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1.
Eitaro Fukatsu Miyoko Tsubomura Yoshitake Fujisawa Ryogo Nakada 《Annals of Forest Science》2013,70(5):451-459
Context
Wood density is an important component of wood quality, and it is therefore important to assess whether it can be subject to genetic improvement.Aim and methods
We assessed the potential for genetic improvement of wood density in Larix kaempferi by recording components of annual growth rings. A full diallel mating test based on six plus L. kaempferi trees was used. Trees were 29 years old. Wood density was recorded by soft X-ray densitometry, and genetic parameters and genetic gains were computed.Results
Wood density of mature wood was highly heritable, and the largest heritability (0.78) was reached at age 25. Specific combining ability and reciprocal effects displayed very low variance. The age–age correlation of overall wood density was very high (>0.94). The genetic correlation between overall wood density and basal cross-sectional area was positive after age 10. Early selection at age 6 would account for 69 % of the genetic gain from direct selection at age 28 in terms of wood density.Conclusion
Genetic improvement of wood density could be achieved by mass selection and a simultaneous selection for radial increment in L. kaempferi; early selection for wood density can be achieved in this species. 相似文献2.
Kenji Yokota Takuma Teraoka Yoshimasa Tsujii Hirofumi Suzuki Keiichi Murakami Eitaro Miwa Kyoko Higuchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(3):219-224
Potato dextrose broth (PDB), one of the most popular culture media for fungi, can be made in the laboratory from potato extract
and glucose (handmade PDB) and also bought as powder (commercial PDB). We compared growth of Fusarium oxysporum in handmade and commercial PDBs. For seven strains tested, bud cell formation and fungal biomass were higher in handmade
PDB than in commercial PDB. Gel filtration analyses revealed that handmade PDB contained carbohydrates with molecular weights
>20 MDa, while most carbohydrates in commercial PDB were <45 kDa. Freshly prepared, raw potato starch had a molecular weight
>20 MDa and enhanced bud cell formation by five of seven strains when added to commercial PDB. The addition of glucose to
commercial PDB promoted biomass production but not bud cell formation. Furthermore, in a semisynthetic medium containing raw
potato starch, bud cell formation was enhanced for all strains tested. These results indicate that the high molecular carbohydrates
present in raw potatoes enhanced bud cell formation by Fusarium oxysporum. 相似文献
3.
Eitaro Fukatsu Yoko Fukuda Makoto Takahashi Ryogo Nakada 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(3):247-251
Variations in carbon content in wood among 102 clones, selected from almost the entire natural distribution area, were investigated
in Larix kaempferi. The average carbon content was 50.50%, 50.94%, and 50.80% in sapwood, heartwood, and whole wood, respectively. The difference
in carbon content between clones was significant. The clonal repeatabilities were 0.46, 0.38, and 0.44 in heartwood, sapwood
and whole wood, respectively. The coefficients of variation in the clonal mean carbon content were only 0.43%, 0.42%, and
0.41% in heartwood, sapwood, and whole wood, respectively. This small genetic variation and resulting small relative genetic
gain of carbon content indicate that the genetic improvement of carbon content by selection has a small effect on the genetic
improvement of carbon sequestration capacity by selection in L. kaempferi. 相似文献
4.
Miyoko Tsubomura Eitaro Fukatsu Ryogo Nakada Yoko Fukuda 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(8):867-875
Context
Clonal variation of flower production has been investigated thoroughly in coniferous tree species because of the importance of flowering in seed production from seed orchards. However, the inheritance of flower production by progeny test has not been previously studied well, so the heritability of male flower production of Cryptomeria japonica, the most important species for forestry and the main cause of pollinosis in Japan, was estimated to provide fundamental data for pollen control in seed orchards and plantation forests.Methods
Male flower production in C. japonica was investigated for three years using 20 full-sib families created by a diallel mating design with six parents using gibberellin treatment to promote flowering.Results
The narrow-sense individual tree heritability of male flower production in each year was estimated as ranging from 0.777?±?0.339 to 1.050?±?0.346 by sib analyses. The contribution of general combining ability to the total variance varied from 24.1 to 35.6?%. The highest contribution of specific combining ability was 1.42?%. By selecting the top 50?% of parental clones for reduced male flower production, the genetic gain in lowering male flower productivity was predicted as 46.1?C53.0?%.Conclusion
Our results suggest that male flower production in C. japonica is under strong genetic control and that control of male flowering by breeding is possible with a well-designed program. 相似文献5.
6.
