Impact of weather variables and season on sporulation of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae     

Stuart Fraser  Mireia Gomez‐Gallego  Judy Gardner  Lindsay S. Bulman  Sandra Denman  Nari M. Williams 《Forest Pathology》2020,50(2)

Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae are the causal agents of important needle diseases on Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases, making the development of control strategies challenging. To investigate the seasonality and climatic drivers of sporulation, inoculum traps, consisting of pine fascicles floating on water in plastic containers, were exchanged fortnightly at five sites in P. radiata plantations between February 2012 and December 2014. Sections of needle baits were plated onto selective media and growth of Phytophthora pluvialis and P. kernoviae recorded. To explore the generalizability of these data, they were compared to detection data for both pathogens from the New Zealand Forest Health Database (NZFHDB). Further, equivalent analyses on infection of Rhododendron ponticum by P. kernoviae in Cornwall, UK allowed the comparison of the epidemiology of P. kernoviae across different host systems and environments. In New Zealand, inoculum of P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was detected between January–December and March–November, respectively. Inoculum of both species peaked in abundance in late winter. The probability of detecting P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was greater at lower temperatures, while the probability of detecting P. pluvialis also increased during periods of wet weather. Similar patterns were observed in NZFHDB data. However, the seasonal pattern of infection by P. kernoviae in the UK was the opposite of that seen for sporulation in New Zealand. Phytophthora kernoviae was likely limited by warmer and drier summers in New Zealand, but by colder winter weather in the UK. These results emphasize the importance of considering both environmental drivers and thresholds in improving our understanding of pathogen epidemiology.  相似文献   

Eastern equine encephalitis in a flock of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae).     

T N Tully  S M Shane  R P Poston  J J England  C C Vice  D Y Cho  B Panigrahy 《Avian diseases》1992,36(3):808-812

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed in a flock of emus in southeastern Louisiana. The outbreak involved juvenile and adult breeders ranging in age from 20 to 36 months, with an attack rate of 76% and a case fatality rate of 87%. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation and characterization of the viral agent, and by detection of EEE antibody in two recovered emus. High mortality was preceded by marked depression, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and emesis of blood-stained ingesta. On postmortem examination, hemorrhagic enteritis and multiple petechia of viscera were observed. Microscopic changes included severe necrosis of hepatocytes, intestinal mucosa, and necrotizing vasculitis of the spleen and lamina propria of the intestine. No nervous system lesions were observed. This outbreak occurred concurrently with EEE in horses and was attributed to unseasonably heavy rainfall with an abundance of arthropod vectors and proximity to free-living reservoir host species.  相似文献   

Sedative and cardiovascular effects of romifidine, alone and in combination with butorphanol, in the horse   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

K. W. Clarke  G. C. W. England  L. Goossens 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1991,18(1):25-29

The behavioural and sedative effects of intravenous (iv) romifidine (40 and 80 μg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) alone or in combination with iv butorphanol (50 μg/kg bwt) were investigated in four ponies and one Thoroughbred horse. Apparent sedation, as judged by the lowering of the head, and by the response to imposed touch, visual and sound stimuli was assessed. The combination with butorphanol reduced the animals' response to imposed stimuli when compared with the effect of the same dose of romifidine alone. Following the administration of romifidine/butorphanol combinations muzzle tremor was noted and some animals attempted to walk forward. In a separate series, the cardiopulmonary effects of iv romifidine (80 μg/kg bwt) alone, or in combination with butorphanol (50 μg/kg bwt) were investigated. Romifidine and the romifidine/butorphanol combination caused similar cardiovascular changes, these being bradycardia with heart block, and hypertension followed by hypotension. Romifidine caused a transient decrease in arterial oxygen tensions and arterial carbon dioxide tensions had increased significantly by the end of the 90 min recording period. Romifidine/butorphanol combinations produced significantly higher arterial carbon dioxide tensions during the first 15 mins after drug administration than did romifidine alone. Butorphanol at 50 μg/kg bwt iv reduced the response to imposed stimuli in horses sedated with romifidine. The combination produced no cardiovascular changes beyond those induced by romifidine alone, but did increase the degree of respiratory depression.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the testosterone response to hCG and the identification of a presumed anorchid dog     

