The occurrence of nymphal stage of Linguatula serrata in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): nymphal morphometry and lymph node pathology     

Sivakumar P  Sankar M  Nambi PA  Praveena PE  Singh N 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(10):506-509

The mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of buffaloes (n = 100) were examined for the presence of parasitic infection. The nymphal stage of Linguatula serrata was observed in two buffaloes. A single white-coloured nymph with transversely striated spines on a segmented body, two pairs of oral suckers and hooks was observed in the MLN. The morphometrics of the nymphs were studied. The affected lymph nodes were grossly enlarged with cyst and showed pathological lesions of fibroblastic reaction with a mild underlying inflammatory zone.  相似文献   

Evaluation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis> as an immunomodulator: in vitro expression model     

Megha Kadam Bedekar  Praveena Soman  Sajal Kole  Deepika Anand  Gayatri Tripathi  M. Makesh  K. V. Rajendran 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(6):1401-1413

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or type II interferon is a cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and some bacterial and protozoal infections. The importance of IFN-γ in the immune system lies in its ability to inhibit viral replication directly and most importantly from its immunomodulatory effects. Previously, we successfully co-administered IFN-γ along with GAPDH gene of Edwardsiella tarda as bicistronic DNA vaccine in Labeo rohita. In order to ascertain the individual role of IFN-γ, the present study involves cloning and expression of 552-bp IFN-γ open-reading frame (ORF) of L. rohita in striped snakehead (SSN-1) cell line using eukaryotic expression vector system (pQE-TriSystem) followed by transfection in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMCs) to evaluate its immunomodulatory ability in comparison to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C)-treated PBMCs. The 18.7-kDa protein, expressed in the pQE-IFNγ-transfected SSN-1 cells, reacted with anti-His antibody in Western blot confirming it to be recombinant IFN-γ, whereas the relative expression of IFN-γ, iNOS, Mx, and IL-1β genes in PBMCs was quantified at 24 h and 48 h post treatment by qPCR. The comparative kinetics of all four genes showed significantly (p?<?0.05) high upregulation pattern in both pQE-IFNγ-transfected cell group and Poly I:C-treated cell group demonstrating recombinant IFN-γ as an equally efficient inducer like Poly I:C. Thus, our in vitro experiment results highlight the immunomodulatory potential of recombinant IFN-γ as an analogue to synthetic Poly I:C which warranted future studies to further explore the potential of recombinant IFN-γ as an effective vaccine adjuvant against different microbial invasion.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Betanodavirus</Emphasis> in freshwater fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gambusia affinis</Emphasis> (Baird and Girard, 1853)—a potential infection model for viral encephalopathy and retinopathy     

J. Praveenraj  P. Ezhil Praveena  T. Bhuvaneswari  A. Navaneeth Krishnan  K. P. Jithendran 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(2):617-627

Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of the disease known as viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in a variety of marine and freshwater fish species. The aim of this study was to demonstrate experimental infection of an isolate of betanodavirus (RGNNV genotype) in freshwater fish, Gambusia affinis, for elucidation of transmission mechanism and potential use as a laboratory model. Morbidity and mortality rate was significantly higher by injection route of infection as compared to immersion by bath and resembled the natural infection of juvenile marine fish. The fish in disease affected group showed severe neurological disorders accompanied by extensive vacuolar degeneration and mild to moderate neuronal necrosis of the brain in comparison to control. Amplification of ~?427 bp product in the variable region of the coat protein gene of betanodavirus was achieved by RT-PCR with 100% sequence homology to RGNNV genotype.  相似文献   

Cytokine profiles, apoptosis and pathology of experimental Pasteurella multocida serotype A1 infection in mice     

P. Ezhil Praveena  Sivakumar Periasamy  A.A. Kumar  Nem Singh 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(3):332-339

