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Feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga in the transition region of the central North Pacific 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hikaru WATANABE Tsunemi KUBODERA Suguru MASUDA Shigeyuki KAWAHARA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(4):573-579
ABSTRACT: The feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga (fork length: 48.9–76.2 cm, n = 132) were examined from late spring to early autumn in relation to its northward migration in the transition region between the subtropical and subarctic fronts in the central North Pacific. Samples were collected at night using surface gill nets or during daytime pole-and-line surveys in 2001 and 2002. During May and June, albacore fed mainly on Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus , which accounted for 27.2%, 67.0%, and 45.5% of the total stomach contents by number ( Cn ), wet weight ( WW ), and frequency of occurrence ( F ), respectively, and secondarily on the subarctic gonatid squid Gonatopsis borealis ( Cn , 15.8%; WW , 10.8%; F , 28.8%). From July to September, albacore continued to depend on Japanese anchovy ( Cn , 48.2–52.8%; WW , 79.9–95.2%; F , 27.8–85.4%). These results corresponded well with the remarkable rebound of the Japanese anchovy stock since the 1990s. Gonatopsis borealis , the main squid prey from May to June, almost disappeared from the stomachs of albacore from July to September, probably due to the northward migration of this squid to subarctic waters in summer. The feeding impact of albacore on the Japanese anchovy stock in the transition region was conservatively estimated to be from 1400 to 2100 tons per day from late spring to early autumn. 相似文献
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EIJI TANESAKA EIKO UMEDA MASAYUKI YAMAMOTO KYOJIRO MASUDA KYOJI YAMADA MOTONOBU YOSHIDA 《Weed Biology and Management》2012,12(2):91-97
Sesamum mulayanum is a wild relative of cultivated sesame, Sesamum indicum, and sometimes grows in sesame crop fields as an associated weed. This species shows deep seed dormancy and is characterized by conspicuous purple pigmentation on the lower lip of the corolla. The present study examined the inheritance mode of seed dormancy by using reciprocal progeny from crosses between the two species. The seeds of S. indicum and F1 (S. indicum×S. mulayanum) showed good germination, but those of S. mulayanum and F1 (S. mulayanum×S. indicum) showed deep dormancy. The F2 seeds from both reciprocal crosses showed deep dormancy. These results, combined with the maternal inheritance of seed‐coat characteristics, indicated that the seed dormancy of S. mulayanum can be attributed to its seed‐coat structure (coat‐enhanced dormancy). The F3 (S. indicum×S. mulayanum) seeds varied in their depth of seed dormancy and those seeds with deep dormancy (<50% germination) and those with no or shallow dormancy (≥50% germination) occurred in the expected ratio of 3:1, indicating that this trait is polygenic but is controlled by a single dominant major gene. The purple pigmentation of the corolla was expressed in both reciprocal F1 plants and the presence and absence of pigmentation was segregated among the F2 plants at the expected ratio of 3:1, indicating that this trait is also controlled by a single dominant gene. The segregation of the major gene controlling seed dormancy and that controlling purple pigmentation was not independent (9:3:3:1), indicating that these genes are linked, providing insights on sesame domestication. 相似文献
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Flight and avoidance reactions from human were examined using 168 postweaning
Thoroughbred foals in 22 breeding farms. Further 114 yearlings of 168 foals were tested in
the following summer. The foal handlings by the stabler were asked in questionnaire. The
relationship between the behavioural reactions and the foal handling frequencies was
analyzed. The flight reaction was estimated as the distance from the animal to a stranger
when the animal began to flight away from his approach. The avoidance scores were set up
from (1) (not resistant) to (5) (touch rejection) from human touching. In the stabler
questionnaire, handling frequencies of “body brushing”, “rectal temperature measurement”,
“hoof cleaning”, and “stall cleaning” in the early nursing period were asked. The handling
frequencies were scored from (1) (not done) to (5) (every day). In the preliminary test, a
measurement reliability of the flight distance and the avoidance score was confirmed. The
mean flight distances were 0.56 m and 0.27 m in the postweaning foals and the yearlings,
respectively. Touch-avoidance scores of the highest frequency were (3) and (2) in the
postweaning foals and the yearlings, respectively. As the results of Spearman’s
rank-correlation analysis, “body brushing” showed highly negative relationships with
“flight distance” (ρ=–0.31, P<0.001) and “avoidance score” (ρ=–0.37, P<0.001) in the
postweaning foals. In the yearlings, “hoof cleaning” also showed significantly negative
relationships with these behavioural indices (ρ=–0.24, P<0.01; ρ=–0.22, P<0.01,
respectively). 相似文献
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Yasumitsu MASUDA Ryo HASEBE Yasushi KUROMI Masayoshi KOBAYASHI Misaki IWAMOTO Mitsugu HISHINUMA Tetsuya OHBAYASHI Ryo NISHIMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(2):149
While embryo transfer (ET) is widely practiced, many of the transferred embryos fail to develop in cattle. To establish a more effective method for selecting bovine embryos for ET, here we quantified morphological parameters of living embryos using three-dimensional (3D) images non-invasively captured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Seven Japanese Black embryos produced by in vitro fertilization that had reached the expanded blastocyst stage after 7 days of culture were transferred after imaged by OCT. Twenty-two parameters, including thickness and volumes of the inner cell mass, trophectoderm, and zona pellucida, and volumes of blastocoel and whole embryo, were quantified from 3D images. Four of the seven recipients became pregnant. We suggest that these 22 parameters can be potentially employed to evaluate the quality of bovine embryos before ET. 相似文献
