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An 18‐year‐old male castrated jaguar (Panthera onca) was presented with anorexia and continuous bleeding from the oral cavity after a history of fighting with the partner animal. Clinical evaluation revealed ulcerating lesions on the gingiva and hard palate and a hematoma on the tongue. Computed tomography of the head and endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach were unremarkable. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed severe nonregenerative anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, and moderate azotemia. Several PCRs for feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M heamominutium, M turicensis), Babesia felis, and Bartonella spp., as well as an FeLV antigen test were negative. The cytologic examination of a bone marrow aspirate was consistent with ineffective erythropoiesis, most likely due to immune‐mediated destruction of the erythroid precursor cells. Prednisolone therapy was initiated (1.25 mg/kg/day), and the CBC returned to normal 16 days after the initiation of the therapy. Anemia relapsed after 4 months and severe splenomegaly was noted. A repeat bone marrow aspirate revealed active erythropoiesis in the presence of erythroid precursor phagocytosis suggesting an immune‐mediated process. Splenic fine‐needle aspiration and tissue biopsies were taken, and all findings including histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Five days later, the clinical condition deteriorated and the jaguar died. Histopathology following necropsy showed infiltration with neoplastic lymphoblasts in the spleen, liver, and abdominal lymph nodes. This case report describes a nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia associated with a DLBCL in a jaguar.  相似文献   
2.
The Brazilian sardine is the most important fishery resource in Brazil. Their production has declined along the last 30 years due the overfishing, climatic and oceanographic phenomena. This study was carried out to determine the optimal feeding frequency for juvenile Brazilian sardine based on growth, feed efficiency, feed intake and body composition. Six feeding frequencies of one, two, three, four, five and six times a day were evaluated in triplicate tanks for 50 days. Fish with initial mean weight of 3.29 ± 0.56 g were fed daily to apparent satiation. The results showed that fish fed once daily had lower body weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor (P < 0.05) compared with other treatments. The feed efficiency ratio in fish fed once daily was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those fed two or more times a day. No significant differences were observed in the coefficient of variation in body weight (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Feed intake was directly proportional to the feeding frequency. Fish fed once daily showed lower hepatosomatic and mesenteric fat indices (P < 0.05) than the other treatments. Neither protein nor ash content of fish were significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding frequency. However, the lipid content increased with feeding frequency. The results suggest that the optimal feeding frequency for juvenile Brazilian sardine is at least twice daily.  相似文献   
3.
A six‐week growth trial was performed to estimate the dietary protein requirements for maximum growth of juvenile Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) based on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and digestive enzyme activity. Six isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain protein levels that increased from 250 to 500 g/kg. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 160 fish with mean initial body weight of 0.93 ± 0.13 g, which were fed four times a day to apparent satiation. Growth tended to increase with the increase in the dietary protein level up to 400 g/kg. Total protein intake was indirectly correlated to apparent protein utilization. No significant differences in whole‐body composition were found between fish fed the different protein levels. Acid protease and neutral lipase activities did not show significant differences among the different protein dietary groups. Alkaline protease activity increased in fish fed up to 350 g/kg of protein and amylase activity in fish fed up to 400 g/kg. Using polynomial regression, 367 g/kg was estimated to be the optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum weight gain of juvenile Brazilian sardines.  相似文献   
4.
Tracheal collapse is a progressive disease particularly of small breed dogs. In the terminal stage, when dyspnea becomes the dominating sign and is no longer manageable with medical treatment, a surgical procedure is necessary. With increasing frequency intraluminal tracheal stents are implanted minimal-invasively. In individual animals this is a lifesaving procedure, leading to immediate elimination of dyspnea. In most dogs cough for some time has to be anticipated as the stent acts as a foreign body, but severe complications like excessive formation of granulation tissue, stent migration or stent fracture are rare. Stents represent an attractive treatment modality for tracheal collapse in dogs with dyspnea.  相似文献   
5.
