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1.
AIM: To develop and validate a simple and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantification of articaine, and its major metabolite articainic acid, in plasma of red deer (Cervus elaphus), and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of articaine hydrochloride and articainic acid in red deer following S/C administration of articaine hydrochloride as a complete ring block around the antler pedicle.METHODS: The LC-MS method was validated by determining linearity, sensitivity, recovery, carry-over and repeatability. Articaine hydrochloride (40?mg/mL) was administered S/C to six healthy male red deer, at a dose of 1?mL/cm of pedicle circumference, as a complete ring block around the base of each antler. Blood samples were collected at various times over the following 12 hours. Concentrations in plasma of articaine and articainic acid were quantified using the validated LC-MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of articaine and articainic acid were estimated using non-compartmental analysis.RESULTS: Calibration curves were linear for both articaine and articainic acid. The limits of quantifications for articaine and articainic acid were 5 and 10?ng/mL, respectively. Extraction recoveries were >72% for articaine and >68% for articainic acid. After S/C administration as a ring block around the base of each antler, mean maximum concentrations in plasma (Cmax) of articaine were 1,013.9 (SD 510.1) ng/mL, detected at 0.17 (SD 0.00) hours, and the Cmax for articainic acid was 762.6 (SD 95.4) ng/mL at 0.50 (SD 0.00) hours. The elimination half-lives of articaine hydrochloride and articainic acid were 1.12 (SD 0.17) and 0.90 (SD 0.07) hours, respectively.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The LC-MS method used for the quantification of articaine and its metabolite articainic acid in the plasma of red deer was simple, accurate and sensitive. Articaine hydrochloride was rapidly absorbed, hydrolysed to its inactive metabolite articainic acid, and eliminated following S/C administration as a ring block in red deer. These favourable pharmacokinetic properties suggest that articaine hydrochloride should be tested for efficacy as a local anaesthetic in red deer for removal of velvet antlers. Further studies to evaluate the safety and residues of articaine hydrochloride and articainic acid are required before articaine can be recommended for use as a local anaesthetic for this purpose. 相似文献
2.
The present study describes an efficient method for in vitro plant regeneration in B. arundinacea through axillary shoot bud proliferation. Nodal explants were excised, cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN) (0.5–5.0 mg l?1) alone and/or in combinations with KIN/BAP (0.5 mg l?1). The highest frequency (91.5 %) of multiple shoot bud induction with maximum number of shoots (85 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium + 3.0 mg l?1 BAP + 0.5 mg l?1 KIN. The regenerated multiple shoots were elongated on MS medium + 4.0 mg l?1 KIN + 2.0 mg l?1 gibberellic acid (GA3) with maximum shoot length (4.9 cm). The elongated shoots were transferred to MS medium containing indole-3 butyric acid (IBA; 0.5–5.0 mg l?1) alone and/or in combination with 0.5 mg l?1 KIN and BAP. Highest frequency of rooting (75 %) was obtained on half-strength MS medium + 2.0 mg l?1 IBA + 0.5 mg l?1 KIN. After hardening, the plantlets were shifted to the green house and subsequently established in the field conditions with 90 % survival rate. random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic stability of the regenerants. RAPD profiles generated from the regenerated plants were found to be monomorphic, similar to the control. Results confirmed that the regenerated plants were true-to-type in nature and the developed micropropagation protocol could be used for large scale plant production of B. arundinacea. 相似文献
3.
Biochemical characterization of amandin,the major storage protein in almond (Prunus dulcis L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sathe SK Wolf WJ Roux KH Teuber SS Venkatachalam M Sze-Tao KW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(15):4333-4341
The almond major storage protein, amandin, was prepared by column chromatography (amandin-1), cryoprecipitation (amandin-2), and isoelectric precipitation (amandin-3) methods. Amandin is a legumin type protein characterized by a sedimentation value of 14S. Amandin is composed of two major types of polypeptides with estimated molecular weights of 42-46 and 20-22 kDa linked via disulfide bonds. Several additional minor polypeptides were also present in amandin. Amandin is a storage protein with an estimated molecular weight of 427,300 +/- 47,600 Da (n = 7) and a Stokes radius of 65.88 +/- 3.21 A (n = 7). Amandin is not a glycoprotein. Amandin-1, amandin-2, and amandin-3 are antigenically related and have similar biochemical properties. Amandin-3 is more negatively charged than either amandin-1 or amandin-2. Methionine is the first essential limiting amino acid in amandin followed by lysine and threonine. 相似文献
4.
