Calcification of the intervertebral discs and curvature of the radius and ulna: a radiographic survey of Finnish miniature dachshunds     

Lappalainen A  Norrgård M  Alm K  Snellman M  Laitinen O 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(2):229-236

The vertebral column of 124 randomly selected miniature dachshunds, representing 4.5% of the population registered by the Finnish Kennel Club during the years 1988 to 1996, were radiographed. The front legs were also radiographed in order to evaluate the curvature of the radius and ulna. Calcified discs were found in 75.9% of the longhaired miniature dachshunds and in 86.7% of the wirehaired ones. The occurrence of signs associated with IDD was 16.5% in longhaired and 15.6% in wirehaired miniature dachshunds. The occurrence of signs of IDD in dogs with calcified discs was 20.0% and 17.9% in longhaired and wirehaired miniature dachshunds, respectively. In dogs without calcifications only one dog showed signs of IDD. The curvature of the radius and the ulna did not differ between the dogs with signs of IDD and the healthy ones, or between the dogs with and without intervertebral calcifications. Our results indicate that radiographic eradication based on the presence of intervertebral calcifications is not suitable for breeding purposes for the Finnish miniature dachshund population because the percentage of dogs without calcifications is small.  相似文献   

Variations in phenology and growth of European white birch (Betula pendula) clones     

Rousi M  Pusenius J 《Tree physiology》2005,25(2):201-210

Phenology can have a profound effect on growth and climatic adaptability of northern tree species. Although the large interannual variations in dates of bud burst and growth termination have been widely discussed, little is known about the genotypic and spatial variations in phenology and how these sources of variation are related to temporal variation. We measured bud burst of eight white birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones in two field experiments daily over 6 years, and determined the termination of growth for the same clones over 2 years. We also measured yearly height growth. We found considerable genetic variation in phenological characteristics among the birch clones. There was large interannual variation in the date of bud burst and especially in the termination of growth, indicating that, in addition to genetic effects, environmental factors have a strong influence on both bud burst and growth termination. Height growth was correlated with timing of growth termination, length of growth period and bud burst, but the relationships were weak and varied among years. We accurately predicted the date of bud burst from the temperature accumulation after January 1, and base temperatures between +2 and -1 degrees C. There was large clonal variation in the duration of bud burst. Interannual variation in bud burst may have important consequences for insect herbivory of birches.  相似文献   

Non-destructive evaluation of checking in thermally modified timber     

Laura Tomppo  Markku Tiitta  Reijo Lappalainen 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(2):227-238

Non-destructive measurement techniques were used to study the characteristics of thermally modified timber (TMT), especially checking. Two non-destructive measurement techniques were evaluated: air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In the studied TMT (N = 38), density and pith location in the cross-section were positively correlated with the number of checks in the cross-section. Several ultrasound signal features correlated with TMT characteristics, most strongly with number of checks. Severely checked samples and other samples were considered as two different classes of checking, and the potential of ultrasound for differentiating between the two classes was tested by using Bayesian classification method. The correct classification rate was 97 %. EIS parameters correlated with density and latewood content of TMT more strongly than the ACU parameters. Thus, for determination of checking and density or earlywood/latewood content, both EIS and ACU measurements are recommended.  相似文献   

Temperature responses of NO and N₂O emissions from boreal organic soil     

Hannu T. Koponen  Claudia Escudé Duran  Jyrki Hytönen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(7):1779-1787

Both NO and N₂O are produced in soil microbial processes and have importance in atmospheric physics and chemistry. In recent years several studies have shown that N₂O emissions from organic soils can be high at low temperatures. However, the effects of low temperature on NO emissions from soil are unknown. We studied in laboratory conditions, using undisturbed soil cores, the emissions of NO and N₂O from organic soils at various temperatures, with an emphasis on processes and emissions during soil freezing and thawing periods. We found no soil freezing- or thawing-related emission maxima for NO, while the N₂O emissions were higher both during soil freezing and thawing periods. The results suggest that different factors are involved in the regulation of NO and N₂O emissions at low temperatures.  相似文献   

Long-term response of weed control intensity on Scots pine survival, growth and nutrition on former arable land     

Jyrki Hyt?nen  Paula Jylh? 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(1):91-98

The effects of post-planting weed control intensity on the cover and composition of ground vegetation, and on growth, survival and foliar nutrient concentrations of 4-year old bare-rooted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were studied over a 15-year period with experimentation on former arable land. Weed control treatments with terbuthylazine and glyphosate were carried out 1?C3 times during successive years, either as overall or as spot applications. The vegetation cover and the shading effect of vegetation decreased with increasing weed control intensity. The more intensive the weed control was, the better was the afforestation result in terms of tree seedling growth and survival. Overall application repeated three times increased seedling survival by 79 percentage points, and their final height, breast height, diameter, and stand volume after 15 years were increased by 183, 19, 15, and 822%, respectively. Weed control did not affect the foliage nutrient concentrations, except for magnesium. However, increase in weed control intensity was reflected in larger needle size 5 years after planting.  相似文献   

