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ABSTRACT: The parasite fauna of Mustelus manazo from seven localitiesin Japan and Taiwan was assessed for the feasibility of using parasitesas biological tags for the identification of different host stocks.Examination of 1038 host specimens resulted in 13 parasite speciesrecorded: one nematode, two myxosporeans, two copepods and eightcestodes. Although relatively low overall prevalence of the firstfive species at different localities showed some significant differences,the samples collected in Tokyo Bay bore the lowest similarity (19.2%).These results support previous studies, which suggested the existenceof a unique host stock in Tokyo Bay. Accordingly, combinations ofprevalence data may provide useful information on stock identification.Cestodes probably have the greatest potential for use as biologicaltags. Detailed examination of 25 specimens of M . manazo fromAomori and Tokyo Bay disclosed eight species of intestinal cestodes.A canonical discriminant analysis based on these species separatedthe two localities clearly. 相似文献
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MINORU ICHIHARA HIDEHIRO INAGAKI KAZUO MATSUNO CHIEKO SAIKI MASAYUKI YAMASHITA HITOSHI SAWADA 《Weed Biology and Management》2012,12(3):131-135
The potential impact of postdispersal seed predation by the field cricket, Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi et Matsuura), on the seedling emergence of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a non‐native grass weed in Japan, was determined. The relationship between cricket density and the proportion of seedling emergence was investigated by conducting manipulative experiments in duplicate, using enclosures. One‐thousand seeds of Italian ryegrass were exposed to adult crickets at different densities (zero, one, two, four and eight individuals per 2.25 m2 enclosure) for 2 weeks. The proportion of seedling emergence decreased with increasing cricket density. The proportion of seedling emergence in the enclosures without the crickets was 90.9–97.2%, whereas the seedling emergence in the enclosures with eight crickets greatly decreased, to 0.5–2.5%. These results suggest that postdispersal seed predation by T. emma can substantially decrease the abundance of Italian ryegrass at an early life stage and reduce its population in environments with a high density of crickets. 相似文献
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Spatial patterns in the distribution and abundance of Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, eggs were studied from net surveys in the East China Sea in May 1991. Egg abundance was> 5 × 103 eggs (100 m3)?1 in the area off Changjiang River, where a large spawning ground was developed. The vertical distribution of living eggs showed a maximum concentration at the surface (40700 eggs (100 m3)?1) and rapidly decreased to ～5000 eggs (100 m3)?1 at 14 m. Newly spawned eggs (stage I) were found throughout the water column but were most abundant near surface. Some eggs were morphologically identified as dead owing to their abnormal development and physical damage. In contrast to living eggs, no dead eggs were found at the surface and the concentrations were low to 21 m depth (40–64 eggs (100 m3)?1). The concentration increased markedly with increasing depth, reaching a maximum of 634 eggs (100 m3)?1 near the bottom (35 m). Dead eggs accounted for less than 0.3% of the total caught within 7 m of the surface and increased exponentially to 12% near the bottom. The settling loss of dead anchovy eggs also was studied by employing sediment traps at the spawning ground. The downward flux of settling eggs was low (304–405 eggs m?2 day?1) at 15 and 20 m depths, but rapidly increased with increasing depth, reaching a maximum of 1622 eggs m?2 day?1 at 35 m (5 m above bottom). By comparing the egg flux at 20 m with the living eggs abundance in the upper 20 m, the settling loss of eggs was calculated as about 0.098 day?1. This probably represents the natural mortality of anchovy eggs caused by genetic abnormalities and incomplete fertilization. 相似文献
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使用12个分别持有不同抗病基因（Xa1,Xa2,Xa3,Xa4,Xa5,Xa7,Xa8,Xa10,Xa11,Xa13,Xa14和Xa21）的近等基因系水稻白叶枯病鉴别品种及3个对照品种（IR24，Toyonishiki和Sigadagabo），鉴别了从云南省收集的138个菌株。结果根据致病谱可以将这些菌株分成A－J共10组。A组菌株仅对Toyonishiki和Sigadagabo两个对照品种致病，J组菌株则能对9个鉴别品种和3个对照品种致病。对不同海拔采集的菌株进行致病力分析的结果表明，从大理、武定等较高海拔粳稻种植区采集的菌株致病力较弱，在鉴别品种上病斑的平均长度不到50mm；而元江、景洪、潞西等低海拔杂交稻种植区采集的菌株致病力较强，在鉴别品种上的病斑平均长度超过100mm。从高海拔稻区到低海拔稻区，病菌致病力有逐步增强的趋势。 相似文献
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