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1.
Hafiz Mohkum Hammad Abdul Khaliq Farhat Abbas Wajid Farhad Shah Fahad Muhammad Aslam 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(10):1406-1422
ABSTRACT Organic amendments in the soil perform better than synthetic fertilizers in regards to soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity. Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of organic and synthetic fertilizers on soil fertility and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Soil fertility and protein contents of wheat grains (13.2% and 13.3% during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively) were improved by organic amendments. However, synthetic fertilizer (at the rate of 150, 100, and 60 kg ha?1 N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively) applications resulted in the maximum grain yield (4.05 and 4.46 t ha?1 during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively). The observed and simulated soil organic carbon (SOC) reasonably agreed during RothC model validation (R 2 = 0.99). Economic analysis showed the maximum net profit and relative increase in income ($729 US ha?1 and 309%, respectively) from inorganic treatment. Application of synthetic fertilizers increased grain yield and farm profit while organic manure enhanced grain quality. The RothC model had potential for determining the SOC in organic farming under arid environment. 相似文献
2.
Mohammed F. Aldawsari Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed Farhat Fatima Md. Khalid Anwer Prakash Katakam Abdullah Khan 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)
The objective of this work was to develop sustained-release Ca-alginate beads of apigenin using sodium alginate, a natural polysaccharide. Six batches were prepared by applying the ionotropic gelation technique, wherein calcium chloride was used as a crosslinking agent. The beads were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, percentage yield, and in vitro drug release. Particle size was found to decrease, and drug entrapment efficiency was enhanced with an increase in the polymer concentration. The dissolution study showed sustained drug release from the apigenin-loaded alginate beads with an increase in the polymer proportion. Based on the dissolution profiles, BD6 formulation was optimized and characterized for FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM, results of which indicated successful development of apigenin-loaded Ca alginate beads. MTT assay demonstrated a potential anticancer effect against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. The antimicrobial activity exhibited effective inhibition in the bacterial and fungal growth rate. The DPPH measurement revealed that the formulation had substantial antioxidant activity, with EC50 value slightly lowered compared to pure apigenin. A stability study demonstrated that the BD6 was stable with similar (f2) drug release profiles in harsh condition. In conclusion, alginate-based beads could be used for sustaining the drug release of poorly water-soluble apigenin while also improving in vitro antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. 相似文献
3.
黄土塬边坡植被类型对土壤孔隙的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄土塬边坡植被建设以固坡为目的,不同植被的土壤孔隙结构有利于增加降水入渗,从而减少坡面产流的水蚀危害。本研究以长武塬黄土塬边坡的侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)林地、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)灌丛、草地和农地4种植被为研究对象,采集0–30 cm的原状土柱,利用CT扫描和图像处理技术,对其土壤孔隙度、孔隙数目、孔隙成圆率和孔隙分形维数进行定量分析,结合土层样品的理化性质,研究影响土壤孔隙结构的主要因素。结果表明,农地、侧柏孔隙的孔径大小分异不大,而草地、沙棘自身根系互动穿插生成的根孔扩展了孔径分布范围,不仅增加了孔隙度和大孔隙数目,也降低了孔隙成圆率。草地、沙棘有利于降水入渗,是固坡的优先选择。土壤有机质、粘粒含量等性质与孔隙参数之间具有极显著(P<0.001)或显著(P<0.05)相关关系,它们的改变对土壤孔隙特征变化和提高蓄水保土能力具有重要影响。 相似文献
4.
文章以维持温室最冷月夜间温度12℃以上为目标,研究比较了太阳能加热系统和传统加热系统对温室温度的调节原理和调节效果.太阳能加热系统的热交换器为光管散热器,分为两组,分别悬挂在空中和埋设在地下,用于温室的空气加温和地面的蓄热加温.白天,悬挂在空中的热交换器吸收温室多余能量,通过埋在地下的热交换器将其储存在地下;夜间,储存在地下的热能通过热交换器重新释放出来加热温室空气.传统加热系统的热源为一台15kW的锅炉.实验结果表明:太阳能加热系统在12月至次年1月的最冷几天中供热量不能满足温室作物的需求,但在其它时间,相比传统加热系统更有利于温室环境的调节.因为这种加热系统不仅可用于夜间加热,而且还能避免白天温室内过高温度影响植物生长.这套太阳能加热系统每年能为温室提供360kWh/m2的热量,可节省大量的化石燃料.如果突尼斯国内1400公顷温室全部采用这种加热系统,每年可节约化石燃料5×109kWh. 相似文献
5.
