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The durability of Akoya pearls is closely related to the mechanical strength of the nacre. Therefore, obtaining information about the mechanical strength of the nacre is very important in the quality control of pearls. The nacre of Akoya pearls is composed of aragonite contained within an organic matrix. The presence of the organic matrix provides mechanical strength and fracture toughness much higher than that of monolithic aragonite. In this study, we investigated the hardness and delamination strength of Akoya cultured pearls classified into four levels by “Gray Value (GV)”, a score given by a non-destructive inspection method based on UV fluorescence intensity that provides an indication of the condition of the nacre’s organic components. Pearl hardness decreased significantly with decreasing GV. Furthermore, delamination strength of the pearl surface layer was very low when the GV was very low. These results suggest that the GV indirectly represents the mechanical strength of the nacre and could be used as a non-destructive quality-control method to maintain the quality of pearls used as jewelry.
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Effect of soybean husk supplementation on the fecal fermentation metabolites and microbiota of dogs 
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下载免费PDF全文 In vitro fermentation and in vivo feeding experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of soybean (Glycine max) husk on the fecal fermentation metabolites and microbiota of dogs. An in vitro fermentation study using feces from three Toy Poodle dogs (6.5 ± 3.5 months in age and 2.9 ± 0.4 kg in body weight) revealed that the fecal inoculum was able to ferment soybean husk (supplemented at 0.01 g/mL culture) and increased levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and Bifidobacterium, irrespective of pre‐digestion of the husk by pepsin and pancreatin. In a feeding experiment, four Shiba dogs (7–48 months in age and 7.5 ± 1.7 kg in body weight) fed a commercial diet supplemented with 5.6% soybean husk showed an increase in SCFA, such as acetate and butyrate, and lactate, and a decrease in indole and skatole in the feces compared to those fed a 5.6% cellulose diet. Real‐time PCR assay showed that soybean husk supplementation stimulated the growth of lactobacilli, Clostridium cluster IV including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Bacteroides‐Prevotella‐Porphyromonas group but inhibited the growth of Clostridium cluster XI. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that soybean husk supplementation improves gastrointestinal health through optimization of beneficial organic acid production and increase of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, soybean husk is suggested to be applicable as a functional fiber in the formulation of canine diets. 相似文献
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Matsuzaki Yuichi Uda Yukie Harada Toshiyuki Iwahashi Fukumatsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(5):318-324
Journal of General Plant Pathology - Metyltetraprole is a novel quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide designed to avoid cross-resistance in cytochrome b G143A-harboring QoI-resistant... 相似文献
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Patulin (PAT) is a fungal secondary metabolite and exhibits various toxicities including DNA damage and oxidative stress. These toxicities are eased by ascorbic acid (AsA). Although a number of studies regarding the mitigating effect of AsA against PAT toxicity have been reported, a comprehensive study about gene expressions is currently underway. Here, we carried out a detailed evaluation of PAT toxicity by co-incubation with AsA using the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mutant. DNA microarray results extracted the alterations in iron transporter and Fe/S cluster assembly genes; some of the genes that constitute the cellular iron transporter systems remained dysfunctional even in the presence of AsA. Meanwhile, AsA treatment reduced the alterations of G1/S phase cell cycle regulation genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress-derived DNA damage still exists, although AsA treatment effectively reduces PAT toxicity. This implies that a combined condition is required for complete blockade of PAT toxicity. 相似文献
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Makoto Iwahashi Yasunori Tachibana Yasusada Ohta 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):441-449
Abstract Accumulation of Ca, Mg, K and Na in each individual leaf, petiole and stem of the cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Kasairaku) was investigated in relation to the growth of these organs under water culture condition. Growth of each individual organ followed a sigmoidal curve showing two distinctive phases, the exponential and stationary phases. Accumulation patterns of these major cations showed a elose relationship with the growth characteristics of the organs. 1) Leaf Although the rate of accumulation of the cations declined during the stationary phase of growth, both Ca and Na accumulated in all the leaves throughout the whole period of growth. A higher Ca content was observed in the older leaves while the younger leaves showed a higher Na content. Mg and K accumulated during the exponential phase, whereas no appreciable accumulation was observed during the stationary phase. 2) Petiole and stem. Accumulation of Ca, Mg and Na continued throughout the whole period of growth. No deeline in the rate of accumulation of these cations was observed during the stationary phase unlike in the leaf, whereas K accumulation was observed only during the exponential phase of growth, as in the leaf. All three organs showed that the content of these cations in each individual organ decreased during the exponential phase of growth. The rate of decrease was greater in younger organs than in older ones. 相似文献
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