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1.
Detection of ruminant meat and bone meals in animal feed by real-time polymerase chain reaction: result of an interlaboratory study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Prado M Berben G Fumière O van Duijn G Mensinga-Kruize J Reaney S Boix A von Holst C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7495-7501
The commercialization of animal feeds infected by prions proved to be the main cause of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Therefore, feed bans were enforced, initially for ruminant feeds, and later for all feeds for farmed animals. The development and validation of analytical methods for the species-specific detection of animal proteins in animal feed has been indicated in the TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies) Roadmap (European Commission. The TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy) roadmap. URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/biosafety/bse/roadmap_en.pdf, 2005) as the main condition for lifting the extended feed ban. Methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seem to be a promising solution for this aim. The main objective of this study was to determine the applicability of four different real-time PCR methods, developed by three National expert laboratories from the European Union (EU), for the detection and identification of cattle or ruminant species in typical compound feeds, fortified with meat and bone meals (MBM) from different animal species at different concentration levels. The MBM samples utilized in this study have been treated using the sterilization condition mandatory within the European Union (steam pressure sterilization at 133 degrees C, 3 bar, and 20 min), which is an additional challenge to the PCR methods evaluated in this study. The results indicate that the three labs applying their PCR methods were able to detect 0.1% of cattle MBM, either alone or in mixtures with different materials such as fishmeal, which demonstrates the improvement made by this technique, especially when compared with results from former interlaboratory studies. 相似文献
2.
Identification on commercialized products of AFLP markers able to discriminate slow- from fast-growing chicken strains 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fumière O Dubois M Grégoire D Théwis A Berben G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1115-1119
The European chicken meat market is characterized by numerous quality marks: "Label de Qualité Wallon" in Belgium, "Label Rouge" in France, denominations of geographical origin, organic agriculture, etc. Most of those certified productions have specifications requiring the use of slow-growing chicken strains. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique has been used to search molecular markers able to discriminate slow-growing chicken strains from fast-growing ones and to authenticate certified products. Two pairs of restriction enzymes (EcoRI/MseI and EcoRI/TaqI) and 121 selective primer combinations were tested on individual DNA samples from chicken products essentially in carcass form that were ascribed as belonging to either slow- or fast-growing strains. Within the resulting fingerprints, two fragments were identified as type-strains specific markers. One primer combination gives a band (333 bp) that is specific for slow-growing chickens, and another primer pair generates a band (372 bp) that was found to be characteristic of fast-growing chickens. The two markers were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. The effectiveness and the specificity of the two interesting determinants were assessed on individuals of two well-known strains (ISA 657 and Cobb 500) and on commercialized products coming from various origins. 相似文献
3.
Nakamura A Sasaki F Watanabe K Ojima T Ahn DH Saeki H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(25):9529-9534
The effect of the Maillard reaction on the allergenicity of squid tropomyosin (TM) was investigated. When TM was reacted with ribose (TM-ribose), its human-specific IgE-binding ability decreased markedly and alpha-chymotryptic digestibility of TM was also altered at the early stage of the Maillard reaction. On the other hand, the modification of the lysine residues in TM using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid had no effect on the allergenicity and alpha-chymotryptic digestibility of TM. Therefore, the structural change in TM induced by the Maillard reaction would cause the reduction of the allergenicity, rather than the block of lysine residues. Although peptic digestion diminished the specific IgE-binding ability of TM, the reduction of the allergenicity by the Maillard reaction remained after peptic digestion. These results suggest that hypersensitive reaction of TM-ribose in the human body might be lower than that of native TM. 相似文献
4.
The objective of this study was to examine clinical signs, laboratory parameters, and course of disease in Abyssinian and Somali cats with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency. The clinical course of 25 PK-deficient cats was followed over a time period of 0.8-11.3 years (median 4.3). Eleven cats (age 0.8-7.8 years, median 4.4) did not show signs according to the owners. In 14 cats (age 0.1-5 years, median 1.7) the owners noted lethargy (10), diarrhoea (seven), pale mucous membranes (six), inappetence (six), poor coat quality (six), weight loss (four), icterus (four), and pica (two). Sixteen cats had been used for breeding at least once before diagnosis. Laboratory abnormalities included anaemia (70%), increased aggregated reticulocyte counts (94%), hyperglobulinaemia (80%), hyperbilirubinaemia (53%), and increased liver enzymes (47%). Six of 25 affected cats died (four) or were euthanased (two) at ages ranging from 1.3 to 11.3 years (median 4.1) presumably because of PK-deficiency. These findings emphasise that PK deficiency shows variation in age of onset and severity of signs. As PK-deficient cats can be asymptomatic testing for PK deficiency before breeding is strongly recommended. 相似文献
5.
