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1.
Yang Min Sun Luchuanyang Kawabata Yasunosuke Maegawa Takahiro Taniyama Shigeto Tachibana Katsuyasu Hirasaka Katsuya 《Fisheries Science》2021,87(3):403-409
Balenine is one of the endogenous imidazole dipeptides. It is composed of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-l-histidine, which exist mainly in the muscles and the brain. The exact biological properties of balenine are still not well known, although the antioxidant activity of carnosine, another imidazole dipeptide, is known. In this study we investigated whether balenine exhibits antioxidant activity. It was found to decrease the superoxide anion (O2−) and increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. We found that SOD activity increased in balenine-treated C2C12 myotubes, although balenine did not increase expression of SOD mRNA. On the other hand, there were no changes in other antioxidant enzymes, CAT and GPX activity, and mRNA levels. In an in vitro assay, the direct activation of SOD treated by balenine was significantly higher than with carnosine treatment. Moreover, balenine constituent amino acids did not have the ability to activate SOD. Our results suggest that balenine contributes to antioxidant effects through activation of SOD.
相似文献2.
The optimal water temperature in seed germination and the upper critical water temperature in seedling growth were determined
for Zostera japonica collected from Ago Bay, Japan. The relationship between the seed germination rates and seed storage period (0, 30, and 60 days)
at 0°C was also examined. The optimal water temperature in seed germination was in the range 15–20°C regardless of the storage
period, in which germination rates were up to 14%. Seedlings, grown from seeds up to 10 cm in total length, were cultured
for 1 week at various water temperatures to measure their relative growth rates. The optimal water temperature in early growth
was in the range 20–25°C; relative growth rates ranged from 3.8 to 4.2%. Seedlings could survive up to a water temperature
of 29°C, but most seedlings withered at 30 or 35°C.
The optimal water temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth were related to the seasonal changes of water temperature
in the sampling site. Although seedlings were hardly observed in Ago Bay in summer, Z. japonica might extend its distribution as far as where the summer water temperature is lower than 29°C. 相似文献
3.
How Zostera marina L. adapts to environmental stresses is of major interest to researchers wanting to obtain a better understanding of how to
preserve this ecologically important seagrass. We have examined the structure and chemical properties of the cuticle and epidermal
walls of Z. marina cotyledons at the pre-germination stage by microscopy, histochemistry, and chemical analyses. The epidermal cells, which
have a smooth plasma membrane and slight wall-ingrowth, are surrounded by thickened outer tangential walls consisting of cellulose
and pectic substances. The thick cuticle layer covers the outer surface of the outer tangential walls; the former were observed
here to be much thicker than has been reported earlier for the leaves and sheaths of Z. marina. Chemical analysis of the isolated cuticle by attenuated total reflectance–infrared Fourier transform spectrometry and gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry detected C16 and C18 fatty acids, ω-hydroxy fatty acids and β-sitosterol as components of the wax and cutin. The outermost cuticle layer was also
observed to be covered with a slimy layer consisting of some polysaccharides. These results suggest that the extremely thick
cuticle and slimy layer could play a significant role in protecting the cotyledons from environmental stresses at the pre-emergence
stage and just after emergence. 相似文献
4.
Mahiko Abe Keigo Yokota Masaki Goto Akira Kurashima Miyuki Maegawa 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):299-307
ABSTRACT: This study was designed to identify a sustainable Zostera marina population based on the relationships between the distributional patterns of shoots and light conditions in the population. Population structures and light conditions on 22 April 2003 (season of reducing shoot density), 27 September 2003 (season of the annual minimum density and biomass) and 9 April 2004 (season of the annual maximum density and biomass) were examined. On 22 April 2003, the frequency distribution in shoot length was almost even. The spatial pattern is characterized by small clumps within 2–5 cm radius. On 27 September 2003, the lengths of all shoots were less than 40 cm, and the distributional patterns were similar to 22 April. On 9 April 2004, the spatial pattern is characterized by larger clumps within 25 cm radius. The reproductive shoots had a regular distribution. The relative light intensities on the population floor of the sea surface on 27 September and 9 April were 53.3 and 10.2%, respectively. The light intensity on 9 April 2004 was not sufficient for growth. The results suggest that the competition for harvesting solar radiation is caused by the shoot length and the spatial pattern among shoots in the population. 相似文献
5.
The distribution of starch granules in ungerminated seeds of Zostera marina was examined by electron microscopy and histochemistry. Quantitative changes during germination in starch and sugars [glucose/maltosaccharides
(MS), sucrose, and fructose] were examined in the seeds using biochemical methods. At natural seawater salinity (30.2 psu),
the number of starch granules and the amount of starch markedly decreased, resulting in no increase in the sugar content in
the embryos during the early germination stage. A substantial increase in sugars in the shoots occurred after the development
of true leaves, probably due to photosynthetic activity in the green true leaves. At natural seawater salinity, the amount
of starch did not significantly change during the initial 14 days of germination. In contrast, at lower salinities, starch
levels decreased significantly from day 0 to day 6, resulting in higher levels of glucose/MS and fructose in the basal hypocotyls.
These results suggest that compared with the salinity of natural seawater, lower salinity may interfere with starch catabolism
in seeds, thereby causing the seed coat to break open earlier. 相似文献
6.
