排序方式： 共有13条查询结果，搜索用时 644 毫秒
1.
Participatory mapping and GIS are both necessary to model the interactions between humans and their environment. A case study
from the forest margin in the Congo Basin demonstrates how data from participatory community mapping and other social science
methods can be prepared for quantitative modelling. This approach bridged the gap between spatial modelling data and social
decision-making in space by elaborating a geographically consistent social representation of the landscape and giving a geographical
base to the connection between land use, its cultural representation, and its social management. This was achieved through
an iterative process of GIS cartography, using feedback from village informants and field checking, to transpose the spatial
references from participatory mapping sketches into reliable geographic locations. As well as demonstrating the utility of
such data for modelling, this work clarified the distribution of land rights among the six main owner-clans spread through
the eight hamlets in the watershed. The ‘basin’ of spatial resources and its relation to the rules of land use and natural
resource management were defined for each clan. Land-use systems at the forest-agriculture interface in the study area proved
to be complex, strongly driven by social rules and influenced by history and settlement strategies. These social and historical
aspects established the framework within which communities make current decisions and interventions.
The authors thank the people of Akok for their collaboration and hospitality. Village technician Michel Engueng and village
contact Adolphe Ze facilitated and assisted this work. Our thanks also to Julie Mbazo’o and Remy Assoumou, both members of
the ‘social side’ working group of the FLORES modelling team. Christopher Legg’s contribution to the discussion of this work
through his constant reviewing of the CamFlores model is gratefully recognized. Finally, thanks to the whole CIFOR-ACM team
for numerous scientific and methodological inputs. The Italian Foreign Ministry funded the work of Valentina Robiglio (APO-GIS
specialist) through an APO contract with IITA. The European Union (Tropical Forestry budget line DG VIII) contributed to the
CIFOR’s research program on the ‘Adaptive Collaborative Management of Forests’ (ACM) in Africa, and to the Alternative to
Slash and Burn (ASB) program in Cameroon on ‘Environmental Services and Rural Livelihoods’ through the World Agroforestry
Centre. 相似文献
2.
Population decline in the endemic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Kapisillit River,Greenland 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Rasmus Berg Hedeholm Mala Broberg Rasmus Nygaard Peter Grønkjær 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2018,25(5):392-399
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., is found throughout the North Atlantic, with thousands of rivers having spawning populations. In Greenland, spawning is limited to one river in West Greenland, the Kapisillit River (64?N), and the salmon are limited to the lower few kilometres of the system. Using mark–recapture, it was estimated the parr population was 5,953 individuals, and that the population size has declined by 52% since 1959. In spite of this decline, parr density remains high, being between 0.26 and 0.62 parr/m2. Using a historical age‐length key, an estimated minimum of 635 smolt will have descended to the sea in 2017. These will be caught in a fishery currently subject to no regulatory measures and fishing remains the most likely driver of the population decline. The genetically distinct population is endemic to Greenland, and managers should implement measures to conserve this genetic integrity and local biodiversity. 相似文献
3.
Nurilmala Mala Pertiwi Rizsa Mustika Nurhayati Tati Fauzi Shita Batubara Irmanida Ochiai Yoshihiro 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(3):591-599
Fisheries Science - Collagen is one of the biopolymer proteins that may be useful for food and non-food purposes. Recently, even for collagen, it is becoming necessary to meet the requirements of... 相似文献
4.
Manga Essouma François Michel Isabelle Mala William A. Levang Patrice Ambang Zachée Begoude Boyogueno Aimé D. Moisy Charlotte Ngono Françoise Carriere Stéphanie M. 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(5):843-854
Cocoa is a major crop and income source for most farmers and rural households in the Centre, South and South-West regions of Cameroon, where cocoa is generally produced in agroforestry systems. In this country, cocoa-based agroforestry systems (CBAFS) are undergoing multiple changes alongside the rapid changes underway in the natural, economic and socio-political conditions. This study—carried out in the Akongo subregion in central Cameroon—was designed to gain insight into the CBAFS trends and dynamics in the light of those multiple changes. This semi-structured socioeconomic survey involved interviews and direct observations at plot, farm, household and village scales. Overall, forty cocoa growers from ten villages were interviewed and then fifteen cocoa plots were characterized on the basis of the survey findings. They revealed that cocoa was the major crop in this study area, with cocoa plantations occupying three quarters of the total farming area. Three types of CBAFS were identified, which differed according to their vegetation structure, management practices and age of the plantations. Dynamics affecting the structural characteristics and the spatial extension of these systems emerged and were intimately linked to the dynamics of the cocoa farmer population in relation to their context.
相似文献5.
6.
7.
The utilization of bigeye tuna skin as a source of collagen has been increasing the value of these skins. In this study, the quality of the skin was studied first. The skin after 14 h freeze-drying showed a high protein level (65.42% ± 0.06%, db), no histamine and a lack of heavy metals. The collagens were extracted through acid and acid-enzymatic methods. The enzymes used were bromelain, papain, pepsin, and trypsin. The two highest-yield collagens were pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and bromelain-soluble collagen (BSC). Both were type I collagen, based on SDS-PAGE and FTIR analysis. They dissolved very well in dimethyl sulfoxide and distilled water. The pH ranges were 4.60–4.70 and 4.30–4.40 for PSC and BSC, respectively. PSC and BSC were free from As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, and Pb. They showed antioxidant activities, as determined by the DPPH method and the reducing power method. In conclusion, bigeye tuna skin shows good potential as an alternative source of mammalian collagen. Although further work is still required, PSC and BSC showed the potential to be further used as antioxidant compounds in food applications. Other biological tests of these collagens might also lead to other health applications. 相似文献
8.
9.
The primary structure of southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii Mb has been elucidated by molecular cloning techniques. The cDNA of this tuna encoding Mb contained 776 nucleotides, with an open reading frame of 444 nucleotides encoding 147 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region was identical to those of other bluefin tunas (T. thynnus and T. orientalis), thus giving the same amino acid sequences. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, bioinformatic analysis was performed including phylogenic tree, hydropathy plot and homology modeling. In order to investigate the autoxidation profiles, the isolation of Mb was performed from the dark muscle. The water soluble fraction was subjected to ammonium sulfate fractionation (60–90 % saturation) followed by preparative gel electrophoresis. Autoxidation profiles of Mb were delineated at pH 5.6, 6.5 and 7.4 at temperature 37 °C. The autoxidation rate of tuna Mb was slightly higher than that of horse Mb at all pH examined. These results revealed that tuna myoglobin was unstable than that of horse Mb mainly at acidic pH. 相似文献
10.
The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) poses a serious threat to cucurbit production worldwide. Its management by conventional means remains difficult due to their proclivity to oviposite in fruit. In view of the increasing environmental safety concerns, use of biocontrol agents for sustainable pest control holds immense potential. Given this, the study intended to identify the cultivable bacteria inhabiting the intestinal tract of adult male and female melon fruit flies (Bactrocera cucurbitae) separately from field-collected population, and to assess the attractiveness of these bacteria to the fly. All selected bacterial isolates were identified and characterized based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Bacterial community identified in the gut of B. cucurbitae predominantly composed of Enterobacteriaceae followed by Staphylococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Bacillaceae and Brucellaceae. Further, the laboratory bioassay was employed to examine the attractiveness of the supernatant as well as whole culture broth of 10 different species of bacteria to B. cucurbitae adults. Among these, Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter freundii followed by Bacillus cereus were found highly attractive to fruit flies. The field experiment using supernatant of two bacteria demonstrated that the K. oxytoca was significantly more attractive to female flies followed by C. freundii. 相似文献