Yuri ABE Tomokazu TAMURA Shiho TORII Shiho WAKAMORI Makoto NAGAI Kazuya MITSUHASHI Junki MINE Yuri FUJIMOTO Naofumi NAGASHIMA Fumi YOSHINO Yukihiko SUGITA Takushi NOMURA Masatoshi OKAMATSU Hiroshi KIDA Yoshihiro SAKODA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):61-70
In our previous study, we genetically analyzed bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs)
isolated from 2000 to 2006 in Japan and reported that subgenotype 1b viruses were
predominant. In the present study, 766 BVDVs isolated from 2006 to 2014 in Hokkaido,
Japan, were genetically analyzed to understand recent epidemics. Phylogenetic analysis
based on nucleotide sequences of the 5′-untranslated region of viral genome revealed that
766 isolates were classified as genotype 1 (BVDV-1; 544 isolates) and genotype 2 (BVDV-2;
222). BVDV-1 isolates were further divided into BVDV-1a (93), 1b (371) and 1c (80)
subgenotypes, and all BVDV-2 isolates were grouped into BVDV-2a subgenotype (222). Further
comparative analysis was performed with BVDV-1a, 1b and 2a viruses isolated from 2001 to
2014. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of the viral glycoprotein E2
gene, a major target of neutralizing antibodies, revealed that BVDV-1a, 1b and 2a isolates
were further classified into several clusters. Cross-neutralization tests showed that
BVDV-1b isolates were antigenically different from BVDV-1a isolates, and almost BVDV-1a,
1b and 2a isolates were antigenically similar among each subgenotype and each E2 cluster.
Taken together, BVDV-1b viruses are still predominant, and BVDV-2a viruses have increased
recently in Hokkaido, Japan. Field isolates of BVDV-1a, 1b and 2a show genetic diversity
on the E2 gene with antigenic conservation among each subgenotype during the last 14
years. 相似文献
6.
Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli mastitis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kazuhiro Kawai Akira Takeda Michiaki Yamada Fumi Kayasaki Nao Kondo Yoshiko Sasaki Nahoko Kanai Takuma Mukai Naoki Sawaguchi Masaya Higuchi Haruka Kondo Kouki Sugimoto Akane Yasuda Aiko Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1033-1039
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin (ERFX) as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis. Forty‐two cows with naturally occurring acute E. coli mastitis were enrolled. On the first day of treatment (day 0), empirically selected antibiotics (oxytetracycline: n = 32, kanamycin: n = 10) were administered. Although systemic signs improved in 10 cows (first‐line group), the signs remained unchanged or worsened in 32 cows on day 1, including two cows that were found dead. The 30 surviving cows were randomly assigned to second‐line groups constituting an ERFX group (n = 19) or a control group (n = 11) that was treated with other antibiotics. Response to each treatment was evaluated by measuring clinical signs from day 0 to day 3, subsequent quarter milk recovery, and the 60‐day survival rate. Appetite on day 3 was significantly better in the ERFX group compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the 60‐day survival rate or the subsequent milk recovery between the ERFX group and the control group. Thus, the use of ERFX as a second‐line antibiotic for the treatment of acute E. coli mastitis could induce a rapid appetite recovery. 相似文献
7.
