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排序方式: 共有62条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kuroishi T Komine K Kai K Itagaki M Kobayashi J Ohta M Kamata S Kumagai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):899-906
To investigate the pathological role of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in bovine mastitis, the production of SEs and TSST-1 was investigated in staphylococci isolated from 120 mammary gland secretions (MGS, 51 from no clinical sign-mammary glands and 69 from staphylococcal mastitic-mammary glands) collected from dairy farms where staphylococcal mastitis frequently occurred in Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures from 1997 to 1998. Concentrations of these toxins and specific antibody titers in each MGS were also measured. Furthermore, SEC and TSST-1 were inoculated into lactating mammary glands and inflammatory responses were analyzed. A high percentage of staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from both no clinical sign- and mastitic-MGS produced both SEC and/or TSST-1. The concentration of SEC increased with the severity of the mastitis, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in acute mastitic-than in no clinical signs-MGS. Titers of specific antibodies to TSST-1 in MGS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to SEC, regardless of whether or not the cows were lactating or mastitic. Specific antibodies purified from MGS neutralized each toxin in vitro. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in somatic cell counts was induced by the intramammary inoculation of SEC but not TSST-1. These findings indicated that SEC rather than TSST-1 plays an important role in the pathology of staphylococcal bovine mastitis. The inflammatory activity of TSST-1 was probably neutralized by specific antibodies in MGS. 相似文献
2.
Yuuki Kawabata Junichi Okuyama Hiromichi Mitamura Kimio Asami Kenzo Yoseda Nobuaki Arai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1147-1154
ABSTRACT: Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish were examined using ultrasonic telemetry. Five hatchery-reared and four wild fish were released in the sandy bottom of Urasoko Bay, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and monitored using automated monitoring receivers from November 2005 to February 2006. Both hatchery-reared and wild fish tended to stay near the release site for over two weeks, before leaving the release site. Both hatchery-reared and wild tuskfish showed diurnal rhythm intermittently; signals were recorded more frequently in the daytime and less frequently in the nighttime, suggesting that the fish of both origins were active during the day and inactive during the night. These findings indicate that the one-year-old hatchery-reared tuskfish have some consistent behavioral characteristics with those of the wild. 相似文献
3.
Either before or after curing their cut surfaces for 5 days, 7 cm- and 15-cm-long decapitated Hylocereus trigonus cuttings were treated by soaking their apical or basal ends in benzyladenine (BA) solution. They were then planted and grown in a greenhouse.For the 7 cm-long cuttings, BA (25–100 mg l?1) applied to the apical ends for 24 h increased the ratio of cuttings with sprouted buds to 64–100%, the number of sprouted buds to 1.9–3.1 and of shoots to 1.6–2.8, and the shoot length to 35–60 mm, compared to the water control which showed 13%, 1.0, 1.0 and 12.5 mm, respectively. Soaking the basal part had only a small effect.Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) applied to the basal ends of cuttings immediately after cutting increased the number of sprouted buds and shoots by inducing early rooting. The number and length of BA-induced axillary shoots in the longer cuttings was greater than those in the shorter ones.In the 15-cm-long cuttings, increasing the soaking time from 5 min to 24 h resulted in a greater promotive effect of BA on shoot formation. BA applied before curing showed the same effect as that given after curing but caused necrosis of the tissue just under the cut surface. Enlarging the area soaked in BA solution from 5 cm to 10 cm decreased the number of sprouting buds and shoots. 相似文献
4.
Takuya Gunji Eiichi Obataya Hidefumi Yamauchi Kenzo Aoyama 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(4):369-372
The effects of a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) overlay on the wooden soundboard of a harp were compared to those of conventional veneer reinforcement with respect to the vibrational properties and bending strength. CFRP reinforcement has a minimal effect on the vibrational properties of the soundboard in its width direction, whereas conventional veneer reinforcement significantly reduces the acoustic conversion efficiency of the soundboard. The CFRP-reinforced soundboard also has sufficient bending strength in its longitudinal direction. These results indicate that CFRP is a promising material for the reinforcement of the wooden soundboards of harps to minimize the reduction of the sound amplitude. 相似文献
5.
The vibrational properties of a harp soundboard were investigated with respect to its multi-layered structure. The surfaces of harp soundboards are usually reinforced with veneer; however, this reduces the specific dynamic Young’s modulus (E′/ρ) and significantly increases the internal friction (Q ?1) of soundboards. Since smaller E′/ρ and greater Q ?1 values impart a smaller acoustic conversion efficiency, the attachment of veneer is predicted to reduce the amplitude of the sound produced, as suggested by harp makers. The vibrational properties of veneer-reinforced wood are elucidated using a multi-layered model comprising base wood, a glue layer, veneer and a varnish layer. The results of calculations suggest that a thinner veneer attached with minimal glue would increase the sound amplitude. 相似文献
6.
