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1.
P. Annicchiarico L. Pecetti A. Abdelguerfi A. Bouizgaren A.M. Carroni T. Hayek M. M’Hammadi Bouzina M. Mezni 《Field Crops Research》2011
Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) can enhance the economic and environmental sustainability of crop-livestock systems in the western Mediterranean basin, but requires improved adaptation to stressful environments because of a predicted shortage of irrigation water and climate change. This study reports on three-year dry matter yields of five landraces from Morocco, Italy and Tunisia and seven varieties from France, Italy, Australia and USA assessed across 10 agricultural environments of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Italy of which four were rainfed, one was continuously irrigated (oasis management), and five were irrigated but adopted a nine-week suspension of irrigation during summer. Our objectives were targeting cultivars to specific environments, and assisting regional breeding programmes in defining adaptation strategies, genetic resources and opportunities for international co-operation. The crop persisted well in all environments, but environment mean yield was strictly associated (P < 0.01) with annual and spring-summer (April–September) water available. Rainfed cropping implied 42% lower yield with 61% less spring-summer water available relative to irrigation with withheld summer water across three sites hosting both managements. All of these sites showed genotype × management interaction (at least P < 0.10). Cross-over genotype × environment (GE) interaction between top-yielding cultivars occurred across the 10 environments. Total number of harvests (range: 9–23), soil salinity as measured by electrical conductivity (range: 0.20–6.0 dS m−1), and average spring-summer water available (range: 102–932 mm) were selected as significant (P < 0.05) environmental covariates in a factorial regression model explaining 53% of GE interaction variation. This model was exploited for targeting cultivars as a function of site-specific levels of these factors. Its indications agreed largely with those of an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model with two GE interaction principal components. An Italian landrace exhibited specific adaptation to severely drought-prone environments, whereas landraces from north Africa were not adapted to such environments. One Moroccan landrace was specifically adapted to high number of harvests (partly reflecting frequent mowing). One variety selected for salt tolerance, and one Moroccan landrace, were specifically adapted to salt-stress environments. Environment classification as a function of GE interaction effects indicated three groups which may be object of specific breeding: (i) rainfed or irrigated environments featuring limited spring-summer water available (<350 mm), nil or low soil salinity, and moderate to low number of harvests; (ii) salt-stress environments; and (iii) environments characterized by high number of harvests. 相似文献
2.
Hager Blel Noureddine Chatti Raouf Besbes Sarra Farjallah Ali Elouaer Hammadi Guerbej & Khaled Said 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(3):268-275
The Mugilidae family is an important fish group representing a major source for fisheries and aquaculture. In the south Mediterranean bank, no data are available on this fauna, except for some morphological studies on Tunisian samples. In this study, 16 allozymic loci were used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within Tunisian mugilids. The results obtained from Hergla lagoon samples highlight five operational taxonomic unit corresponding to the well‐known species (Liza aurata, Liza ramada, Liza saliens, Chelon labrosus, Mugil cephalus). Several loci appeared to be diagnostic of these species, but in contrast to Greek mugilid samples, we did not find any diagnostic locus fixed differently for the five species. These results can help aquaculture units to identify accurately the mullet species they subsequently use for stocking aquaculture ponds and inland waters. However, species identity represents very important information, as each species has a different growth rate and salinity tolerance. On the other hand, when compared with North Mediterranean Mugilidae analysed until now, Tunisian samples show a genetic differentiation that could be related to different physicochemical conditions between the North and South banks, similar to those recorded in the eastern and western two Mediterranean basins separated by the Siculo‐Tunisian strait. In addition, this study confirms the morphological taxonomy, except for the subdivision of the Liza genus into two sub‐genera. The phylogenetic tree is in agreement with that on Languedoc Mugilidae samples (France), indicating that the subdivision of the Liza genus into two sub‐genera appears to be without any genetic base. 相似文献
3.
A survey of chemical and nutritional characteristics of halophytes plants used by camels in Southern Tunisia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Laudadio V Tufarelli V Dario M Hammadi M Seddik MM Lacalandra GM Dario C 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(2):209-215
The camel (Camelus dromedarius) is well adapted to the utilization of vegetation of low nutritional value in its natural habitat zone, thanks to its aptitude
to vary food and to search plants that are rich in water content and that can make up for its nutritional deficits, particularly
as concerns mineral elements. Therefore, a survey was carried out to determine camels pasture quality, dietary preference
and to characterize the chemical characteristics and nutritional value of different halophytes plants in a region of Southern
Tunisia during spring season. Laboratory analysis were conducted on fourteen vegetable species appertained to seven different
botanical families: Chenopodiaceae, Graminaceae, Tamaricaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Frankeniaceae and Plumbaginaceae. Data obtained indicate an high variability of nutritional content of halophytes plants preferred by camels, specially for
dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions, ash and mineral elements. 相似文献
4.
