Improved performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae following enhancement of live feed using a fish protein hydrolysate     

J. Johannsdottir  H.L. Heimisdottir  K. Hakonardottir  L. Hrolfsdottir  A. Steinarsson  A.K. Imsland  H. Thorarensen  A.B. Bergsson  R. Bjornsdottir 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(3):314-323

High larval mortalities and anatomical deformities are among the major obstacles restricting the development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) aquaculture. The immune system of cod larvae is poorly developed at hatch, and innate immune parameters are therefore of importance for defence against environmental microorganisms. Two separate experiments were conducted with bioencapsulation of the live feed of cod larvae using a pollock (Pollachius virens) protein hydrolysate. Offering peptide enhanced live feed to larvae during the first weeks of exogenous feeding promoted larval development, with reduced incidence of severe deformities to 3.0% as compared with 9.6% deformities observed in the control group at 160 days posthatch. The production and distribution of IgM and lysozyme were furthermore increased in larvae fed peptide enhanced feed compared with control larvae. IgM was predominantly detected in the foregut and the epithelial lining of the digestive tract as well as in the epidermal mucus of the skin. Lysozyme was mainly detected in the epidermal mucus of the skin and in the foregut. Overall, the results indicate that live feed enhancement using a protein hydrolysate derived from pollock may reduce deformities and promote normal development during early production stages of cod larvae.  相似文献   

Electronic monitoring in fisheries: Lessons from global experiences and future opportunities     

Aloysius T.M. van Helmond  Lars O. Mortensen  Kristian S. Plet‐Hansen  Clara Ulrich  Coby L. Needle  Daniel Oesterwind  Lotte Kindt‐Larsen  Thomas Catchpole  Stephen Mangi  Christopher Zimmermann  Hans Jakob Olesen  Nick Bailey  Heidrikur Bergsson  Jrgen Dalskov  Jon Elson  Malo Hosken  Lisa Peterson  Howard McElderry  Jon Ruiz  Johanna P. Pierre  Claude Dykstra  Jan Jaap Poos 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(1):162-189

Since the beginning of the 21st century, electronic monitoring (EM) has emerged as a cost‐efficient supplement to existing catch monitoring programmes in fisheries. An EM system consists of various activity sensors and cameras positioned on vessels to remotely record fishing activity and catches. The first objective of this review was to describe the state of play of EM in fisheries worldwide and to present the insights gained on this technology based on 100 EM trials and 12 fully implemented programmes. Despite its advantages, and its global use for monitoring, progresses in implementation in some important fishing regions are slow. Within this context, the second objective was to discuss more specifically the European experiences gained through 16 trials. Findings show that the three major benefits of EM were as follows: (a) cost‐efficiency, (b) the potential to provide more representative coverage of the fleet than any observer programme and (c) the enhanced registration of fishing activity and location. Electronic monitoring can incentivize better compliance and discard reduction, but the fishing managers and industry are often reluctant to its uptake. Improved understanding of the fisher's concerns, for example intrusion of privacy, liability and costs, and better exploration of EM benefits, for example increased traceability, sustainability claims and market access, may enhance implementation on a larger scale. In conclusion, EM as a monitoring tool embodies various solid strengths that are not diminished by its weaknesses. Electronic monitoring has the opportunity to be a powerful tool in the future monitoring of fisheries, particularly when integrated within existing monitoring programmes.  相似文献