Interannual variability of net ecosystem production for a broadleaf deciduous forest in Sapporo, northern Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kenzo Kitamura Yuichiro Nakai Satoru Suzuki Yoshikazu Ohtani Katsumi Yamanoi Tomoki Sakamoto 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(3):323-332
To estimate net ecosystem production (NEP), ecosystem respiration (R E), and gross primary production (GPP), and to elucidate the interannual variability of NEP in a cool temperate broadleaf deciduous forest in Sapporo, northern Japan, we measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using an eddy covariance technique with a closed-path infrared gas analyzer from 2000 to 2003. NEP, R E, and GPP were derived from NEE, and data gaps were filled using empirical regression models with meteorological variables such as photosynthetic active radiation and soil temperature. In general, NEP was positive (CO2 uptake) from May to September, either positive or negative in October, and negative (CO2 release) from November to the following April. NEP rapidly increased during leaf expansion in May and reached its maximum in June or July. The four-year averages (±?standard deviation) of annual NEP, GPP, and R E were 443?±?45, 1,374?±?39, and 931?±?11?g?C?m?2?year?1, respectively. The lower annual NEP and GPP in 2000 may have been caused by lower solar radiation in the foliated season. During the foliated season, monthly GPP varied from year to year more than monthly R E. Variations in the amount of incoming solar radiation may have caused the interannual variations in the monthly GPP. Additionally, in May, the timing of leaf expansion had a large impact on GPP. Variations in GPP affected the interannual variation in NEP at our site. Thus, interannual variation in NEP was affected by the incoming solar radiation and the timing of leaf expansion. 相似文献
7.
New Forests - The genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) is widely used for the production of agarwood, and includes several valuable plantation species in Southeast Asia. To understand appropriate... 相似文献
8.
Masato Kobayashi Tomohito Shimizu Koichi Okuzawa Kiyoshi Soyano Kenzo Yoseda 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(5):777-784
To determine the sexual maturity of fourteen male wild-caught hawksbill turtles [straight carapace length (SCL) range 63–79 cm]
held in captivity, we investigated their hormone levels in blood and morphological characteristics. Male turtles were divided
into two groups: five individuals showing mating behavior (group A) and nine individuals not showing mating behavior (group B).
Then, seasonal changes of plasma testosterone of both groups were studied. We also tried to determine male maturity based
on tail elongation (TE) index, i.e., the ratio of tail length (TL) to SCL. Plasma testosterone level of group A gradually
increased during premating and then sharply declined to low levels between mating and postmating seasons. In contrast, that
of group B remained low during the experimental periods. The distinct seasonal changes of plasma testosterone levels of groups A
and B correlated with their maturity. Furthermore, males were clearly divided into mature and immature based on TE values
>0.35 and <0.33, respectively, corresponding to results based on plasma testosterone levels. Our results indicate that TE
can be used more conveniently and accurately to determine maturity of male hawksbill turtles in captivity. 相似文献
9.
A temporal pattern of reproductive activities of biological resources is essential information for the implementation of specific
seasonal closures. First we investigated the relationship between the female pleonal expansion and female reproductive condition
(i.e., non-ovigerous, ovigerous, or with spermatophores) to clarify the morphological characteristics of female coconut crabs
that were able to mate. Second, we mated females with males in captivity to examine the relationship between the degree of
female pleonal expansion and mating success. The index of pleonal expansion (ratio of inter-tergite distances to thoracic
length) was significantly different among female reproductive conditions; females with spermatophores just before egg extrusion
had the most expanded pleon. In the mating trials, all females showing index values higher than 0.35 mated with males. These
results indicate that the female pleonal expansion has a strong relation to reproductive activities of females and can be
applied as a morphological criterion for selecting females being able to mate. Next, we investigated whether reproductive
activities of female coconut crabs are related to the lunar cycle. The reproductive activities were synchronized with the
lunar cycle, and most females mated and extruded eggs around the new moon phase. These results have considerable implications
for resource management and aquaculture for this species. 相似文献
10.
Tanaka Kenzo Ryo Furutani Daisuke Hattori Joseph Jawa Kendawang Sota Tanaka Katsutoshi Sakurai Ikuo Ninomiya 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(6):365-372
Although allometric equations can be used to accurately estimate biomass and/or carbon stock in forest ecosystems, few have
been developed for logged-over tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia. We developed allometric relationships between tree
size variables (stem diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree height) and leaf, branch, stem and total above-ground biomass
in two logged-over tropical rainforests with different soil conditions in Sarawak, Malaysia. The study sites were originally
classified as mainly lowland dipterocarp forest and have been selectively logged in the past 20 years. In total, 30 individuals
from 27 species were harvested to measure above-ground parts. The correlation coefficients for the allometric relationships
obtained for total above-ground biomass as a function of dbh had high values (0.99), although the relationships for leaf biomass
had a relatively low coefficient (0.83). We also found relatively high coefficients for allometric relationships between tree
height and plant-part biomass, ranging from 0.82 to 0.97. Moreover, there were no differences for allometric equations of
total above-ground biomass between study sites. A comparison of equations of above-ground biomass in various previously reported
tropical rainforests and pan-tropic general equations imply that our allometric equations differ largely from the equations
for tropical primary forests, early successional secondary forest, and even for the general models. Therefore, choosing the
biomass estimation models for above-ground biomass in the logged-over forests of Southeast Asia requires careful consideration
of their suitability. 相似文献