Pesticide residues in heterogeneous plant populations, a model-based approach applied to nematicides in banana (Musa spp.)     

Tixier P  Chabrier C  Malézieux E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2504-2508

Nematicides are widely used to control plant-parasitic nematodes in intensive export banana (Musa spp.) cropping systems. Data show that the concentration of fosthiazate in banana fruits varies from zero to 0.035 g kg-1, under the maximal residue limit (MRL=0.05 mg kg-1). The fosthiazate concentration in fruit is described by a Gaussian envelope curve function of the interval between pesticide application and fruit harvest (preharvest interval). The heterogeneity of phenological stages in a banana population increases over time, and thus the preharvest interval of fruits harvested after a pesticide application varies over time. A phenological model was used to simulate the long-term harvest dynamics of banana at field scale. Simulations show that the mean fosthiazate concentration in fruits varies according to nematicide application program, climate (temperature), and planting date of the banana field. This method is used to assess the percentage of harvested bunches that exceed a residue threshold and to help farmers minimize fosthiazate residues in bananas.  相似文献   

Inactivation of TNF signaling by rationally designed dominant-negative TNF variants     

Steed PM  Tansey MG  Zalevsky J  Zhukovsky EA  Desjarlais JR  Szymkowski DE  Abbott C  Carmichael D  Chan C  Cherry L  Cheung P  Chirino AJ  Chung HH  Doberstein SK  Eivazi A  Filikov AV  Gao SX  Hubert RS  Hwang M  Hyun L  Kashi S  Kim A  Kim E  Kung J  Martinez SP  Muchhal US  Nguyen DH  O'Brien C  O'Keefe D  Singer K  Vafa O  Vielmetter J  Yoder SC  Dahiyat BI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5641):1895-1898

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.  相似文献   

The effect of autumn treatment of potato tubers with protecting-stimulating preparations on storability and future harvest     

K. A. Pshechenkov  V. N. Zeiruk  V. I. Sedova  S. V. Mal’tsev 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2007,33(1):24-26

The effect of protecting-stimulating preparations has been evaluated when laying for storage potato tubers of the varieties Udacha, Nevskii, and Belosnezhka. High biological and economic significance of autumn treatment of tubers with the preparation Colfugo-super and a mixture of Sprout-stop and Vist was demonstrated.  相似文献   

A thermally re-mendable cross-linked polymeric material     

Chen X  Dam MA  Ono K  Mal A  Shen H  Nutt SR  Sheran K  Wudl F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5560):1698-1702

We have developed a transparent organic polymeric material that can repeatedly mend or "re-mend" itself under mild conditions. The material is a tough solid at room temperature and below with mechanical properties equaling those of commercial epoxy resins. At temperatures above 120 degrees C, approximately 30% (as determined by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) of "intermonomer" linkages disconnect but then reconnect upon cooling, This process is fully reversible and can be used to restore a fractured part of the polymer multiple times, and it does not require additional ingredients such as a catalyst, additional monomer, or special surface treatment of the fractured interface.  相似文献   

Foreign substances in the meat and organs of bulls and pigs fed with pastes made from household and food industry waste in addition to pastes made from poultry droppings     

J Gilka  V Gajd?sková  M Malíková  J Masek  H Docekalová  R Hais  A Láníková  M Pavlasová 《Veterinární medicína》1987,32(12):721-730

The residues of antimicrobial substances, some chlorinated and organophosphate pesticides and chemical elements were studied in the meat and organs of a group of bulls fed food-waste paste for 240 days and a group of bulls fed the same paste with an addition of poultry waste. These residues were also studied in the tissues of pigs fed the food-waste paste for 135 and 151 days until slaughter. The feed ingredients were also examined during the feeding trials. Although some of the residues under study were found in the tissues of the test animals at increased amounts, their concentrations were diluted in the tissues in the majority of cases when the feed pastes were administered. All residue contents recorded in the tissues remained below the permissible limits as given in valid instructions and directives so that the products, i. e. meat and organs, could be deemed digestible on the basis of hygienic evaluation. Hence, from the point of view of the occurrence of residues of foreign substances in edible tissues, the administration of food-waste pastes to farm animals can be considered as admissible.  相似文献   