Mice were experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida serotype A1 to study the cytokine profiles, host cell apoptosis and sequential pathology at different hours of post-infection. Infected mice were dull, anorectic and depressed. A transient leukocytopenia followed by progressive leukocytosis was observed in the course of infection. Serum cytokine profiles showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and mouse KC) in the infected mice when compared to control mice. The circulating lymphocytes were apoptotic on annexin V staining. Apoptotic nuclei were detected in splenocytes, hepatocytes and infiltrating leukocytes of the lungs on TUNEL staining. The lungs were grossly congested and hemorrhagic, and showed infiltration with polymorphonuclear cells at early and mononuclear cells in the late hours of infection. Alveolar epithelia, inter-alveolar septa and capillary endothelium of the lungs showed ultrastructural changes. Liver had degenerative changes in histological and ultrathin sections.  相似文献   

Safflower petals: A source of gamma linolenic acid     

Srinivas CV  Praveena B  Nagaraj G 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,54(1):89-92

Safflower petals have been shown to have a lot of medicinal and therapeutic values. Indian safflower petal samples were analyzed for the red pigment carthamin, protein and oil contents. The petal oil (4.0–5.8%) was further analyzed for its fatty acids followed by alpha linolenic acid (15–19%) and palmitic acids (14–16%). Gamma linolenic acid, which has a lot of therapeutic value was present to an extent of 2–3%; decanoic and dodecanoic acids (2–5%) were also present.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary prebiotic inulin on histology,immuno‐haematological and biochemical parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)          下载免费PDF全文

Sajjad Syed Raffic Ali  Kondusamy Ambasankar  Peter Ezhil Praveena  Sambasivam Nandakumar  Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(8):2732-2740

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of supplementation of inulin on histology, immuno‐haematological and biochemical parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings with an initial average body weight of 7.14 ± 0.05 g. Inulin was supplemented at four different concentrations (control) 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg in the L. calcarifer diet containing 400 g/kg protein and 90 g/kg lipid. At the end of the 60 days feeding trial, the absorptive surface area of the intestine and glycogen deposition in liver were increased in fish fed inulin supplemented diets. The immune parameters lysozyme, alternative complement pathway, superoxide dismutase and nitroblue tetrazolium assay showed significant (p < 0.05) difference between control and treatment groups. Haematological parameters showed that red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the fish fed with inulin supplemented diets. The analysis of biochemical parameters revealed that glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between control and treatments groups. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for total protein among different treatments. The results of the study revealed that 15–20 g/kg inulin supplementation has a beneficial effect in the histology, immuno‐haematological, and biochemical parameters in L. calcarifer juveniles.  相似文献   

Investigations on C-glycosyl flavonoids from Rhynchosia capitata,its antimicrobial and dyeing properties     

R. Praveena  V. Deepha  Raman Sivakumar 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(3):525-533

Natural dyes extracted from a novel source Rhynchosia capitata (R. capitata) Heyne ex roth were applied to cotton fabric by applying traditional and pad dyeing processes using pre-, post- and simultaneous-mordanting techniques. Both dyeing processes were carried out in the presence of natural mordants: Myrobalan, Pomegranate rind, Rhizhophora mucronata fruits, Manjistha, and eco-friendly metallic mordants such as tannic acid, stannous chloride (SnCl₂), ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄), and copper sulfate (CuSO₄). The range of color developed on dyed materials was evaluated in terms of (L*, a*, b*, C*) CIELAB coordinates and dye absorption concentration on textile materials was studied by using K/S values. Natural mordant Rhizhopora mucronata fruits exhibited good absorption value. It was found that metallic mordants FeSO₄ and CuSO₄ exhibited higher K/S values than SnCl₂. For other mordants except FeSO₄ shade developed on cotton fabric varied from pale yellow to brown. The fastness properties ranged from good to excellent. High pressure thin layer chromatographic analysis for solvents of varying polarity has been investigated and maximum yield was obtained from 80 % aqueous ethanol fraction. Antimicrobial activity was carried out with the aid of two human pathogenic strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia and the cotton fabric dyed with plain extract of R. capitata shows good activity.  相似文献   

Effects of mutual shading of tree crowns on prediction of photosynthetic light-use efficiency in a coastal Douglas-fir forest     