M. ThiyagarajanP. Venkatachalam 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):111-117
Stevia rebaudiana is a valuable medicinal plant species and it is being used for the treatment of diabetes. Currently, there is a high demand for raw material of this medicinal herb due to ever increasing diabetes disorder among the population. In order to meet the increased demand an efficient in vitro propagation of S. rebaudiana was established. Nodal explants collected from the field were cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) and KIN (0.5-3.0 mg/l) individually for shoot bud induction. In vitro derived nodal buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/l) of BAP and KIN for multiple shoot bud regeneration. In the second experiment, in vitro derived buds were placed on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) in combination with 0.5 mg/l IAA or IBA or NAA for shoot bud multiplication. The highest frequency (94.50%) of multiple shoot regeneration with maximum number of shoots (15.69 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. For large scale plant production, in vitro derived nodal bud explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP, in which about 123 shoots/explant were obtained after three subcultures on the same media composition. Elongated shoots (>2 cm) dissected out from the in vitro proliferated shoot clumps were cultured on half-strength MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA (0.1-0.5 mg/l) and/or MS medium fortified with various concentrations (0.5-2.0 mg/l) of auxins (NAA, IAA and IBA) for root induction. Highest frequency of rooting (96%) was noticed on half-strength MS medium augmented with 0.4 mg/l NAA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cups containing sand and soil in the ratio of 1:2 and subsequently established in the greenhouse. The present in vitro propagation protocol would facilitate an alternative method for rapid and large-scale production of this important antidiabetic medicinal plant. 相似文献
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6.
Alagarsamy Karthikeyan Anandaraj Madhanraj Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian Manikandan Ramesh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(5):769-782
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting approach was applied to assess genetic diversity in different accessions
of rejuvenating and intellect-promoting ancient ayurvedic medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell collected from four Southern Indian states, along with in vitro micropropagated samples maintained in the laboratory
for 5 years. With the 10 analyzed primers, 110 distinct bands, in the size range of 250–870 bp were observed, and among which
14 (12.72%) were polymorphic. Among the random primers used, only OPD 02 generated highest percentage of polymorphism with
30.77. Whereas OPD 08 generated a maximum of 18 amplified bands, but with only 1% polymorphism. Cluster analysis done on the
basis of similarity co-efficient generated from RAPD profiles indicated all the accessions were divided into two sub-groups
based on genetic distances under one major cluster. Major cluster is only the lone loose group of the Bm.2 collected from
Kerala (KER) and in vitro micropropagated plant (IVMP) maintained in the lab. The other sub-group consisted of Bm.1 and Bm.3
collected from Tamil Nadu (TN) and Andhra Pradesh (AP) respectively, which are genetically similar and showed similarity with
accessions from Karnataka Bm.4 (KK). These two sub-groups were joined together at 0.66 genetic distance level. Overall, the
levels of genetic similarity within the accessions varied from 0.24 to 0.80, the matrix ranged from 0.36 to 0.80, with a mean
value of 0.68 indicating genetic similarity at low level. 相似文献
7.
Quantification of seasonal sediment and phosphorus transport dynamics in an agricultural watershed using radiometric fingerprinting techniques 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Natalie L. H. Huisman K. G. Karthikeyan Jasmeet Lamba Anita M. Thompson Graham Peaslee 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(10):1724-1734
Purpose
Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for most US Midwestern aquatic systems and, therefore, increases of P, through point or non-point sources (NPS) of pollution such as agriculture, causes eutrophication. Identifying specific NPS contributions (e.g., upland vs. stream channels) for sediments and P is difficult due to the distributed nature of the pollution. Therefore, studies which link the spatial and temporal aspects of sediment and P transport in these systems can help better characterize the extent of NPS pollution.Materials and methods
Our study used fingerprinting techniques to determine sources of sediments in an agricultural watershed (the North Fork of the Pheasant Branch watershed; 12.4 km2 area) in Wisconsin, USA, during the spring, summer, and fall seasons of 2009. The primary sources considered were uplands (cultivated fields), stream bank, and streambed. The model used fallout radionuclides, 137Cs, and 210Pbxs, along with total P to determine primary sediment sources. A shorter-lived fallout radioisotope, 7Be, was used to determine the sediment age and percent new sediments in streambed and suspended sediment samples (via the 7Be/210Pbxs ratio).Results and discussion
Upland areas were the primary source of suspended sediments in the stream channels followed by stream banks. The sediment age and percent new sediment for the streambed and suspended sediments showed that the channel contained and transported newer (or more recently tagged with 7Be) sediments in the spring season (9–131 days sediment age), while relatively old sediments (165–318 days) were moving through the channel system during the fall season.Conclusions
Upland areas are the major contributors to in-stream suspended sediments in this watershed. Sediment resuspension in stream channels could play an important role during the later part of the year. Best management practices should be targeted in the upland areas to reduce the export of sediments and sediment-bound P from agricultural watersheds. 相似文献8.