Atigui Moufida Marnet Pierre-Guy Barmat Ahmed Khorchani Touhami Hammadi Mohamed 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(1):201-206
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This work aims to compare the effects of milking at two vacuum levels (38 and 48 kPa) and three pulsation rates (60, 90, and 120 cpm) on... 相似文献
5.
J. Ghedira J. Jebali Z. Bouraoui M. Banni H. Guerbej H. Boussetta 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(1):101-107
The levels of metallothionein (MT), a biomarker of metal exposure, and of Cd and Cu, known as MT inducers, were investigated
in Sparus aurata intraperitoneally injected with 500 μg/kg of Cu and Cd for 2 days. MT and metal concentrations (Cd and Cu) were determined
in liver, gills and kidney. MT levels were significantly increased in all investigated tissues, with the highest value in
liver of Cu as Cd-treated fishes (3.56-fold and 3.3- fold, respectively). Metal concentrations were statistically different
between all tissues. Highest metal concentrations were in the liver. The higher metal concentrations and MT induction levels
support the main role of MT in metal homeostasis and detoxification. 相似文献
6.
V. Laudadio M. Dario M. Hammadi V. Tufarelli 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1219-1224
Browsing camels have access to different plant species in relation to the kind of pasture they can reach. A study was conducted
in an arid region of Southern Tunisia to determine the dietary preference and forage quality of free ranging camels. Foliage
consisting of leaves from Limonium pruinosum, Retama raetam and Stipa tenacissima, was collected during the dry season to evaluate the chemical characteristics and nutritional value of these browse fodder
species. The dietary preference was studied using 15 adult camels which were selected from a herd of 50 animals appropriately
marked for identification. There was a significant difference in the chemical composition and nutritional value of plant species
collected. Based on crude protein (CP) content and nutritional value, the three fodder species browsed can be recommended
as good-quality food source for camels under pastoral management. 相似文献
7.
Expression of phytoplasma‐induced witches’ broom disease symptoms in acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees is affected by climatic conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. G. Al‐Ghaithi A. M. Al‐Sadi M. S. Al‐Hammadi R. M. Al‐Shariqi R. A. Al‐Yahyai I. H. Al‐Mahmooli C. M. Carvalho S. L. Elliot S. A. Hogenhout 《Plant pathology》2017,66(8):1380-1388
Witches’ broom disease (WBD), caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, is a serious disease of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) in Oman and the UAE. However, little is known about the distribution of phytoplasma and the expression of WBD symptoms in different geographical locations. A survey was carried out in 18 districts in Oman and the UAE covering 143 orchards and 5823 acid lime trees. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ was detected in acid lime in all the 18 surveyed districts. However, the development of typical symptoms of WBD was only observed in 12 districts. Districts in which the phytoplasma was present but symptoms were not expressed were located either in desert areas or in areas characterized by semitropical conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of 16 phytoplasma isolates from trees developing WBD symptoms and six phytoplasma isolates from trees with no WBD symptoms showed that all isolates share an identical 16S rRNA sequence, belonging to subgroup II‐B. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that the concentration of phytoplasma is significantly higher (8800–801 000 copies) in leaves developing WBD symptoms compared to 2–268 copies in symptomless leaves from the same trees and 8–874 copies in acid lime trees from areas where disease symptoms were not expressed. The lack of expression of WBD symptoms under certain environmental conditions may suggest that symptom development and phytoplasma are affected by certain unfavourable environmental conditions. These findings could provide a basis for managing WBD through encouraging lime cultivation under climatic conditions less conducive to WBD symptom expression. 相似文献
8.
Naziha Ayeb Margherita Addis Myriam Fiori Naziha Atti Ahmed Barmat Mohamed Hammadi Hager Boukhris Chokri Damergi Touhami Khorchani 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(6):1637-1645
The valorization of natural resources in small ruminants feeding can reduce the cost of feed and produce good meat quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of local feed resources on the physico‐chemical aspects, the sensorial characteristics and the fatty acid profile of goat kid's meat. Twenty‐six kids are divided in three groups (average body weight = 15.85 kg; age = 4 months). The groups received oat hay (group control C), dried olive leaves + dried Stipa tenacissima (group OL) or grass hay (group Ko). The animals were slaughtered after 90 days of experience, with an approximate final live weight of 18.5 kg. Total solids, pH, fat, crude protein, vitamin, cholesterol and fatty acid contents of meat were determined. The OL group had the highest ultimate pH (6.82 vs. 6.73); cooking loss, gross composition (total solids, protein and fat), cholesterol and colour coordinates (L, a* and b*) were similar among groups. The vitamin E, affected by diet, was higher in group OL than the other groups (3.71 mg/kg vs. 1.32 and 2.17 mg/kg, respectively, for C and Ko groups). Moreover, meat from this group showed the highest saturated fatty acid. Unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in the meat of C and Ko groups. On the other side, polyunsaturated fatty acid level was not affected by the diet treatment. The n6/n3 ratio was significantly affected by the diet; it was lower in meat of groups Ko and OL (3.17 and 3.38 respectively). The feeding effect on sensory quality of meat was not significant. 相似文献
9.