Hilker T  Coops NC  Schwalm CR  Jassal RS  Black TA  Krishnan P 《Tree physiology》2008,28(6):825-834

Gross primary production (GPP) is often expressed as the product of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and the efficiency (epsilon) with which a plant community uses absorbed radiation in biomass production. Light-use efficiency is affected by environmental stresses, and varies diurnally and seasonally. Uncertainty about epsilon can be a serious limitation when modeling GPP. An important determinant of epsilon is the amount and type of solar radiation incident on a canopy, because an abundance of light can trigger a photo-protective reaction, diminishing GPP. The radiation regime in a forest canopy is determined by the predominant sky conditions and by mutual shading of tree crowns. Shading effects, producing shifts in the amount of incident direct and diffuse solar radiation, have been largely ignored, however, because they depend on forest structure and are difficult to measure. We describe a new approach for estimating changes in mutual canopy shading throughout the day and year based on a canopy structure model derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Proportions of canopy shading were then combined with eddy covariance data to assess the explanatory power for variance in epsilon by regression tree analysis over half-hourly, daily and weekly time scales. The approach explained between 75 and 97% of variance in epsilon, representing an increase of between 5 and 16% compared with models driven solely by meteorological variables.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on growth,body composition,haematology and biochemical parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)          下载免费PDF全文

Syed Raffic Ali  Kondusamy Ambasankar  Ezhil Praveena  Sambasivam Nandakumar  Jagabatula Syamadayal 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):899-908

A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on growth, body composition, haematology, biochemical parameters and histology of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings (8.13 ± 0.06 g average weight). Mannan oligosaccharide was supplemented at five different concentrations viz., 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% levels in the diet (40% protein and 9% lipid) of L. calcarifer. The results of the 60 days feeding trial showed that there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the final body weight, weight gain (WG), WG%, average daily gain, survival, specific growth rate, daily growth coefficient, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index in the fish fed diet containing 1% MOS. Whole body composition of post‐fed animals showed non‐significant differences (P > 0.05) among the various treatment groups. The analysis of haematological parameters showed that there was no significant (P > 0.05) differences among different treatments but for the haemoglobin content which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fish fed 1% MOS. Biochemical parameters revealed that glucose, urea, cholesterol and triglyceride content showed significant (P < 0.05) difference between control and MOS‐supplemented group. Histological observations of post‐fed animals revealed that MOS supplementation resulted in increased absorptive surface area of the intestine and increased glycogen deposition in liver. The result of this experiment infers that MOS supplementation has got a beneficial effect in the diet of seabass and supplementation at 1% level is optimal for improving the growth.  相似文献   

Molecular and phenotypic characterization revealed six <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum</Emphasis> species responsible for anthracnose disease of small cardamom in South India     

Chabanahalli?Somashekar?Chethana  Pallem?ChowdappaEmail author  Chakkiyanickal?Narayanan?Biju  Ravindran?Praveena  Annaiah?Mukkatira?Sujatha 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,146(3):465-481

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is extensively cultivated in the Western Ghats of South India either as a monocrop under the forest trees or as an intercrop along with arecanut and coffee plantations. Colletotrichum species responsible for severe outbreaks of anthracnose on small cardamom in South India are reported. Small cardamom anthracnose, popularly known as “Chenthal”, manifests itself on the foliage as yellowish lesions, which later coalesce to form large blighted areas. In advanced stages, the affected leaves dry up giving a burnt appearance to the plant. Twenty-five isolates of Colletotrichum were isolated from leaves of small cardamom in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of India. The isolates were characterized through morphological studies and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, TUB2, CYLH3, GS and ApMat gene regions) to test whether different species are present and identified: C. karstii (2 isolates), C. gloeosporioides (1), C. siamense (7), C. syzygicola (6), Colletotrichum sp (5), and C. guajavae (4), as the cause of anthracnose on small cardamom for the first time. Pathogenicity of the six species was confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of Colletotrichum species which cause anthracnose diseases on small cardamom.  相似文献