Ayato Kohzu Toshihiro Miyajima Takashi Watanabe Eitaro Wada 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(9):1598-1607
Factors that affect the δ13C values of fungi need to be analyzed for the progress of isotope-based studies of food-chain or organic matter dynamics in soils. To analyze the factors that control δ13C values of the fungal body, basidiomycete and ascomycete species were grown on a beechwood substrate (six species) and in glucose medium (nine species), and the δ13C value of produced fungal body was compared to that of the carbon source. The 13C enrichment (Δδ13C) in the fungal aggregates compared to the decomposed wood varied from 1.2 to 6.3‰ among six species. In the glucose substrate experiment, the degree of 13C enrichment in the hyphal mat was relatively small and varied from −0.1 to 2.8‰ among nine basidiomycetes species depending on their growth stage. Calculated δ13C values of the respired CO2 were lower than those of the hyphal mat, organic metabolites and the glucose used. The degree of 13C enrichment was affected by fungal species, substrate and growth stage. Fungal internal metabolic processes are the plausible mechanism for the observed isotopic discrimination between fungal bodies and substrates. Especially, dark fixation of ambient CO2 and kinetic isotope fractionation during assimilation and dissimilation reactions could well explain Δδ13C dynamics in our experiments. Through the analysis of field Δδ13C, we could know undisturbed fungal status about starvation, aeration and type of decomposition. 相似文献
7.
Nobumasa Bito Ryogo Nakada Eitaro Fukatsu Yasuyuki Matsushita Kazuhiko Fukushima Takanori Imai 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(6):1049-1056
• Introduction
In Cryptomeria japonica, heartwood properties are considered to be affected by specific extractives. It remains unclear whether traits of specific heartwood compounds are under genetic control. 相似文献8.
Eitaro Fukatsu Akira Tamura Makoto Takahashi Yoko Fukuda Ryogo Nakada Masahiro Kubota Susumu Kurinobu 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(2):128-135
The efficiency of the indirect selection for wood density using the Pilodyn in Cryptomeria japonica was studied by comparing the Pilodyn penetration (PP) depth and the direct measurement of wood density in three test sites.
The influence of the genotype by environment (G × E) interaction of wood density was estimated using the Pilodyn with common
12 C. japonica clones in 10 test sites in Kanto breeding region in Japan. The PP depth was highly correlated with wood density, and the
genetic correlation between them was −0.88. The indirect selection using the Pilodyn realized 87% of the genetic gain obtained
by the direct selection of wood density. The G × E interaction in PP depth was small. The ratio of the variance component
of the G × E interaction to that of genotype was only 0.096 in the PP depth, whereas it was 0.700 in tree height and 1.410
in diameter at breast height. These findings indicate that the Pilodyn is useful for the genetic improvement of wood density
in Cryptomeria japonica. The small G × E interaction in wood density estimated using the Pilodyn indicates that the relative clonal performance in
wood density is stable among diverse environments in Kanto breeding region in Japan. 相似文献
9.
Eitaro Miwa Seward E. Allen Charles M. Hunt Lynn B. Clement 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):103-111
Three K silicates having SiO2/K2O ratios of 4, 5, and 6 were compared with single and split applications of KCI, (KPO3)n, and sulfur-coated KCI (SCK-34) for their availability to four cuttings of common bermudagrass. At the rate of 200 mg of K/pot, all silicates applied in fine particles gave the same pattern of yield and K uptake as readily soluble KCl; however, less response to these finely sized K silicates at applications from 200 to 500 mg of K/pot suggests that they supply K more slowly than do soluble sources. K2O.6SiO2, when granulated in the size of 0.41-1.2 or 1.65-2.36 rom gave typical yieiJ and K uptake patterns of slowrelease sources similar to those for SCK-34 at both rates of application. (KPO3) n supplied K in the same pattern as KCl and no effect of granulation was observed. A better balanced K supply through the whole period and the production of forage of more stable mineral composition is expected by the use of these slow-release K sources. 相似文献
10.
Ayato Kohzu Takahiro Tateishi Akiyoshi Yamada Keisuke Koba Eitaro Wada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):733-739
The 15N natural abundance in Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucco that had been inoculated and not inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus granulatus (L.:Fr.) O. Kuntze) was compared. The inoculated pine needles showed a lower δ15N value, while the uninoculated ones showed a higher δ15N value. Higher δ15N values in the mycelial mat of the ectomycorrhizal fungi compared to those of the inoculated pine needles were also observed. These facts indicate that nitrogen isotope fractionation occurred during the nitrogen transport from mycorrhizal fungi to the host plants. 相似文献