大葱雄性不育系的雄蕊特征及花药细胞学研究     

冯大领  王丽乔  张巍巍  赵玉靖  付雅丽  袁瑞江  王其鹏 《北方园艺》2016,(23):1-6

以大葱不育系和保持系为试材,对其进行了形态学和细胞学观察,以揭示大葱雄性不育系和保持系的雄蕊鉴别特征及雄性不育发生的细胞学机制。结果表明:大葱不育系的花药外形表现为干瘪,无花粉粒散出,花粉囊内的花粉粒无活性;保持系的花药外形饱满,成熟后开裂,有黄色花粉粒散出,花粉囊内的花粉粒活力为91.65%;通过对大葱不育系和保持系花药发育的细胞学比较发现,大葱不育系的花粉败育原因体现在3个方面:一是绒毡层细胞的提早液泡化并解体,解体时间始于花粉母细胞时期,到单核花粉粒时期几乎完全消失,不能为小孢子发育提供必需的营养物质;二是绒毡层细胞内的原生质浓度低,无明显的多核现象,该绒毡层细胞的异常也造成营养物质供应不足,引起花粉粒败育;三是在单核花粉粒到成熟花粉粒发育过程中,有些花药的药隔细胞纤维化,阻碍了水分和营养物质由维管束向花粉囊的输送,从而引起花粉粒败育。而保持系的花药绒毡层细胞在花粉母细胞和减数分裂时期,细胞质浓、染色较深、无早期液泡化现象,在单核花粉粒时期出现解体,一直到花粉粒成熟才逐渐解体消失。该研究为田间鉴定大葱不育系及揭示不育发生的细胞学机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

液压悬挂试验的加载误差及其补偿     

张兰义  李重焕 《农业机械学报》1996,27(1):86-89

通过对下支点固定式油缸加载工况下拖拉机液压悬挂装置的受力分析，推导出这种国内外常用试验台设计方案的加载误差，并给出试验数据的修正方法以补偿该项误差的影响。  相似文献   

虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹摄食和生长影响的研究     

蔡春芳  陈立侨  姜光明  宋学宏  叶元土  郭建明 《饲料工业》2007,28(16):24-26

分别用虾蛄蛋白浆替代饲料中2%和4%的鱼粉,并以乌贼膏为对照,研究其对河蟹摄食和生长的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹的诱食作用与乌贼膏相当,但摄食量显著高于乌贼膏组。此外,虾蛄蛋白浆还具有明显的促进河蟹脱壳生长的作用,其作用机制可能与其中氨基酸、小肽、胆固醇等含量丰富有关。  相似文献   

水温 饵料 投饵率对河蟹生长和饵料转化率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈立侨  堵南山 《水产科技情报》1993,20(4):153-157

在实验室条件下研究了水温、饵料和投饵率对河蟹生长的影响。结果表明,在10～26℃水温范围内,河蟹对不同饵料的摄饵率和特定生长率均与水温呈正相关关系;相比之下,用配饵投喂,河蟹对温度的变化较为敏感,但配饵的饲养效果明显次于螺蛳。随着水温的升高,当螺蛳的投饵率由半饱增至全饱时,河蟹的湿重生长率增长不明显,而体蛋白量则增加了13%～28%。在适温范围内,适当降低投饵率可提高饵料转化率和蛋白质利用率,可是蟹体蛋白量的增加则明显下降。  相似文献   

Developing robust frequentist and Bayesian fish stock assessment methods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yong Chen  Yan Jiao  & Liqiao Chen 《Fish and Fisheries》2003,4(2):105-120

Errors in fitting models to data are usually assumed to follow a normal (or log normal) distribution in fisheries. This assumption is usually used in formulating likelihood functions often required in frequentist and Bayesian stock assessment modelling. Fisheries data are commonly subject to atypical errors, resulting in outliers in stock assessment modelling. Because most stock assessment models are nonlinear and contain multiple variables, it is difficult, if not impossible, to identify outliers by plotting fisheries data alone. Commonly used normal distribution‐based frequentist and Bayesian stock assessment methods are sensitive to outliers, resulting in biased estimates of model parameters that are vital in defining the dynamics of fish stocks and evaluating alternative strategies for fisheries management. Because of the high likelihood of having outliers in fisheries data, frequentist or Bayesian methods robust to outliers are more desirable in fisheries stock assessment. This study reviews three approaches that can be used to develop robust frequentist or Bayesian stock assessment methods. Using simulated fisheries as examples, we demonstrate how these approaches can be used to develop the frequentist and Bayesian stock assessment approaches that are robust to outliers in fisheries data and compare the robust approaches with the commonly used normal distribution‐based approach. The proposed robust approaches provide alternative ways to developing frequentist or Bayesian stock assessment methods.  相似文献   

