Genomic prediction for yields,processing and nutritional quality traits in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Ephrem Habyarimana  Bruno Parisi  Giuseppe Mandolino 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):245-252

Current potato breeding approaches are hampered by several factors including costly seed tubers, tetrasomic inheritance and inbreeding depression. Genomic selection (GS) demonstrated interesting results regardless of the ploidy level, and can be harnessed to circumvent these problems. In this work, three GS models were evaluated using 50,107 informative SilicoDArT markers and 11 traits in two values for cultivation and use (VCU) potato trials. Two key breeding problems modelled included predicting the performance of (i) new and unphenotyped clones (cross‐validation) and (ii) a VCU using another as training set (TS). GS models performed comparably. Cross‐validation accuracy was high for D35, D45, DMW and BVAL, in ascending order. Prediction accuracies of the VCUs were highly correlated, but the best prediction was obtained for the smaller VCU using the bigger as TS. Cross‐validation and VCU prediction accuracies were higher when bigger TSs were used. The findings herein indicate that GS can be attractively integrated in potato breeding, particularly in early clonal generations to predict and select for traits with low heritability which would otherwise require more testing years, environments and resources.  相似文献   

Critical Use Exemption for methyl bromide for soil disinfestation: Italy’s experience with the European union process     

M. Lodovica Gullino  Riccardo Savigliano  Giuliana Gasparrini  Corrado Clini 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(4):321-329

Methyl bromide (MB) was phased out on January 1, 2005, and a Critical Use Exemption (CUE) process has been established in order to define the rules for allocating the needed amounts of the fumigant. This paper deals with the effects of the CUE process on Italian horticulture. The actual usage of the amounts of MB allocated to Italy for the year 2005 in the different areas and on the economically most important crops was monitored and critically evaluated. The usage pattern monitored shows that already in the first year after MB phaseout, Italy was able to replace it completely on crops such as zucchini, salad greens, basil and watermelon. However, on crops such as tomato, pepper, melon, eggplant, strawberry, and cut flowers, further work is required in order fully to replace MB. The emerging problems and research needs are discussed briefly.  相似文献   

Assessment of the performance of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae fed with fresh and preserved Pavlova lutheri concentrates     

Emanuele Ponis  René Robert  Giuliana Parisi  Mario Tredici 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(1-2):69-79

The Prymnesiophycea Pavlova lutheriwas produced using a traditional technique (batch mode in carboys) and by an innovative technique (semi-continuous mode in alveolarphotobioreactor). Two experimental feedingtrials were carried out with Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae with freshand preserved (4 °C and 1 °C)P. lutheri concentrates used inmonospecific and bispecific diets, incombination with fresh Chaetoceroscalcitrans forma pumilum. Nodifferences in terms of gross composition andlarval performance were noticed between thefresh algae biomass produced by the twotechniques. The low temperatures allowedpreservation of the nutritionalcharacteristics of the P. lutheri freshculture for the time period considered (27days). The P. lutheri concentratespreserved at 4 °C or 1 °C didnot differ substantially in terms ofnutritional value. Larvae fed a monospecificdiet of P. lutheri, both fresh andpreserved, exhibited a modest growth rate (<2.1 µm day^–1), in some cases notsignificantly different from that observed inthe unfed larvae (the control), and a lowsurvival rate. In contrast, when Chaetoceros calcitrans forma pumilumwas used as a monospecific diet, good growthperformance (>4.5 µm day^–1) and ahigh survival rate (>86%) were observed inlarvae. A substitution of 50% (trial 1) or80% (trial 2) of fresh C. calcitransforma pumilum with the preserved P. lutheri concentrates did not adverselyaffect growth rate or survival of C.gigas larvae.  相似文献   

Human gene expression as a tool to determine horticultural maturity in a bioactive plant (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench)     

Brovelli EA  Rua D  Roh-Schmidt H  Chandra A  Lamont E  Noratto GD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(21):8156-8161

A phenological study was conducted to determine the impact of harvest maturity on the immune-modulating properties of Echinacea purpurea. The aerial parts of this plant were collected during seven stages of development and were assayed for a common botanical marker for this species, cichoric acid. Plants of selected development stages were also assayed for total polysaccharides and compared for their immune-modulating effects on the THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cell line by means of a gene expression study. Although the concentration of cichoric acid did not change significantly during the course of the study, stage 1 (advanced vegetative) had the highest concentration of total polysaccharides and exhibited the most potent induction activity on immune-modulating cytokines such as interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These findings suggest that the use of gene expression may be an effective tool not only to standardize botanical extracts but also to optimize harvest time.  相似文献   

On-site remediation of chromium-contaminated sediments by combination of sediment washing and stabilization with magnesium oxide/limestone mixtures     

Carlos?Wildt  Oriol?Gibert  José?Luis?CortinaEmail author  Giuliana?Coscera 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2004,4(3):184-191

