SEROLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF HEAVY PARTICLES DERIVED FROM NORMAL ORGANS     

Henle W  Chambers LA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,92(2388):313-315

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Studien über die Forstorganifation und die Ausübung der Forstgerichtsbarkeit beim Salzmaieramt Craunstein     

Dr. phil. Edgar Kraufen 《European Journal of Forest Research》1938,60(24):770-781

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Three cases of disputed paternity in dogs resolved by the use of DNA fingerprinting     

Hermans IF  Atkinson J  Hamilton JF  Chambers GK 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1991,39(2):61-64

DNA fingerprinting with the probes 33.15 and alpha-globin 3'HVR has been used to resolve three cases of disputed paternity in dogs. For each pedigree it was necessary to establish which bands in the DNA fingerprints of the offspring were of paternal origin, and then establish which putative sire carried all these bands. In the first case, a litter of Rhodesian Ridgebacks, twelve DNA bands were informative in establishing paternity. In the second case, a litter of Afghan hounds, five DNA bands established paternity, Lastly, in a litter of Border collies, five DNA bands established paternity. In each case a single dog only sired the entire litter.  相似文献   

New predators for biocontrol under glass     

R. J. Chambers  S. Long 《Phytoparasitica》1992,20(1):S57-S60

Several species ofOrius are under investigation in the UK, Europe and North America for the biological control of thrips, especially western flower thrips(Frankliniella occidentalis). The available species are briefly compared and findings on effectiveness and oviposition ofO. laevigatus are reported.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of articaine hydrochloride and its metabolite articainic acid after subcutaneous administration in red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

D Venkatachalam  JP Chambers  K Kongara  P Singh 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(1):16-20

AIM: To develop and validate a simple and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantification of articaine, and its major metabolite articainic acid, in plasma of red deer (Cervus elaphus), and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of articaine hydrochloride and articainic acid in red deer following S/C administration of articaine hydrochloride as a complete ring block around the antler pedicle.

METHODS: The LC-MS method was validated by determining linearity, sensitivity, recovery, carry-over and repeatability. Articaine hydrochloride (40?mg/mL) was administered S/C to six healthy male red deer, at a dose of 1?mL/cm of pedicle circumference, as a complete ring block around the base of each antler. Blood samples were collected at various times over the following 12 hours. Concentrations in plasma of articaine and articainic acid were quantified using the validated LC-MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of articaine and articainic acid were estimated using non-compartmental analysis.

RESULTS: Calibration curves were linear for both articaine and articainic acid. The limits of quantifications for articaine and articainic acid were 5 and 10?ng/mL, respectively. Extraction recoveries were >72% for articaine and >68% for articainic acid. After S/C administration as a ring block around the base of each antler, mean maximum concentrations in plasma (C_max) of articaine were 1,013.9 (SD 510.1) ng/mL, detected at 0.17 (SD 0.00) hours, and the C_max for articainic acid was 762.6 (SD 95.4) ng/mL at 0.50 (SD 0.00) hours. The elimination half-lives of articaine hydrochloride and articainic acid were 1.12 (SD 0.17) and 0.90 (SD 0.07) hours, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The LC-MS method used for the quantification of articaine and its metabolite articainic acid in the plasma of red deer was simple, accurate and sensitive. Articaine hydrochloride was rapidly absorbed, hydrolysed to its inactive metabolite articainic acid, and eliminated following S/C administration as a ring block in red deer. These favourable pharmacokinetic properties suggest that articaine hydrochloride should be tested for efficacy as a local anaesthetic in red deer for removal of velvet antlers. Further studies to evaluate the safety and residues of articaine hydrochloride and articainic acid are required before articaine can be recommended for use as a local anaesthetic for this purpose.  相似文献   

Effect of Stocking Density on Growth,Survival, and Condition of the Mexican Cichlid Cichlasoma beani     

Edgar A. Aragon‐Flores  Edna F. Valdez‐Hernandez  Leonardo Martinez‐Cardenas  Maria R. Castaeda‐Chavez  Alfonso A. Gonzales‐Diaz  Miriam Soria‐Barreto  Javier M. J. Ruiz‐Velazco  Emilio Pea‐Messina 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(4):447-453