Isolation,purification, and biochemical characterization of a novel water soluble protein from Inca peanut (Plukenetia volubilis L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sathe SK Hamaker BR Sze-Tao KW Venkatachalam M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(17):4906-4908
A water soluble storage albumin from Inca peanut (IPA) accounted for approximately 25% (w/w) of defatted seed flour weight, representing 31% of the total seed protein. IPA is a 3S storage protein composed of two glycosylated polypeptides, with estimated molecular weights (MW) of 32800 and 34800 Da, respectively. IPA has an estimated sugar content of 4.8% +/- 0.92% (n = 6). IPA is a basic protein (pI of approximately 9.4) and contains all of the essential amino acids in adequate amounts when compared to the FAO/WHO recommended pattern for a human adult. The tryptophan content of IPA is unusually high (44 mg/g of protein), whereas the phenylalanine content is low (9 mg/g of protein). IPA is a highly digestible protein in vitro. 相似文献
9.
Brown CM Morrow JK Carleton CL Ramanathan B Reddy R Vaidya V Karthikeyan SM Zulfikar AA Kannadkar VS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):994-997
BACKGROUND: The study reported here was undertaken to assess the presence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in the serum of horses of North American origin that had been relocated for 1 year or more to India (ie, outside of the known endemic areas for S. neurona). HYPOTHESIS: The presence or absence of such antibodies should provide information concerning the persistence of such antibodies, or support the presence of chronic infection, or both. ANIMALS: A total of 228 Thoroughbred horses were sampled in India, of which 86 were of North American origin that had been in India between 1 and 13 years, 124 were Indian-born horses that had never been out of India, 8 were of Irish origin, 8 were of English origin, and 2 were originally from France. METHODS: Sera were tested using established western blot analysis. RESULTS: Of the Indian-born horses, 0.8% were test positive, and of the North American horses, 42% were test positive. All of the English and Irish horses were test negative, and the 2 French horses were test positive. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These data indicate that antibodies against S. neurona can be detected for many years after horses have been removed from an endemic area and that this may be attributable to long half-life of the antibodies or to chronic infection and ongoing antibody production, or both. 相似文献
10.
Karthikeyan K. Kumar A. T. Manish Harshini D. Pooja G. Daniel J. Arul Yasam Pavani Gracevictoria G. Priayanka M. Krishnaraj P. Vidya R. Devi S. Asha Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara Sudhakaran Raja 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(2):989-998
Shrimp farming industries are subjected to severe economic loss due to a disease called white spot syndrome, a viral disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in penaeid shrimp. Numerous active compounds in the market possess anti-viral activity against the white spot syndrome virus, yet the issue remains unsolved. The present study was carried out to determine the anti-viral activity of methyl 1-chloro-7-methyl-2-propyl-1h-benzo[d] imidazole-5-carboxylate (C13H15N2O2Cl) against WSSV. The anti-viral activity of the synthetic compound was determined in freshwater crabs. Crabs were divided into three different experimental groups: healthy control groups (N.C.) received NTE buffer, positive control group (P.C.) crabs received WSSV, and treatment group crabs received WSSV along with synthetic weight compound. Experimental groups were observed for 30 days post-infection. Three different organs (gills, muscles, and head soft tissue (HST)) were dissected from all three groups and analyzed using molecular-based techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and histopathology. Clinical signs of WSSV were observed in the positive and N.C. groups; however, the treatment group showed a 100% survival rate. Confirmation was done using PCR, Western blot, and histopathology. These results demonstrated that the given synthetic compound has significant anti-viral activity against WSSV.
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