Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus     

Kazuaki Uno   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):1-11

The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline were examined in kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) after intra-sinus (10 and 25 mg/kg, respectively) and oral (50 mg/kg) administration. The shrimp were kept in tanks with recirculated artificial seawater at a salinity of 22–23 ppt. The water temperature was maintained at 25±0.6 °C. The hemolymph concentrations of both drugs after intra-sinus dosing were best described by a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t_1/2 and t_1/2β) were found to be 0.59 and 33.2 h for oxolinic acid and 0.45 and 24.7 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at a steady state (V_ss) and total body clearance (CL_b) were estimated to be 1309 ml/kg and 28.8 ml/kg/h for oxolinic acid and 748 ml/kg and 22.7 ml/kg/h, respectively. The hemolymph concentration–time curves after oral administration did not fit by the nonlinear least squares method using one- and two-compartment model with first-order absorption in either of the drugs. The peak hemolymph concentration (C_max), the time to peak hemolymph concentration (t_max) and the elimination half-life were found to be 17.8 μg/ml, 7 h and 34.3 h for oxolinic acid and 24.3 μg/ml, 10 h and 33.6 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The bioavailability (F) after oral administration was 32.9% for oxolinic acid and 43.2% for oxytetracycline. The hemolymph protein binding in vivo was determined to be 36.7±8.5% for oxolinic acid and 22.9±4.8% for oxytetracycline.  相似文献   

Biomedical research publication system     

Wang YL  Burridge K  Dembo M  Gabbiani G  Hanks SK  Hosoya H  Janmey P  Karlsson R  Lindberg U  Mabuchi I  Otey C  Rottner K  Small JV  Wang CL  Zigmond S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5666):1974-1976

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Evaluation of fetal growth and estimation of fetal age based on skeletal growth in Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884)     

Kobayashi A  Onuma M  Yokoyama M  Suzuki M  Uno H  Ohtaishi N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1535-1542

We investigated fetal development and the estimation of fetal age of 127 Hokkaido sika deer fetuses, categorizing them into three groups according to the nutritional condition of populations. The order and time of the appearance of ossification centers were clarified, and fetal age was determined based on bone length and the appearance of ossification centers. Then we observed the differences in fetal growth among three populations, and discussed the effect of poor nutrition on the fetal growth. The results suggest that fetal diaphysial length of the femur was affected very little by nutritional conditions, whereas conception dates were delayed and fetal weight was restricted as the nutritional condition became poorer. Although it is impossible to know the exact accurate fetal age in wild populations, it was possible to create a standard to estimate fetal age more precisely by the method described in this study. Both the bone length and the appearance of ossification centers are reliable indices to estimate fetal age precisely in measurements available from fetuses of unknown age, and can be applied to estimate the fetal age of other populations of sika deer, whereas estimation of fetal age based on weight is prone to great errors.  相似文献   

Simple assessment of radical scavenging capacity of beverages     

Omata Y  Saito Y  Yoshida Y  Niki E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3386-3390

The radical-scavenging antioxidants play an important role against oxidative stress in the defense system in vivo. The beneficial effects of antioxidants contained in foods and beverages have been well-accepted, and their antioxidant capacity has been assessed by various methods. In the present study, a simple method is proposed in which the total radical scavenging capacity is assessed from the bleaching of pyranine and pyrogallol red induced by free radicals generated from azo initiator. The total content of antioxidants contained in red wine, green tea, and cassis drink and their reactivities toward peroxyl radicals were measured from the lag phase and rate of bleaching using pyranine and pyrogallol red as a probe, respectively. It was found that this method to follow the bleaching of two probes by visible light spectrophotometer is convenient and applicable for assessment of total radical scavenging capacity of both content and activity of the antioxidants contained in beverages.  相似文献   

Assessment of radical scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation inhibiting capacity of antioxidant     

Niki E  Omata Y  Fukuhara A  Saito Y  Yoshida Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8255-8260

The role of radical scavenging antioxidants against oxidative stress has received much attention, and the antioxidant capacity has been assessed by various methods. Among them, a method that measures the effect of antioxidant on decay of the probe is one of the most widely used methods. The present study was performed to compare the two methods to assess the antioxidant capacity, one to follow the decay of the probe and the other to measure lipid peroxidation products in human plasma. It was shown that the method following probe decay was suitable for assessment of radical scavenging capacity of antioxidant, but not for the capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation in plasma. This is true whether a hydrophilic or lipophilic probe is used. Such different results arise from the fact that the efficacy of inhibition of lipid peroxidation by antioxidants depends on the fate of antioxidant-derived radical and interaction between antioxidants as well as the capacity of free radical scavenging. Thus, the capacity of antioxidants for inhibition of lipid peroxidation should be assessed from the effect on the extent of oxidation, not from the effect on probe decay.  相似文献   