The Mexican cichlid Cichlasoma beani is currently exploited regionally as food and can be commercialized in the aquarium trade. Natural populations of C. beani may already be negatively affected by anthropogenic alteration of the areas in which it is distributed. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect on growth, survival, and condition of C. beani cultured in three stocking densities: three (D3), six (D6), and nine (D9) fish per each 40 L tank. At the end of a 6‐wk trial the fish cultured in D3 were longer, heavier, and grew faster than the rest of the treatments but their survival was the lowest compared to D6 and D9. The mortalities were caused by a strong aggressive behavior in D3.  相似文献   

Genomic characterisation of bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 identified in equine sarcoids in Japan     

Nanako Yamashita-Kawanishi  James K. Chambers  Kazuyuki Uchida  Yumiko Tobari  Hisashi Yoshimura  Masami Yamamoto  Norio Yumoto  Hiroshi Aoki  Katsuaki Sugiura  Tohru Higuchi  Shigeaki Saito  Takeshi Haga 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(6):1199-1209

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Socio-spatial organization reveals paternity and low kinship in the Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba) in Costa Rica     

Edgar G. GUTIÉRREZ  Isabela VIVAS-TORO  Daniela CARMONA-RUÍZ  David VILLALOBOS-CHAVES  Bernal RODRÍGUEZ-HERRERA  Melina Del REAL-MONROY  Gloria LEÓN-AVILA  Jorge ORTEGA 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(5):646-658

Ectophylla alba is a tent-making bat that roosts in mixed-sex clusters comprising adults and offspring. Our goal was to determine the genetic identity of individuals belonging to different roosting groups. We tested the hypothesis of kin selection as a major force structuring group composition. We used 9 microsatellites designed for E. alba to determine the genetic identity and probability of parentage of individuals. We analyzed parentage and kinship using the software ML-Relate, GenAIEx, and Cervus. The obtained relationship probabilities (0.5) revealed a clear maternal relationship between female adults and offspring with allele compatibility, and at least 5 relationships between male adults and pups. We found a low degree of relatedness within roosting groups. Between roosting groups at different sites, the mean probability of a half-sibling relationship ranged from 0.214 to 0.244 and, for full-sibling relationship, from 0.383 to 0.553. Genetically, adult individuals were poorly related within clusters, and kinship as an evolutionary force could not explain group membership.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary β-carotene on the immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss     

Edgar C Amar  Viswanath Kiron  Shuichi Satoh  Nobuaki Okamoto and  Takeshi Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1068-1075

SUMMARY: We attempt to assess the impact of different levels of dietary β-carotene on immune function in rainbow trout. Semi-purified diets containing 0, 40, 200, and 400 mg β-carotene/kg dry diet were fed for 12 weeks to fish with average weight of 45 g. In addition to the humoral and cellular immune parameters, growth and feed utilization were examined. There were no marked differences in growth and feed utilization showing that β-carotene was not particularly efficient in enhancing growth of rainbow trout. Of the immune parameters measured, total immunoglobulin was significantly highest for the 200 mg β-carotene fed group. Serum complement activity (alternate pathway) at 200 and 400 mg β-carotene supplementation was significantly higher than that of the unsupplemented group. An increasing trend in lysozyme activity was observed, however, the differences among the groups were not significant. Phagocytic activity was similar among diet groups except at the highest level of supplementation where it was the maximum. Oxygen radical production by peripheral blood leukocytes appeared to be lower at higher levels of carotenoid supplementation. Overall, dietary β-carotene clearly enhanced immune response parameters in rainbow trout such as serum complement activity and total plasma immunoglobulin but did not show a definite influence for the other factors examined in the present study.  相似文献   

The use of incidence counts for estimation of cereal aphid populations. 3. Population development and the incidencedensity relation     

S. A. Ward  K. D. Sunderland  R. J. Chambers  A. F. G. Dixon 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):175-183

The relation between the population density of the cereal aphid,Sitobion avenae, and the proportion of wheat tillers infested is examined. Three of the six models considered require the assumption that the aphids' spatial configuration can be described by a single statistical distribution; as this is not true forS. avenae these models are unsuitable. When the other three models were applied to field sample data, only that of Nachman (1981) yielded a regression equation that remained constant throughout the development of the aphid population.Samenvatting Om in de praktijk gebruik te kunnen maken van incidentie (de fractie bezette halmen) voor het schatten van graanluispopulaties moet dezelfde relatie tussen dichtheid en incidentie tijdens het hele groeiseizoen gelden. Uit analyses van veldgegevens voor de graanluisSitobion avenae blijkt dat wel het geval te zijn, zodat bepalingen van incidentie kunnen worden gebruikt om de populatiedichtheid betrouwbaar te schatten.  相似文献