G. C. W. England  W. Edward Allen  D. J. Porter 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(8):441-443

A two-year-old dog was presented with no scrotal testes. There was no history of castration but at laparotomy no testes were found. To confirm that the dog was truly anorchid a human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation test was performed. This was then validated in normal entire and castrated dogs.  相似文献   

Precocene II metabolism: Comparative in vivo studies among several species of insects,and structure elucidation of two major metabolites     

B.J. Bergot  K.J. Judy  D.A. Schooley  L.W. Tsai 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1980,13(2):95-104

Several species of insects, exhibiting varying responsiveness to the juvenile hormone antagonist precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene), were challenged topically with a tritiated preparation of the title compound. Metabolism of [³H]precocene II was subsequently examined by withdrawing hemolymph samples from treated animals at appropriate time intervals and characterizing the extractable radiolabel chromatographically. Quantitative (or qualitative) differences observed between the respective metabolic profiles were found not correlative with specimen sensitivity to precocene. Production of two heretofore unreported metabolites, identified by spectral and chemical means as O-β-glucosides of 6- and 7-monodemethylated precocene II, was demonstrated in both sensitive and insensitive species. No evidence for the presence of a hemolymphborne, biologically effective “activated metabolite” produced in vivo by precocene-susceptible insects could be found. The latter finding may well argue for in situ bioactivation of precocene at the target tissue(s) by these sensitive insects.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor: Do we have to redefine lameness in the era of quantitative gait analysis?          下载免费PDF全文

A. P. Bathe  C. E. Judy  S. Dyson 《Equine veterinary journal》2018,50(2):273-273

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Pyogranuloma caused by Mycobacterium asiaticum infection in a steer.     

Jane Oakey  Judy Forbes-Faulkner  Christopher Gilpin  Bronwyn Murdoch  Steven Johnson 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(4):378-382

In 2003, a steer carcass was condemned at a Central Queensland abattoir because of metastatic tumors. In addition, a granulomatous lesion was found in the mediastinal lymph node. Histological examination showed this to be a pyogranuloma, typically associated with Rhodococcus or the Nocardia/Streptomyces group. However, in this case, the only etiological agent was an acid-fast bacillus, which would normally be associated with a more fibrous lesion. A number of nucleic acid-based techniques were used, and the isolate was identified as Mycobacterium asiaticum. This organism is a rarely encountered opportunistic pathogen of humans, associated with subtropical climates. This is the first report of this organism causing infection in cattle. The similarities between this case and cases of human disease are discussed.  相似文献   

The economic impact of a fertility control and herd management program on a dairy farm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R C Herschler  C Miracle  B Crowl  T Dunlap  J W Judy 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1964,145(7):672-676

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Radioactive gold in the treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinoma of cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W C Banks  R B England 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1973,163(7):745-748

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Osteomyelitis of the pelvis caused by Rhodococcus equi in a two-year-old horse     

Clark-Price SC  Rush BR  Gaughan EM  Cox JH 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(7):969-72, 952-3

A 2-year-old female Quarter Horse was evaluated for hind limb lameness, fever (40 degrees C [104 degrees F]), and lethargy of 2 weeks' duration. Hypoproteinemia characterized by hypoalbuminemia and hyperfibrinogenemia was detected. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the right dorsal colon wall. Treatment was instituted for putative right dorsal coliis. Lameness evaluation localized signs of pain to the lumbar vertebrae or pelvis. Radiography performed with the horse standing and nuclear scintigraphy revealed no abnormalities. Ventrodorsal pelvic radiography revealed a focal area of bony lysis and proliferation involving the cranial portion of the pubic symphysis. Aspiration yielded purulent exudate containing Rhodococcus equi, which was susceptible to erythromycin. Treatment included surgical debridement of the abscess and oral administration of erythromycin and rifampin. The horse's hind limb lameness completely resolved within 20 days. Infections of the pubic symphysis should be considered when lameness localized to the pelvis is associated with fever and an inflammatory leukogram.  相似文献