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Abstract. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is reported for the first time in sea-water cultured rainbow trout. Heavy mortalities with typical signs and lesions A VHS virus (serotype 1) was isolated from the diseased fish. The mortalities were caused only by the VHS virus and 80 days post transfer of trout to sea-water the mortalities reached 85%, of the initial population.
The disease was experimentally transmitted to rainbow trout, both in sea-water 3·104 pfu/ml of virus or by intramuscular injection of various doses of VHS1 (7·101 7·104 or 7·104 pfu per fish). Death occurred in all infected groups and started earlier in sea-water. Typical signs of VHS were observed in moribund fish. Viral multiplication was demonstrated to have occurred in fish organs. 相似文献
The disease was experimentally transmitted to rainbow trout, both in sea-water 3·10
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Abstract. Infection trials using two serotypes of VHS viruses (type 1 and 23/75) demonstrated that Atlantic salmon fry were susceptible to the disease when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 103 pfu of virus/fish but resistant to infection by a bath method when exposed for 3 h in water containing 5 × 104 pfu of virus/ml. In the i.p.-infected fish, mortality reached 78 and 67% within 13 days with VHSV1 nad 23/75 serotypes, respectively. High virus yields were recovered from infected fish and virus shedding was demonstrated by the onset of VHS in rainbow trout kept in the outflow water from the aquaria containing infected salmon. Neither mortality nor virus shedding occurred in salmon infected by the water route but virus multiplication was demonstrated in 2 of 60 fish with VHSV1 and 3 of 60 fish with virus 23/75. On day 79 post-infection the sera from surviving salmon of both i.p. and bath infection trials exhibited good neutralizing titres (around 1000) against the homologous viruses. 相似文献
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SUSANNE K. LAUER EMMA S. DAVIES GISELLE HOSGOOD JEANNETTE CREMER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(1):97-103
Quantitative ultrasound allows noninvasive assessment of cortical bone density. Potential applications include monitoring of fracture healing, rehabilitation, and skeletal diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine the three most accessible portals to obtain speed of sound measurements of the radius and tibia with an Omnisense multisite quantitative ultrasound device and to determine probe-dependent intra- and interoperator variability for speed of sound measurements of the radius and tibia in six healthy hounds. The radius was most accessible at the cranial proximal metaphysis, the cranial middiaphysis, and medial distal metaphysis. Speed of sound measurements were possible at these sites on the radius with acceptable intra- and interoperator variation (1.6–4.6%). Measurements differed significantly when performed with different probes at the cranial proximal radial metaphysis. The tibia was most accessible at the cranial proximal metaphysis, the medial middiaphysis, and medial distal metaphysis. The medial middiaphyseal and mediodistal tibial sites allowed measurements with lowest intra- and interoperator variation (<3.5%). A smaller probe allowed tibial measurements with lowest interoperator variation. Measurements did not differ significantly at each tibial site when different probes were used. Measurements did not differ significantly between observers when measuring with the same probe at each specific site on radius and tibia. A medium-size probe allowed for most time-efficient measurements and the least number of failed measurements on the radius and tibia. Speed of sound can be consistently measured by different observers on the radius and tibia in healthy hounds. 相似文献
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