Izawa T Murai F Akiyoshi H Ohashi F Yamate J Kuwamura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(5):697-700
A 6-month-old male miniature pinscher dog developed chronic ascites, formation of fibrous membrane covering the abdominal organs, and numerous adhesions between the intestinal loops. The membrane and adhesions were surgically removed twice, but the dog died 1 month after initial presentation. Necropsy revealed recurrence of the membrane and intestinal adhesions. The fibrous membrane was composed of a thick layer of mature collagenous connective tissue, covered by immature collagenous connective tissue with mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, prominent neovascularization, and fibrin exudation. Similar fibrotic lesions were observed in the serosa of the liver, spleen, stomach and intestines. These findings are consistent with encapsulating peritoneal fibrosis reported in humans and dogs. The dog also had a maldeveloped liver, which is characterized by disorganized hepatic lobules and disarranged hepatic cords. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT: Recent advances in the functional morphology of chloride cells in killifish Fundulus heteroclitus , a euryhaline teleost with seawater (SW) preference, were reviewed. Immunocytochemical detection of chloride cells with anti-Na+ /K+ -ATPase revealed transitional processes of the chloride cell distribution during early life stages. Chloride cells first appear in the yolk-sac membrane at an early embryonic stage, followed by their appearance in the body skin in the later embryonic stages. The principal site for the chloride cell distribution then shifts from the yolk-sac membrane and body skin during embryonic stages to the gills and opercular membrane in larval and later developmental stages. Morphologically distinct SW- and freshwater (FW)-type chloride cells were identified in adult killifish adapted to SW and FW, respectively. Both types of chloride cells are equally active in the two environments, but exert different ion-transporting functions. Following direct transfer of killifish from SW to FW, SW-type chloride cells were transformed into FW-type cells as a short-term response, followed by the promotion of chloride cell replacement as a long-term response. In killifish acclimated to low NaCl (0.1 mM) FW, intense immunoreactivity for vacuolar-type proton pump (V-ATPase) was detected in the basolateral membrane of FW-type chloride cells, whereas the immunoreactivity was much weaker in fish acclimated to FW with higher NaCl concentrations (1.0 and 10.0 mM). These results suggest the occurrence of active ion absorption in FW-type chloride cells and the involvement of V-ATPase in ion-absorbing mechanisms. In view of recent advances in this field, future chloride cell research should be considered in relation to the functional diversity of chloride cells. 相似文献
9.
Peter Lee Akihiro Mori Marcia Coradini Nobuko Mori Fumi Sagara Ichiro Yamamoto Jacquie S. Rand Toshiro Arai 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(2):221-227
Australian Burmese cats are predisposed to diabetes mellitus and, compared to other breeds, have delayed triglyceride clearance that may result in subtle changes within cells and tissues that trigger specific alterations in gene expression within peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). Expression of genes involved in energy metabolism (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase), lipogenesis (ATP citrate lyase [ACL], fatty acid synthase [FAS] and sterol regulatory binding protein-1c [SREBP-1c]), and insulin signalling (insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase), as well as cholesterol lipoprotein subfraction profiling were carried out on PBLs from lean Burmese cats and compared with similar profiles of age and gender matched lean and obese Australian domestic shorthaired cats (DSHs) in an attempt to identify possible biomarkers for assessing obesity.For the majority of the genes examined, the lean Burmese cats demonstrated similar PBL gene expression patterns as age and gender matched obese Australian DSH cats. Lean Burmese had increased expression of ACL and FAS, but not SREBP-1c, a main upstream regulator of lipid synthesis, suggesting possible aberrations in lipogenesis. Moreover, lean Burmese displayed a 3- to 4-fold increase in the very low density cholesterol fraction percentage, which was double that for obese DSH cats, indicating an increased degree of lipid dysregulation especially in relation to triglycerides. The findings suggest that Burmese cats may have a particular propensity for dysregulation in lipid metabolism. 相似文献
10.
OBJECTIVE: There is an increasing concern of anaemia in Japanese women, but no national trend data has existed to date. We analysed long-term national trends of anaemia in adult women. DESIGN: Secondary analyses of 15 consecutive cross-sectional nationwide surveys conducted during the period 1989-2003. Analyses were based on 5-year intervals (1989-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003). SETTING: Japan. SUBJECTS: The subjects included the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan (NHNS-J) population. Analyses were based on 50 967 non-pregnant/non-lactating women aged 20 years and over, with complete data sets. We stratified subjects into six age groups (20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years and 70+ years), and three age groups (20-49 years, 50-69 years, 70+ years) for analyses on residential areas (metropolitan, cities and towns). RESULTS: Decreases in trends of mean haemoglobin values (intravenous) were significant in all age groups. Changes in the prevalence of anaemia were significant only in women aged 30-39 and 40-49 years. Anaemia (haemoglobin < 12.0 g dl-1) increased from 16.8% to 20.6% in women aged 30-39 years, and from 20.2% to 26.9% in women aged 40-49 years, respectively. Prevalence was highest in women aged 70 years and older in all times, but no significant change was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Haemoglobin values have declined significantly in all ages in the last 15 years. Anaemia was especially significant in women aged 30-39 years and 40-49 years. Our findings suggest that a large number of young women in Japan are at risk of anaemia, so continuous monitoring and controlling efforts of this trend are needed. 相似文献