基于HJ卫星CCD数据的冬小麦病虫害面积监测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

冯炼  吴玮  陈晓玲  田礼乔  蔡晓斌  苏国振 《农业工程学报》2010,26(7):213-219

遥感在农作物病虫害监测中广泛采用的简单植被指数阈值法难以判别冬小麦的健康状况。该研究选择二值逻辑回归法,分别建立实测光谱得到的植被指数与其健康状况之间的关系模型。结果表明,重归一化植被指数RDVI模型和三角植被指数TVI模型可信度较好。考虑到遥感监测冬小麦病虫害时,涉及的地域范围广,冬小麦生长状况存在明显的局域差异,采用了3×3邻域像元的一致性假设消除局部环境差异。将模型应用到中国新近发射的环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座HJ-CCD传感器数据,得到提取的冬小麦受病虫害胁迫范围与枣阳市植保站普查结果相符,也与地面实测结果相一致,其中,TVI模型结果的精度达到76.47%,能够满足农作物病虫害面积遥感监测要求。  相似文献   

南方四季豆繁种技术     

程立巧 《种子世界》2001,(8)

1海拔高度、地形、品种选择 四季豆是喜温蔬菜,发芽适温是25℃,花芽分化适温为20～25℃,在32℃以上的高温下,不捻花粉数增加而引起落花、落荚,为了满足四季豆的生长、发育环境条件的要求,一般应选在海拔600～1 200m的有隔离条件的高山上种植,或者选择朝阴山岙和周围植被良好的地方,品种以选蔓性种如东引一号为好.  相似文献   

小麦幼苗根系生理特性和解剖结构对根际pH的响应     

王光涛  冯素伟  丁位华  金立桥  文昭普  茹振钢 《西北农业学报》2021,(8):1142-1147

为探讨根际pH 对冬小麦根系生长的影响，以半冬性小麦品种''矮抗58''（AK58）和''百农4199''（BN4199）为材料，采用水培试验，设置3个pH 水平（4.0、6.5、9.0，以6.5为对照），研究根际pH 对冬小麦根系抗氧化酶系统的影响及根系解剖结构对pH 的响应。结果表明：酸碱胁迫下，植株地上部及根系生物量、抗氧化酶活性较对照下降，且酸胁迫较碱胁迫下降幅度大。两品种根冠比表现为pH 4.0＜pH 6.5＜pH 9.0，丙二醛（MDA）含量表现为pH 6.5＜pH 9.0＜pH 4.0。与对照相比，两品种碱性条件下根系结构受损较小，而酸性条件下受损较大。相关分析表明地上部和根系干物质积累量与抗氧化酶活性呈显著正相关，与根系MDA含量呈极显著负相关。可见，酸碱胁迫下，保持较高的抗氧化酶活性有利于保持根系生长，从而提高小麦适应不良根际环境的能力。  相似文献   

Effects of replacing fish meal with rubber seed meal on growth,nutrient utilization,and cholesterol metabolism of tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">O. aureus</Emphasis>)     

Junming Deng  Kun Wang  Kangsen Mai  Liqiao Chen  Lu Zhang  Haifeng Mi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(4):941-954

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with rubber seed meal (RSM) on growth, nutrient utilization, and cholesterol metabolism of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus). Five experimental diets were formulated with 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g kg^?1 RSM replacing graded levels of fish meal, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish (initial average weight 65.3 g) per aquarium in a rearing system maintained at 29 ± 1 °C for 8 weeks. Dietary 150 g kg^?1 RSM inclusion did not affect the weight gain and daily growth coefficient, whereas these were depressed by a further inclusion. Additionally, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by dietary RSM inclusion regardless of inclusion level. However, the inclusion of 450 and 600 g kg^?1 RSM decreased the mid-intestinal trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities; the hepatic acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyl transferase; low-density lipoprotein receptor; and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase activities. Similarly, dietary 600 g kg^?1 RSM inclusion inhibited the plasma catalase and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activities. These results indicated that 150 g kg^?1 RSM can be included in tilapia diets, whereas higher inclusion of RSM inhibited the growth rate, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and cholesterol metabolism.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary protein to energy ratios on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab,Eriocheir sinensis          下载免费PDF全文

Yanyan Cui  Qianqian Ma  Samwel Mchele Limbu  Zhenyu Du  Nannan Zhang  Erchao Li  Liqiao Chen 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2243-2252

This study aimed to determine the optimal protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) and evaluate the effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Nine practical diets containing three levels both for protein (DP 30%, 35% and 40%) and lipid (DL 2%, 7% and 12%) with P/E ratios ranging from 13.69 to 19.79 mg KJ^?1 were fed to four replicates of crabs (3.39 ± 0.10 g) for 10 weeks. Weight gain increased significantly with the increase in DP level at each DL level. Moreover, weight gain increased in crabs fed with diets containing DL level from 2% to 12% and DP level from 30% to 35%. However, the diet containing 40% DP and 12% DL levels significantly decreased the growth performance and protein efficiency of the crabs. The whole crab and hepatopancreas lipid contents also increased as dietary lipid increased, but not dietary protein. The total protease activity increased significantly with the increase in dietary protein at each lipid level. The lipase activity was statistically comparable among different DL levels at each DP level. Taken together, the crab fed the diet containing 35% protein and 12% lipid levels with P/E 15.77 mg KJ^?1 revealed optimal growth, feed utilization efficiency and digestive enzymes activities. Moreover, our study indicated that the higher dietary lipid level at a relatively lower dietary protein level could provide protein sparing effect in Eriocheir sinensis.  相似文献