Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 3 infection in Poll Dorset sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. HAMBLIN  JS SALT  SD GRAHAM  K. HOPWOOD  AM WADE-EVANS 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):622-629

Objective To study the clinical signs following bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 3 infection in Poll Dorset sheep.
Design A clinical and pathological study.
Procedure Twenty Poll Dorset sheep were inoculated with bluetongue virus serotypes 1 or 3, each inoculum having a different passage history. The sheep were examined daily and their clinical appearance and rectal temperatures recorded. Heparinised and non-heparinised blood samples were taken at intervals for virological and serological study. Gross pathological findings were recorded for several sheep at necropsy and tissue samples were collected from three sheep for virological studies.
Results All inoculated sheep developed clinical disease. The clinical signs and gross pathological changes varied considerably but were consistent with damage to the vascular endothelial system. There was a decline in the titres of infectious bluetongue virus and of antigen in tissues collected between 7 and 12 days after infection.
Conclusions The severity of disease was related to the speed of onset and duration of pyrexia and not the development or titre of viraemia. Generally, those animals with sensitive mouths, depression, coronitis, recumbency and reluctance to move were the most debilitated. Whole blood was the most reliable source of infectious virus from acutely and chronically infected and convalescent animals. However, tissue samples particularly spleen, collected from dead or killed animals suffering from either peracute or acute forms of disease were most appropriate for the rapid confirmation of a clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   

Forestry and Land Use near Aberdeen in North-east Scotland     

TULEY  GRAHAM 《Forestry》1987,60(1):135-151

The forests near Aberdeen are described. There has been a gradualincrease in the area covered by trees in the last 40 years butthe rate of change has been slower than in the est of Scotland.The amount of Sitka spruce plantation has increased but Scotspine is still the dominant conifer. Extensive natural birchwoodland exist although most of it is unmanaged. There are nolarge timber using industries near Aberdeen and most timberis processed outside Grampian Region.  相似文献   

Physical and biological consequences of a climate event in the central North Pacific   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

JEFFREY J. POLOVINA  GARY T. MITCHUM  NICK E. GRAHAM  MITCHELL P. CRAIG  EDWARD E. DEMARTINI  ELIZABETH N. FLINT 《Fisheries Oceanography》1994,3(1):15-21

Climatic changes over the North Pacific which began in the mid 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s, and ended by the late 1980s, appear to have altered productivity at various trophic levels in the marine ecosystem in the central North Pacific. The climatic change resulted in increased mixed layer depth and the frequency of deep mixing events, particularly during January-March. A number of biological time series for species ranging from primary to apex levels in the North-western Hawaiian Islands, show corresponding declines in productivity of 30–50% from the early 1980s to the present. We hypothesize that during the early 1980s, increased mixing due to the climate event resulted in greater nutrient input into the euphotic zone and ultimately increased ecosystem productivity. Productivity over a range of trophic levels declined when the climate event ended.  相似文献   

Aeromonas hydrophila B-haemolysin: purification and examination of its role in virulence in 0-group channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)     

R. L. THUNE  MAUREEN C. JOHNSON  T. E. GRAHAM  R. L. AMBORSKI 《Journal of fish diseases》1986,9(1):55-61

Abstract. A single step procedure for purification of B-haemolysin from Aeromonas hydrophila is described which recovered 94% of the haemolytic activity with a sixfold increase in specific activity. Toxicity of haemolysin in 0-group channel catfish was 0–6 mg of purified protein per gram offish. Of six strains of A. hydrophila evaluated for differential toxin production and virulence in 0-group channel catfish, three B-haemolysin-deficient strains were virulent while three B-haemolysin-producing strains were avirulent.  相似文献   

The distribution and importance of cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala (L.)) on winter oilseed rape in England     

C. W. GRAHAM  D. V. ALFORD 《Plant pathology》1981,30(3):141-145

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The View from Washington     

ROBERT E. GRAHAM 《Growth and change》1972,3(2):32-35

The case against a gross state product series is presented by the Associate Director for Regional Economic Analysis of the Commerce Department's Office of Business Economics (which recently changed its name to the Bureau of Economic Analysis). Dr. Graham, the newest member of this journal's editorial board, also provides some glimpses into the kitchen where his office is preparing new data morsels for regional economists.  相似文献   

The growth of young oak trees in shelters   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

TULEY  GRAHAM 《Forestry》1985,58(2):181-195

Shelters are 1.2 m tall plastic tubes which protect trees fromanimal damage and improve growth by creating a ‘greenhouseeffect’ round each tree. After 3 years the mean heightgrowth of sessile oak transplants in shelters was 142 cm comparedwith 45 cm in a mesh guard and 27 cm for unprotected trees andthe average stem volume was 118, 37 and 19 cm³ respectively.There was no difference in growth in a range of sizes of conicaland cylindrical shaped shelters and an 8 cm diameter cylinderis large enough for oak. Other experiments have confirmed thatshelters made from a variety of plastics are equally effectivebut many lack adequate durability. Work continues to developimproved shelters and it appears that for oak a shelter effectfor 2 to 3 years, support for 5 years and deer protection for8 years would be ideal. In 1983/84 about a million shelterswere used in Britain and trials have started in other countries.  相似文献   

Surgical Management of Multiple Congenital Intrahepatic Shunts in Two Dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GERALDINE B. HUNT BVSc  PhD  FACVSc    K. RUTH YOUMANS BVSc  MACVSc    SUSAN SOMMERLAD BVSc  MACVSc    GRAHAM SWINNEY BVSc  MACVSc    ANTHONY NICHOLSON BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVA    LISA MELVILLE BVSc  Diplomate ACVR    KAREN L. HOFFMAN BVSc  MVSc  GRAEME S. ALLAN BVSc  MVSc  Dipiomate ACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(3):262-267

Objective —To present details of an unusual type of portosystemic shunt and its surgical management in two dogs.
Animals —Two young dogs that had a tentative diagnosis of a portosystemic shunt on the basis of clinical signs and serum biochemical abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasonography and contrast portography demonstrated multiple intrahepatic shunts. In both cases, the multiple shunts arose from a single branch of the portal vein.
Outcome—It was possible to locate and attenuate flow through the shunts via a transportal venotomy under conditions of hepatic vascular occlusion. Clinical and biochemical abnormalities resolved after surgery in both dogs. Postoperative sonography revealed complete obliteration of the shunt plexus in one of the dogs.  相似文献   

CONTROL OF INSECTICIDE EXHAUSTION TN SHEEP SHOWERS     

N. P. H. GRAHAM B.V.Sc.    A. N. SINCLAIR B.V.Sc.  W. A. CAVEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1959,35(3):99-100

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Use of Forecasting in Chemical Control of Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae Scop., on Spring-sown Field Beans, Vicia faba L.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M. J. WAY  M. E. CAMMELL  H. J. GOULD  D. V. ALFORD  C. W. GRAHAM  A. LANE  W. I. St. G. LIGHT  J. M. RAYNER  G. D. HEATHCOTE  K. E. FLETCHER  K. SEAL 《Plant pathology》1977,26(1):1-7

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