Photosynthetic activities of seedlings of Zostera marina were successively measured using a gas volumeter for 6 days at seven light (0–400 μmol photons/m2 per s) and 11 water temperature conditions (5–35°C). The seedlings were collected from mature plants (Ise Bay, central Japan),
and stored and cultured in incubators accurately controlled at each test temperature. The maximum gross photosynthesis (P
maxg) was recorded at an optimal water temperature of 29°C after 0 days. After 6 days, P
maxg appeared at 25°C and most plants cultured at 29–30°C bleached and withered after the drastic increase of light compensation
point (I
c). On the contrary, at 5–28°C, the photosynthetic activities either changed little (5–25°C) or recovered after a temporal
reduction (26–28°C); seedlings survived and looked healthy after being cultured for 6 days. The recovery was thought to be
an acclimation to tolerate higher water temperature. As a result, the critical upper water temperature for Z. marina seedlings was proposed as 28°C. The temperature was consistent with the previously reported maximum water temperature in
habitats around the southern boundary of Z. marina in the northern hemisphere. 相似文献
7.
Makoto Kakinuma Naoko Shibahara Hanako Ikeda Miyuki Maegawa Hideomi Amano 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):287-294
SUMMARY: The thermal stress responses of a sterile mutant of the marine alga Ulva pertusa were investigated at 20°C and 30°C. The amounts of the photosynthetic pigments, β-carotene, chlorophylls a and b , lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin, were 1.4–2.4 times higher in the 30°C-cultivated alga than in the 20°C-cultivated alga. The free amino acids, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, and serine, were abundant in the 20°C-cultivated alga, and increased 1.9–10.5-fold in response to thermal stress (30°C). Total carbon and nitrogen contents also increased in the 30°C-cultivated alga. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of total proteins extracted from both temperature-treated algae showed the increases of 20, 25, and 90 kDa proteins in the 30°C-cultivated alga. Isozyme assays for 20 enzymes showed a different banding pattern only in the case of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Although it was observed that both temperature-treated algae possessed NAD+ - and NADP+ -specific GDH, the 30°C-cultivated alga had an additional NADP+ -specific GDH (NADP-GDH). These results suggest that NADP-GDH compensates for the thermally induced decreases in nitrogen assimilation efficiency and thereby regulates nitrogen metabolism under conditions of temperature stress. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT: The optimal water temperature in seed germination and the upper critical water temperature in seedling growth were determined for Zostera marina collected from Ise Bay, Japan. The relationship between the seed germination rates and seed storage period (0, 30 and 60 days at 0°C) was also examined. The optimal water temperature for seed germination was in the range from 10 to 15°C regardless of the storage periods, in which germination rates ranged from 35 to 57%. Seedlings grown from seed up to 10 cm in total length were cultured for 1 week under various water temperatures to measure their relative growth rates. The optimal water temperature in growth was in the range from 20 to 25°C; relative growth rates ranged from 2.0 to 2.6%. Seedlings could survive up to a water temperature of 28°C, but most seedlings withered at 29 or 30°C. The optimal water temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth were related to the seasonal changes of water temperature at the sampling site. Although seedlings were rarely observed in the field in summer, they can grow at temperatures as high as 28°C. Therefore, Z. marina may extend its distribution as far as where the summer water temperature is lower than 28°C. 相似文献
9.
Relationships between critical photon irradiance for growth and daily compensation point of juvenile Sargassum macrocarpum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SUMMARY: This study was designed to determine the critical photon irradiance for growth and daily compensation point of juvenile Sargassum macrocarpum . Sampling and measurement of natural light conditions were carried out in the S. macrocarpum population at a depth of 8 m off Kiwado in Fukawa Bay, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, from April to June 1998. Photosynthesis and respiration of the juvenile thalli, and diurnal changes in solar irradiance were measured for the same period. The critical photon irradiance for growth of the juvenile thalli observed on the population floor was 1.0–1.5% on the sea surface. The photosynthetic rate of leaf of juvenile thalli increased linearly with increasing photon irradiance when light levels were lower than 50 μM/m2 per s. The respiratory rate and light compensation point of the juvenile thalli were 2.49 μL O2 /cm2 per h and 4.98 μM/m2 per s, respectively. The daily compensation point was estimated with a mathematical model based on photosynthesis–light equations and diurnal changes in solar irradiance. For a day of average solar irradiance over the period of the present study, the estimated daily compensation point of the juvenile thalli was 1.3% on the sea surface. This value agreed well with the observed critical photon irradiance for growth of juvenile S . macrocarpum on the population floor. The results of the study confirm that the mathematical model is effective for estimating the daily compensation point. 相似文献
10.
Photosynthesis and respiration rates were measured on 10 cm tall seedlings of Z. japonica at various temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs), and the daily compensation points in each season
were estimated with a mathematical model based on photosynthetic properties and diurnal changes in solar irradiances. The
seedlings were grown from seeds collected at Tategami-ura, Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan, and cultured for 1 week under the
examined temperatures of 10–25°C. The estimated daily compensation points of Z. japonica ranged from 9.3 to 13.6% of the surface irradiance. The total PPFDs in daytime ranged from 3.8 to 5.3 mol photons m−2 day−1. The theoretical depth limits were calculated by the Beer-Lambert law concerning the relative light intensities of the sea
surface and the extinction coefficient. The estimated lowest limit of Z. japonica agreed well with the lowest depth (7 m) previously reported. Therefore, the mathematical model in this study can be used
to estimate the production and critical growing depth of Z. japonica. Differences in light requirements seem to be one of the reasons for the shallower habitats of Z. japonica in comparison with Z. marina. 相似文献