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Gelegjamts NARANCHULUUM Hiroko OHMIYA Yutaka MASUDA Kouichi HAGIYA Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(3):383-389
In Mongolia, milk production must be improved both quantitatively and qualitatively, and we must find the most desirable method for predicting 305‐day milk yields for cows in Mongolia. Therefore, the predicted 305‐day milk yield from the test interval method (TIM), multiple‐trait prediction (MTP) and the random regression model (RRM) were compared. The daily milk production records during 305 days for cows calving from 1986 to 2007 from the National Livestock Breeding Center in Japan, and the test day records every month for cows calving from 1985 to 2005 from the Hokkaido Dairy Milk Recording and Testing Association were used. Wilmink's model for the average of lactation curve in MTP was adopted. A cubic Legendre polynomials and the parameters of Wilmink's function were used for RRM. The results suggested that RRM was the most desirable method for predicting 305‐day milk yields in Mongolia because estimates by RRM were the most accurate when using over four records. Further analyses will be required to examine the properties of RRM when predicting 305‐day milk yields using test day records in Mongolia. 相似文献
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Yoshihiro KOBAYASHI Tetsushi HIRANO Takuya OMOTEHARA Rie HASHIMOTO Yuria UMEMURA Hideto YUASA Natsumi MASUDA Naoto KUBOTA Kiichi MINAMI Shogo YANAI Mitsuko ISHIHARA-SUGANO Youhei MANTANI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Hiroshi KITAGAWA Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1355-1361
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility of noninvasive estimation of cardiac systolic function using transthoracic continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography in dogs with mitral regurgitation.
Procedure Seven mongrel dogs with experimental mitral regurgitation were used. Left ventriculography and measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were performed under inhalational anaesthesia. A micromanometer-tipped catheter was placed into the left ventricle and transthoracic echocardiography was carried out. The peak rate of left ventricular pressure rise (peak dP/dt) was derived simultaneously by continuous-wave Doppler and manometer measurements. The Doppler-derived dP/dt was compared with the catheter-measured peak dP/dt in the dogs.
Results Classification of the severity of mitral regurgitation in the dogs was as follows: 1+, 2 dogs; 2+, 1 dog; 3+, 2 dogs; 4+, 1 dog; and not examined, 1 dog. We were able to derive dP/dt from the transthoracic continuous-wave Doppler echocar-diography in all dogs. Doppler-derived dP/dt had a significant correlation with the catheter-measured peak dP/dt (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion It was demonstrated that transthoracic continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography is a feasible method of noninvasive estimation of cardiac systolic function in dogs with experimental mitral regurgitation and may have clinical usefulness in canine patients with spontaneous mitral regurgitation. 相似文献
Procedure Seven mongrel dogs with experimental mitral regurgitation were used. Left ventriculography and measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were performed under inhalational anaesthesia. A micromanometer-tipped catheter was placed into the left ventricle and transthoracic echocardiography was carried out. The peak rate of left ventricular pressure rise (peak dP/dt) was derived simultaneously by continuous-wave Doppler and manometer measurements. The Doppler-derived dP/dt was compared with the catheter-measured peak dP/dt in the dogs.
Results Classification of the severity of mitral regurgitation in the dogs was as follows: 1+, 2 dogs; 2+, 1 dog; 3+, 2 dogs; 4+, 1 dog; and not examined, 1 dog. We were able to derive dP/dt from the transthoracic continuous-wave Doppler echocar-diography in all dogs. Doppler-derived dP/dt had a significant correlation with the catheter-measured peak dP/dt (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion It was demonstrated that transthoracic continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography is a feasible method of noninvasive estimation of cardiac systolic function in dogs with experimental mitral regurgitation and may have clinical usefulness in canine patients with spontaneous mitral regurgitation. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Developmental changes of swimming speed were analysed in the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus raised on two distinct dietary regimens. One group was fed only zooplankton such as rotifers and Artemia nauplii (R group) and the other group was fed rotifers plus red sea bream Pagrus major larvae (Pm group). Fish from the Pm group grew faster than those from the R group, and both the cruise and burst swimming speeds were faster for the Pm group even when match-sized comparisons were made. Fish in the Pm group attained a standard length (SL) of 17.5 mm by day 14 and their cruise and burst swimming speeds were 5.39 SL/s and 18.45 SL/s, whereas the R group attained 17.35 mm SL by day 17 and their cruise and burst swimming speeds were 4.28 SL/s and 13.98 SL/s. The results suggest that the swimming speed of chub mackerel in the wild would develop differently depending on the food resources they happen to encounter. 相似文献