115 (203–656) kg.MethodsBefore general anaesthesia, food and water were withheld for 12 and 1 hours respectively. Body mass (kg), height at the withers (H), thoracic circumference (C), thoracic depth (length between dorsal spinous process and sternum; D), thoracic width (between point of shoulders; W), and thoracic diagonal length (point of shoulder to last rib; L) were measured. Pre-anaesthetic medication was with intravenous (IV) romifidine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹). Anaesthesia was induced with an IV ketamine (2.2 mg kg⁻¹) and diazepam (0.05 mg kg⁻¹) combination and maintained with halothane in 1:1 oxygen:nitrous oxide (N₂O) mixture. Animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency and allowed to breathe spontaneously. Nitrous oxide was discontinued after 10 minutes, and arterial blood samples obtained and analysed for gas tensions at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after connection to the anaesthetic breathing circuit. Data were analysed using anova and Pearson's correlation co-efficient.ResultsThe height per unit body mass (H kg⁻¹) and thoracic circumference per unit body mass (C kg⁻¹) correlated strongly (r = 0.85, p < 0.001 and r = 0.82, p < 0.001 respectively) with arterial oxygen tensions (PaO₂) at 15 minutes.ConclusionsThere is a strong positive correlation between H kg⁻¹ and C kg⁻¹ and PaO₂ after 15 minutes of anaesthesia in halothane-anaesthetized horses positioned in dorsal recumbency.Clinical relevanceReadily obtained linear measurements (height and thoracic circumference) and body mass may be used to predict the ability of horses to oxygenate during anaesthesia.  相似文献