Oumar Ibrahima Farhat Chibani Sawsen A. Oran Mohamed Boussaid Yannis Karamanos Aly Raies 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(8):1087-1097
Allozyme variation was assessed in a collection of pearl millet cultivars derived from three different regions of traditional
cultivation of this cereal in Tunisia and West African countries. Using starch gel electrophoresis, 11 loci corresponding
to seven enzyme staining systems were identified. Important within-cultivar genetic diversity was detected. Genetic diversity
within Tunisian cultivars was similar and was more pronounced than for West African ones. This result could be explained by
the low level of the human selection characterizing the Tunisian cultivars. Most of the total genetic diversity is maintained
within subregions suggesting little genetic differentiation. Cluster analysis did not reveal separate clusters for the various
subregion cultivars. However the cluster analysis should help in the selection of interesting genotypes for future breeding
programs. 相似文献
6.
Turner JA Sivasundaram LR Ottenhof MA Farhat IA Linforth RS Taylor AJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5406-5411
On-line techniques were developed to monitor chemical and physical changes occurring during the heating of skim milk powder (SMP). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCIMS) followed the generation and release of volatile compounds from SMP in a packed-bed reactor. Operating conditions were optimized to avoid condensation of high boiling compounds such as maltol, and the system was highly reproducible (CV < 7%). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of SMP identified a potential glass transition at an onset temperature of 67.9 degrees C and a series of exothermic events that were related to different stages of the Maillard reaction. No lactose crystallization was found after heating. Using a heated stage reflectance FTIR device, spectra were obtained at different temperatures. Analysis of the data showed a correlation between the intensity ratio at wavenumbers 1017 and 1064 cm(-1) and the glass transition measured by DSC. This FTIR system was not sensitive enough to detect Maillard intermediates. Combining data from the three techniques provides a fuller picture of the physical changes during the Maillard reaction and their effects on the chemical reactions. 相似文献
7.
Noel TR Parker R Brownsey GJ Farhat IA MacNaughtan W Ring SG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(22):8580-8585
The physical aging of low water content, amorphous starch/water, maltodextrin/water, and maltose/water mixtures in the glassy state was examined using mechanical testing and calorimetry. Stress relaxation measurements showed that upon storage of the glassy materials there was a time-dependent increase in both flexural modulus and mechanical relaxation time. The mechanical relaxation time increased with depth of quench below the calorimetric glass transition temperature and with aging time at the quench temperature. Calorimetry of the aged materials showed an overshoot in heat capacity in the vicinity of the glass transition. The logarithm of the mechanical relaxation time showed a simple linear relationship with the size of the overshoot expressed as an enthalpy change. The calorimetric behavior could be modeled using the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan method. 相似文献
8.
The retrogradation of extruded starches from three different botanical sources was studied in concentrated conditions (34 +/- 1% water) at 25 degrees C using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Potato starch showed the highest rate of retrogradation (approximately 0.17 h(-1)) followed by waxy maize (approximately 0.12 h(-1)), while the retrogradation of wheat starch was the slowest (approximately 0.05 h(-1)). In addition to the kinetics, the extent of molecular order in the retrograded samples was studied in detail in terms of "short-range" (helical) and "long-range" (crystalline) distance scales. The amylopectin crystallinity indices were essentially the same (approximately 47-51% amylopectin basis) for the three starches. However, significant differences were found in the enthalpy of melting measured by DSC after "full" retrogradation (potato, 11.6 +/- 0.7; waxy maize, 9.0 +/- 0.5; and wheat, 6.1 +/- 0.3 J/g of amylopectin). The degree of short-range molecular order in the retrograded state determined by FTIR was waxy maize > potato > wheat. The effect of amylopectin average chain length and the polymorphism of the crystalline phase were taken into account to explain the differences in the retrogradation enthalpies. 相似文献
9.
10.
The effect of gluten on the retrogradation of wheat starch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The retrogradation of amylopectin in a wheat starch and a wheat starch/gluten (10:1) blend prepared by extrusion and containing 34% water (wet weight basis) was studied using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and NMR relaxometry during storage at constant water content and temperature (25 °C). For both samples, amylopectin ‘fully’ retrograded after 2–3 days storage, i.e. the different parameters monitored with time to follow the retrogradation had reached their maximum value, and crystallised predominantly into the A polymorph. Under the experimental conditions used, there was no evidence of any significant effects of the presence of gluten on the kinetics, extent or polymorphism of amylopectin retrogradation. 相似文献