Pharmacokinetics and effects on clinical and physiological parameters following a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)     

Kanako Muta  Takako Miyabe‐Nishiwaki  Kenichi Masui  Isao Yajima  Tomoya Iizuka  Akihisa Kaneko  Ryohei Nishimura 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):18-27

The objectives of this study were (a) to establish a population pharmacokinetic model and (b) to investigate the clinical and physiological effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets. In Study 1, pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in six marmosets under sevoflurane anaesthesia. 8 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Blood samples were collected 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 min after starting propofol administration. Plasma concentration was measured, and population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. A two‐compartment model was selected as the final model. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: V₁ = 1.14 L, V₂ = 77.6 L, CL₁ = 0.00182 L/min, CL₂ = 0.0461 L/min. In Study 2, clinical and physiological parameters were assessed and recorded every 2 min after 12 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Immobilization was sustained for 5 min following propofol administration without apparent bradycardia. While combination of propofol and sevoflurane caused apnoea in Study 1, apnoea was not observed following single administration of propofol in Study 2. These data provide bases for further investigation on intravenous anaesthesia using propofol in common marmosets.  相似文献   

渡良濑游水地土壤微生物群落结构与功能研究     

马琨  金子信博  丹羽慈 《水土保持学报》2009,23(1)

利用BIOLOG和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术,研究了受足尾铜矿废水影响下的日本西那须地区渡良濑游水地东、西两侧土壤生物学特性、微生物群落结构及功能变化.结果表明:东侧(对照区)土壤全铜含量为45.07mg/kg,有效态铜含量为0.42 mg/kg,同西侧相比,平均降低了19.32%和89.95%.土壤呼吸速率主要受土壤有效态铜、土壤有机质和C/N的影响,随土层深度增加,土壤微生物量氮和溶解性氮都迅速减小,东侧土壤具有较强的氮矿化能力,渡良濑游水地东、西两侧0-5 cm土层土壤的微生物群落生理代谢剖面在培养48 h后出现明显变化;土壤微生物群落的平均颜色变化值(AWCD)随培养时间的延长,趋于平缓增加.在48 h时培养后,西侧位点土壤的AWCD值与东侧相比,分别下降了40%,34%和16%;除B位点样品在20-40 cm土层深度的AWCD略高于其它3个位点外,其余样品的AWCD无明显差异.渡良濑游水地东侧土壤微生物对单一碳源底物的利用能力较高,土壤微生物群落利用碳源的功能多样性也较高.渡良濑游水地西侧区域C位点土壤的格兰仕阳性菌、格兰仕阴性菌、放线菌数量均显著高于东侧A位点,但渡良濑游水地东侧区域土壤3大类群微生物中细菌和放线菌比例更高.在渡良濑游水地自然恢复30多年后,东、西两侧土壤微生物群落结构与功能仍存在较明显的差异.  相似文献   

日本横滨市土壤各形态铅和蚯蚓体内铅的含量关系研究     

陕永杰  张美萍  金子信博 《土壤通报》2008,39(5)

以日本横滨市国道两侧绿地土壤和横滨国立大学校内绿地土壤为研究区,采用连续浸提-ICP法分析了横滨市土壤环境中表层(0～5cm)和5～20cm处的Pb元素的水溶性、离子态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机质结合态、和残渣态Pb的含量变化及其与土壤蚯蚓体内Pb含量的关系,结果表明:横滨市土壤表层全Pb含量在76.85～100.05mgkg-1之间,5～20cm土层全Pb含量为40.83～57mgkg-1之间,远高于当地的土壤Pb背景值(17mgkg-1),受到不同程度的污染;并且横滨国立大学校内绿地土壤比国道两侧绿地土壤表层的全Pb含量显著提高,其污染原因有待于进一步研究。蚯蚓体内的Pb含量变化范围在在研究区各采样点中没有显著差异,统计分析结果表明,蚯蚓体内的Pb含量与土壤环境中各形态Pb之间并无线性相关关系。  相似文献   

Molecular and sensory studies on the umami taste of Japanese green tea     

Kaneko S  Kumazawa K  Masuda H  Henze A  Hofmann T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(7):2688-2694

Aimed at defining the key drivers for the quality-determining umami taste of a high-grade powdered green tea, called mat-cha, a bioactivity-guided fractionation using solvent extraction, solvent precipitation, preparative chromatographic separations, and human psychophysical experiments was applied on freshly prepared mat-cha. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and one-/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies on isolated fractions led to the identification of l-theanine, succinic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid), and (1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-carboxy-2,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (theogallin) as umami-enhancing compounds in the green tea beverage, and it can be shown by sensory studies that these compounds are able to raise the umami intensity of sodium l-glutamate proportionally.  相似文献   

The influence of barley malt protein modification on beer foam stability and their relationship to the barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I) as a possible foam-promoting protein   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Okada Y  Iimure T  Takoi K  Kaneko T  Kihara M  Hayashi K  Ito K  Sato K  Takeda K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(4):1458-1464

The foam stability of beer is one of the important key factors in evaluating the quality of beer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of malt modification (degradation of protein, starch, and so on) and the beer foam stability. This was achieved by examining foam-promoting proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). We found that the foam stability of beer samples brewed from the barley malts of cultivars B and C decreased as the level of malt modification increased; however, the foam stability of cultivar A did not change. To identify the property providing the increased foam stability of cultivar A, we analyzed beer proteins using 2DE. We analyzed three fractions that could contain beer foam-promoting proteins, namely, beer whole proteins, salt-precipitated proteins, and the proteins concentrated from beer foam. As a result, we found that in cultivar A, some protein spots did not change in any of these three protein fractions even when the level of malt modification increased, although the corresponding protein spots in cultivars B and C decreased. We analyzed these protein spots by peptide mass finger printing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, all of these spots were identified as barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I). These results suggest that BDAI-I is an important contributor to beer foam stability.  相似文献   