Goal, Scope and Background  The remediation of heavy-metalcontaminated soils and sediments is of significant value to industrial areas around the world. The spread of such pollutants can result in a potential risk of entering the groundwater system and being transported to potential receptors. Leaching techniques can be an effective treatment option for the metal removal from soils and sediments. This approach consists of washing or leaching the contaminated soil with an appropriate reagent and the subsequent treatment of the leaching in an above-ground installation (on-site treatment) where metals can be removed and concentrated into a smaller volume. Among the heavy metals, chromium is a commonly identified soil contaminant, particularly in sites with intensive economic activities including agriculture, industrial, mining and mineral,processing. Objective  The objective of this work was the evaluation and development of a leaching process for the remediation of soils and sediments polluted with chromium at laboratory scale. Chromium soil pollution was generated after the breakdown of a channel containing chromium wastes from a tannery plant. The pollution extension has been estimated to be on the order of thousands of tonnes of soil to be treated, with chromium contents ranging from 500 to 17,000 mg kg^-1 soil. Methods  The whole process investigated in this study integrates three stages; a) chromium leaching from a sediment using a diluted sulphuric acid solution, b) treatment of the leaching effluents with a magnesium oxide/limestone mixture for the precipitation of chromium hydroxide after acidity neutralisation, and c) polishing step to remove the eventual remaining chromium by adsorption onto natural zeolite. The amount of contaminated sediment treated ranged from 0.5 to 2 kg with chromium contents of between 2000 and 17,000 mg kg^-1. Results and Discussion  The paper describes results on the performance of the process and the optimisation of steps including influence of acid sulphuric concentration, chromium removal efficiency as well as alkaline reactive mixture proportions. Effluents from the leaching cells showed a significant decay on the chromium concentration with the increase of leaching runs and a high content of acidity (pH values close to 0.5). The treatment of these effluents in a second cell containing magnesium oxide/ limestone mixtures resulted in a high efficiency in neutralisation of acidity (pH values around 7) and chromium removal (concentrations below 5 mg 1^-1). The passage through a third compartment containing zeolite as an adsorbent decreased the chromium concentration below 0.5 mg 1^-1, Conclusions  From the results obtained on the chromium leaching and immobilisation with magnesium oxide/limestone mixture at a laboratory scale, it could be pointed out that: (a) diluted sulphuric acid solutions (3%) demonstrated a high efficiency on chromium removal from sandy polluted soils on the kilogram scale, (b) mixtures of magnesium oxide/limestone demonstrated a high capacity to neutralise the residual high acidity present on the effluents and to remove chromium by precipitation and (c) between the limestone and caustic magnesia mixtures, those containing more than 60% of caustic magnesia provide the higher efficiency. Recommendation and Outlook  Future work would be directed to the evaluation of the integrated process of leaching and chromium precipitation on column at a scale of 100 to 1000 kg.  相似文献   

Analytic and algorithmic solution of random satisfiability problems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mézard M  Parisi G  Zecchina R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5582):812-815

We study the satisfiability of random Boolean expressions built from many clauses with K variables per clause (K-satisfiability). Expressions with a ratio alpha of clauses to variables less than a threshold alphac are almost always satisfiable, whereas those with a ratio above this threshold are almost always unsatisfiable. We show the existence of an intermediate phase below alphac, where the proliferation of metastable states is responsible for the onset of complexity in search algorithms. We introduce a class of optimization algorithms that can deal with these metastable states; one such algorithm has been tested successfully on the largest existing benchmark of K-satisfiability.  相似文献   

Paucity of genes on the Drosophila X chromosome showing male-biased expression     

Parisi M  Nuttall R  Naiman D  Bouffard G  Malley J  Andrews J  Eastman S  Oliver B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5607):697-700

Sex chromosomes are primary determinants of sexual dimorphism in many organisms. These chromosomes are thought to arise via the divergence of an ancestral autosome pair and are almost certainly influenced by differing selection in males and females. Exploring how sex chromosomes differ from autosomes is highly amenable to genomic analysis. We examined global gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and report a dramatic underrepresentation of X-chromosome genes showing high relative expression in males. Using comparative genomics, we find that these same X-chromosome genes are exceptionally poorly conserved in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. These data indicate that the X chromosome is a disfavored location for genes selectively expressed in males.  相似文献   

Improved detection of Coxiella burnetii in cows milk by immunomagnetic separation and PCR     

Capuano F  Perugini AG  Parisi A  Montagna CO  Nilvetti M  Nilvelli M 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(Z1):279-282

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Occurrence of ɛ-proteobacterial species in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) reared in intensive and rural farms     

J. Revez  M. Rossi  S. Piva  D. Florio  A. Lucchi  A. Parisi  G. Manfreda  R.G. Zanoni 《Veterinary microbiology》2013

In order to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Arcobacter species in caecal contents of rabbits reared in intensive and rural farms, a total of 87 samples from animals belonging to 29 farms were analysed by both cultural and PCR analyses.  相似文献   

Design and Synthesis of Pro-Apoptotic Compounds Inspired by Diatom Oxylipins     

Giovanna Romano  Emiliano Manzo  Gian Luigi Russo  Giuliana d’Ippolito  Adele Cutignano  Maria Russo  Angelo Fontana 《Marine drugs》2013,11(11):4527-4543

Oxylipins are a large and diverse family of fatty acid derivatives exhibiting different levels of oxidation of the carbon chain. They are involved in many biological functions in mammals, plants and diatoms. In this last group of organisms, they are suggested to play a role in the reproductive failure of copepod predators, showing clear pro-apoptotic effects on newborn nauplii. In this work, these compounds were tested for the ability to induce mitotic arrest in sea urchin embryos. We show for the first time that oxylipins have an increased efficacy in their corresponding methylated form. Natural oxylipins were also used as an inspiration for the rational design and synthesis of stable chemical analogs with apoptotic activity against tumor cell lines. This approach led to the synthesis of the linear C15-ketol (22) that was shown to induce apoptosis in human leukemia U-937 cells. These results are proof of the concept of the use of eco-physiological considerations as a platform to guide the search for novel drug candidates.  相似文献