Factors causing temporal and spatial variation in heterotrophic and rhizospheric components of soil respiration in afforested organic soil croplands in Finland     

Päivi Mäkiranta  Kari Minkkinen  Jyrki Hytönen  Jukka Laine 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1592-1600

Partitioning soil respiration (SR) into its components, heterotrophic and rhizospheric respiration, is an important step for understanding and modelling carbon (C) cycling in organic soils. However, no partitioning studies on afforested organic soil croplands exist. We separated soil respiration originating from the decomposition of peat (SR_P), and aboveground litter (SR_L) and root respiration (SR_R) in six afforested organic soil croplands in Finland with varying tree species and stand ages using the trenching method. Across the sites temporal variation in SR was primarily related to changes in soil surface temperature (?5 cm), which explained 71–96% of variation in SR rates. Decomposition of peat and litter was not related to changes in water table level, whereas a minor increase in root respiration was observed with the increase in water table depth. Temperature sensitivity of SR varied between the different respiration components: SR_P was less sensitive to changes in soil surface temperature than SR_L or SR_R. Factors explaining spatial variation in SR differed between different respiration components. Annual SR_P correlated positively with peat ash content while that of SR_L was found to correlate positively with the amount of litter on the forest floor, separately for each tree species. Root respiration correlated positively with the biomass of ground vegetation. From the total soil respiration peat decomposition comprised a major share of 42%; the proportion of autotrophic respiration being 41% and aboveground litter 17%. Afforestation lowered peat decomposition rates. Nevertheless the effect of agricultural history can be seen in peat properties for decades and due to high peat decomposition rates these soils still loose carbon to the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Thoracic high resolution CT using the modified VetMousetrap™ device is a feasible method for diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers     

Saila Holopainen  Elina Rautala  Liisa Lilja‐Maula  Hannes Lohi  Minna M. Rajamki  Anu K. Lappalainen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(5):525-532

Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κ_range = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients.  相似文献   

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia in Irish Wolfhounds: Clinical findings and etiological studies     

Sanna J. Viitanen  Anu K. Lappalainen  Ninna M. Koho  Tiina Pessa‐Morikawa  Lorenzo Ressel  Minna M. Rajamki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):846-855

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On-line Analysis of Stack Gas Composition by a Low Resolution FT-IR Gas Analyzer     

Petri T. Jaakkola  Tuula A. Vahlman  Aappo A. Roos  Pekka E. Saarinen  Jyrki K. Kauppinen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,101(1-4):79-92

Stack gases of wood and oil burning boilers were analyzed by a low resolution FT-IR gas analyzer. Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH₄), and water vapor (H₂O) were predicted in real time by multicomponent analysis. Detection limits, linearity, analysis accuracy and long time repeatability were experimentally determined for selected gas components. Applicability of the measurement method was demonstrated by analysis of stack gas mixtures of known concentrations. The results indicate that all the primary stack gas components can be measured by the low resolution FT-IR gas analyzer with comparable results to single component measurement methods.  相似文献   

Worldwide status of burbot and conservation measures     

Martin A Stapanian  Vaughn L Paragamian  Charles P Madenjian  James R Jackson  Jyrki Lappalainen  Matthew J Evenson  & Matthew D Neufeld 《Fish and Fisheries》2010,11(1):34-56

Although burbot ( Lota lota Gadidae) are widespread and abundant throughout much of their natural range, there are many populations that have been extirpated, endangered or are in serious decline. Due in part to the species' lack of popularity as a game and commercial fish, few regions consider burbot in management plans. We review the worldwide population status of burbot and synthesize reasons why some burbot populations are endangered or declining, some burbot populations have recovered and some burbot populations do not recover despite management measures. Burbot have been extirpated in much of Western Europe and the United Kingdom and are threatened or endangered in much of North America and Eurasia. Pollution and habitat change, particularly the effects of dams, appear to be the main causes for declines in riverine burbot populations. Pollution and the adverse effects of invasive species appear to be the main reasons for declines in lacustrine populations. Warmer water temperatures, due either to discharge from dams or climate change, have been noted in declining burbot populations at the southern extent of their range. Currently, fishing pressure does not appear to be limiting burbot populations world-wide. We suggest mitigation measures for burbot population recovery, particularly those impacted by dams and invasive species.  相似文献