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia parasites in domestic dogs in Nigeria     

Haruyuki HIRATA  Temidayo OMOBOWALE  Olufunke ADEBAYO  Nodoka ASANUMA  Asako HARAGUCHI  Yoshiki MURAKAMI  Kodai KUSAKISAKO  Keiko IKEDA  Mitsuhiko ASAKAWA  Kazuyuki SUZUKI  Chiaki ISHIHARA  Hiromi IKADAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):338

The present study examined the presence of Babesia parasites in 104 domestic dogs in Nigeria. Sequentially, Babesia parasites infecting domestic dogs underwent genetic and phylogenetic analyses. The results of nested PCR based on the Piroplasmida 18S rRNA gene illustrated that 13.5% (14/104) of the samples were positive. The obtained positive samples determined the nucleotide sequences of the 18S rRNA genes. In the genetic and phylogenetic analyses, four of five nucleotide sequences were similar to Babesia canis rossi, and one sample exhibited a close similarity to a Babesia sp. isolated from a raccoon in Hokkaido, Japan. The present study revealed the widespread presence of B. canis rossi among domestic dogs in Nigeria.  相似文献   

Effects of contact with wood on blood pressure and subjective evaluation     

Satoshi Sakuragawa  Tomoyuki Kaneko  Yoshifumi Miyazaki 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(2):107-113

This study examined the effects of contact with wood on the living human body using a physiological index and subjective evaluation. Consecutive blood pressure measurements were used as the physiological index, and sensory evaluation using the semantic differential (SD) method was used for subjective evaluation. Consideration was also given to cases in which materials were cooled and heated as well as kept at room temperature, to eliminate the effects of heat flux due to differences in thermal conductivity between wood and other materials. It was found that contact with wood produced coarse/natural sensations, with no associated increase in systolic blood pressure. Contact with cold wood created subjectively dangerous/uncomfortable but still coarse/natural sensations, also with no associated increase in blood pressure; therefore, there was no correspondence between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. Contact with aluminum kept at room temperature and cold acrylic plastic created flat/artificial and dangerous/uncomfortable sensations, with an associated significant increase in blood pressure; thus, there was a close correlation between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. It was therefore concluded that contact with wood, unlike artificial materials such as aluminum, induces no physiological stress even when kept at room temperature or cooled. Part of this report was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Shizuoka, April 1998  相似文献   

Dual effects of reversed winter–spring temperatures on year‐to‐year variation in the recruitment of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)     

Hitoshi Kaneko  Takeshi Okunishi  Takashi Seto  Hiroshi Kuroda  Sachihiko Itoh  Shinya Kouketsu  Daisuke Hasegawa 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(2):212-227

To clarify the effects of temperature on the recruitment of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the North Pacific, we investigated the influence of winter surface temperature (WST) on spawners at the time of maturity around the spawning grounds and the influence of ambient spring temperature on larvae using estimated temperature (ET) obtained from particle tracking experiments. We found a significant positive correlation between ET approximately 10 days following hatching and the recruitment per spawning stock biomass (RPS) after 2000. The closer (more meandering) the Kuroshio Current (KC) axis was in relation to the spawning ground, the higher (lower) the spring surface temperature and the higher (lower) RPS was in the spawning ground. In contrast, WST inside KC near the maturity/spawning ground was significantly negatively correlated with RPS. A significant negative correlation between the temperatures in winter and spring was detected in the area after 2000, when the conditions of the Pacific decadal oscillation index and the stability of the Kuroshio Extension were synchronous, indicating that KC shifted northward during this time. The reversed temperature pattern was consistent with the winter–spring movement of KC axis in the offshore direction and was correlated with the winter–spring difference in the intensity of the Aleutian low. These results suggest that the annual variation in chub mackerel recruitment after 2000 was strongly affected by the combined effects of ambient temperature because of the reversal of conditions that occurred between winter and spring around the maturity/spawning ground, which was related to the KC path.  相似文献   

Comparison in taste and extractive components of boiled dorsal muscle and broth from half-smooth golden puffer Lagocephalus spadiceus caught in Japan with those of the same fish imported     

Hiroko Yamaguchi  Misako Nakaya  Gen Kaneko  Chie Yoneda  Toshitaka Mochizuki  Katsuya Fukami  Hideki Ushio  Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):327-334

The taste and extractive components of boiled dorsal muscle and broth prepared from half-smooth golden puffer Lagocephalus spadiceus caught in Japan and from those imported from China were compared. In the sensory test, the first taste, elasticity, and saltiness of boiled muscle from Japanese (domestic) fish were higher than those of the imported fish, whereas the orthonasal fishy smell of the imported fish was higher than that of the domestic fish. The first taste, aftertaste, retronasal fishy smell, sweetness, saltiness, and umami of the broth prepared from dorsal muscle of the domestic fish were higher than those of the imported fish, whereas orthonasal fishy smell and bitterness of the imported fish were higher than those of the domestic fish. Most panelists preferred the overall taste of the domestic fish to that of the imported fish. The concentration of trimethylamine in the trichloroacetic acid extracts from boiled muscle and broth of the imported fish was higher than that of the domestic fish, suggesting that this substance contributes to the orthonasal fishy smell of the imported fish.  相似文献   

The role of V antigen in mice experimentally infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; histopathological study using enzyme immunoassay     

Y Sugiyama  K Kaneko  I Takashima  N Hashimoto 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1986,48(4):781-789

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