Chlortetracycline residues in the meat of slaughter calves in relation to transmissible microbial resistance to antibiotics     

M Malíková  Z Matyás 《Veterinární medicína》1980,25(10):627-634

The occurrence of chlortetracycline residues in the meat of slaughter calves in 62% herds under study (the additive of the medicated premix AUREOVIT to feed without observing the withdrawal times) did not influence significantly the Gram-negative resistant and R+ microflora isolated from the same material, in comparison with control herds that were administered no antibiotics. Neither was the spectrum of donors and transferring R plasmids influenced significantly nor the incidence of different resistance determinants. The effect of chlortetracycline addition to feed was negative (at P = 0.05) only in the occurrence of R+ microflora isolated from stable environment where the slaughtered calves had been housed.  相似文献   

The therapeutic effectiveness of reduced doses of neomycin, furazolidone and their combinations in the treatment of diarrhea in calves]     

J Habrda  M Malíková  J Bartos 《Veterinární medicína》1977,22(2):91-89

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Use of the radioimmunologic determination of ochratoxin A mycotoxin in the screening of foods and animal feed of plant origin--cereal type     

J Ruprich  A Pískac  J Malá 《Veterinární medicína》1988,33(3):165-173

Trials were conducted to verify a simple procedure of preparing food and feed samples of plant origin for the radioimmunological assay of ochratoxin A. All 27 food samples subjected to testing met the general hygienic regulations for foods (NPK - ochratoxin A 20 micrograms.kg-1), and so did all 23 samples of the tested feeds. The proposed method of sample preparation is not suitable for the examination of animal-origin foods because some proteins (albumin) might interfere.  相似文献   

Design Characteristics of Spiral Aerator          下载免费PDF全文

Subha M. Roy  Sanjib Moulick  Bimal C. Mal 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(6):898-908

In this study, the performance of a spiral aerator, a modified design of the paddlewheel aerator, was evaluated to determine its applicability in aquaculture ponds. The aeration characteristics of the spiral aerator were determined by conducting aeration experiments in a cement concrete tank of dimension 5 × 5 × 1.5 m. Nondimensional numbers related to oxygen transfer (E) and power consumption (Ne) were proposed and expressed as functions of geometric (number of handles per shaft, n) and dynamic (Froude and Reynolds number) parameters. Simulation equations for oxygen transfer and power consumption based on the Froude criterion were developed. The maximum brake power standard aeration efficiency was achieved at n = 13. Finally, an economic analysis was performed assuming a typical Indian major carp culture pond to determine the optimum rotational speed of the aerator at different pond volumes and dissolved oxygen concentration present in the pond at which the aeration cost is minimized. The results showed that the least aeration cost is achievable when rotational speed of the spiral aerator is only 70 rpm for pond volumes up to 700 m³ and from 120 to 220 rpm for pond volumes exceeding 700 m³.  相似文献   

Factor analysis of fodder yield components in oats     

K. L. Mehra  Bhag Mal  P. R. Sreenath  M. L. Magoon  D. S. Katiyar 《Euphytica》1971,20(4):597-601

Summary The causative sources of common variation of seven components of fodder yield in oats were analysed, using the centroid method of factor analysis. Two factors together accounted for most of the inter-correlations of these characters. Factor 1 had different degrees of positive loading on all characters, the highest being on the fodder yield. Factor 2 affected negatively a few and positively the remaining characters. The plant height and fodder yield were affected positively by Factor 1 and negatively by Factor 2. Factor 1 and 2 were significantly negatively associated with each other. The fodder yield components in the material studied seem to be influenced by the two interacting hormonal systems. The implications of the findings, in selecting for high quality and high yielding varieties of fodder oats, are discussed.  相似文献