Linkage analysis of RFLP markers for clubroot resistance and pigmentation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Etsuo Matsumoto  Chika Yasui  Michio Ohi  Motohisa Tsukada 《Euphytica》1998,104(2):79-86

A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) – based linkage map of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) (2n=20) including two agronomic traits, clubroot resistance and orange-yellow pigmentation, was constructed using doubled haploid parents. The total linkage distance was 735 cM; 63 loci were distributed into ten linkage groups. Clubroot resistance of the parental line T136-8 to the current pathotype, race 2, was predominantly controlled by a single dominant gene that originated from European turnip. The locus for clubroot resistance by the dominant major gene (CRa) was mapped on linkage group 3, and RFLP loci HC352b and HC181 were located 3 cM and 12 cM from it, respectively. The locus HC352b was identified by a 4.4 Kb Eco R I fragment, which segregated for null allele. The absence of an allelic fragment in HC352b could be interpreted by deletion in the resistance source; homozygotes for CRa could be efficiently selected by detecting null types for the marker. Orange-yellow pigmentation expressed in head inner leaves and petals was governed by a single recessive gene. The locus (Oy) for the pigmentation was mapped on linkage group 1, being located 17–19 cM from three RFLP loci that were closely linked to each other. The linkage analysis for clubroot resistance and unique pigmentation revealed some informative RFLP markers. Identification of molecular markers for clubroot resistance and other agronomically important traits would provide useful information in breeding programs of Chinese cabbage. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Improvement of diagnostic markers for resistance to Globodera pallida and application for selection of resistant germplasms in potato breeding     

Kenji Asano  Etsuo Shimosaka  Yoko Yamashita  Takashi Narabu  Satoshi Aiba  Itaru Sakata  Kotaro Akai  Satoshi Okamoto  Seiji Tamiya 《Breeding Science》2021,71(3):354

Occurrence of pale potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens, was first recorded in Japan in 2015. Among several control measures, cultivation of resistant potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties is the most effective in cost and environmental impact. As no G. pallida-resistant varieties have yet been developed in Japan, great emphasis is being placed on screening of germplasm possessing the resistance and development of the resistant varieties. In this study, we first improved previously reported DNA markers linked to the G. pallida resistance loci (GpaIV^s_adg and Gpa5) and then used these to screen more than 1,000 germplasms to select several candidate germplasms with resistance. We performed inoculation testing on the selected candidates and identified several resistant germplasms to the Japanese G. pallida population. Furthermore, we developed a simultaneous detection method combining three DNA markers linked to G. pallida and Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens resistance loci. We validated the ability of C237-I marker to select resistant allele of GpaIV^s_adg and predict the presence of resistance in a Japanese breeding population. Resistant germplasms identified in this study could potentially be used to develop G. pallida-resistant varieties. The marker evaluation methods developed in this study will contribute to the efficient development of resistant varieties.  相似文献   

Cynomolgus macaque CYP4 isoforms are functional, metabolizing arachidonic acid     

Uno Y  Matsuno K  Nakamura C  Utoh M  Yamazaki H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(4):487-490

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is important for metabolism of not only xenobiotics such as drugs, but also endogenous compounds including arachidonic acids. CYP4A11, CYP4F3v2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F45 have been identified in cynomolgus macaque, an animal species widely used for investigation of drug metabolism due to its evolutionary closeness to human. However, their metabolic functions have not been investigated. In this study, proteins were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized by metabolic assays using arachidonic acids as substrates that are metabolized by CYP4 isoforms in human. The results showed that all four CYPs metabolized arachidonic acids. Therefore, cynomolgus macaque CYP4A11, CYP4F3v2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F45 are functional enzymes.  相似文献   

Expression of two novel cytochrome P450 3A131 and 3A132 in liver and small intestine of domestic cats     

Honda K  Komatsu T  Koyama F  Kubota A  Kawakami K  Asakura H  Uno Y  Kitazawa T  Hiraga T  Teraoka H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1489-1492

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Multiple drainage can deliver higher rice yield and lower methane emission in paddy fields in An Giang Province,Vietnam     

Uno  Kenichi  Ishido  Kenji  Nguyen Xuan  Loc  Nguyen Huu  Chiem  Minamikawa  Kazunori 《Paddy and Water Environment》2021,19(4):623-634

Paddy and Water Environment - The Mekong Delta produces 55% of Vietnam’s rice (Oryza sativa L.) through double or triple cropping each year. It accounts for a large proportion of...  相似文献