The limited availability of live bait for capturing skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, is a bottleneck to increasing tuna production in many parts of the world. Therefore, a nutrition trial was performed to contribute to the production of the Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis, for use as live bait. This study determined the best dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio (CHO:L) for juvenile Brazilian sardines based on growth performance, feed utilisation, body composition, blood metabolites and digestive enzyme activity. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with increased CHO:L ratios (2.05, 3.41, 4.15, 5.11, 5.80 and 6.72). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 100 fish with mean initial body weight of 2.97 ± 0.51 g, which were fed four times a day to apparent satiation. Survival was not affected by differences in diet, however, a low CHO:L ratio stimulated growth. Juveniles fed with a rich‐carbohydrate diet inhibit feed intake and protein intake. Body lipid increased as dietary lipid increased and was inversely correlated to body moisture. The diets did not affect the juvenile's blood metabolites. Alkaline and acid protease activities were not significantly different, but lipase and amylase responded positively to the dietary lipids and carbohydrates. Using segmented regression, the optimum CHO:L ratio for maximum weight gain of juvenile Brazilian sardines was estimated to be 3.41, which contain approximately 300 g kg?1 carbohydrate and 88 g kg?1 lipid.  相似文献   
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7.
A 6‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding rate on growth performance, body composition, plasma metabolites and enzyme activities, and to determine the optimal feeding rate for juvenile Brazilian sardine. Fish were fed at six feeding rates, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10% BWday?1 (body weight per day) and until satiation (10.3% BWday?1). The survival of fish fed at 2%–6%BWday?1 was significantly higher (p < .05) than the survival of fish fed at the other feeding rates. The final body weight and specific growth rate significantly increased (p < .05) with increasing feeding rates while feed utilization decreased. Total proteins, cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations increased significantly with increasing feeding rates; however, there was no significant effect on glucose levels. Body protein and ash contents were not affected by the feeding rates. Whole‐body lipid content increased significantly as the feeding rate increased, while moisture content had an opposite trend. Proteases and amylase activities significantly decreased with increasing feeding rates, while lipase activity was not influenced by the feeding rate. Our results suggest that low feeding rates stimulate mobilization of metabolites to supply energy for the maintenance of overall metabolism and digestive enzyme activities increase to enhance feed utilization. The optimum feeding rate of juvenile Brazilian sardine based on PRR as determined by the second‐order polynomial regression was 5.45% BWday?1.  相似文献   
8.
This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of common snook Centropomus undecimalis larvae and juveniles exposed to acute concentrations of un-ionized ammonia for 96 h at 35g L?1 salinity, after 24 h starvation. For that, 10 larvae (20.85 ± 1.46 mm) of 47 days post hatch (DPH) per experimental unit (1.5 L) were exposed to 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.65 ± 0.04, 1.29 ± 0.09, 2.59 ± 0.18, 3.88 ± 0.27, 5.17 ± 0.34, and 6.47 ± 0.43 mg L?1 NH3, in triplicates, at 26.72 ± 0.08°C, dissolved oxygen at 5.72 ± 0.10 mg L?1 and pH 8.45 ± 0.06. During this period, no mortalities were observed. Another trial was performed with five juveniles (20.35 ± 6.10 g, 13.90 ± 1.75 cm) per experimental unit (60 L) exposed to 0.00 ± 0.00, 2.26 ± 0.07, 2.68 ± 0.11, 3.20 ± 0.13, 3.68 ± 0.17, and 4.27 ± 0.16 mg L?1 NH3, in triplicates, at 21.90 ± 0.76°C, dissolved oxygen at 6.27 ± 0.21 mg L?1 and pH at 8.38 ± 0.04. Fish mortality increased as ammonia concentrations increased at each day, and LC50 96 h was 3.52 mg L?1 NH3. Larvae were less sensitive than juveniles, demonstrating that the environmental toxicity of ammonia to common snook is influenced by age. Sublethal exposition to ammonia caused histological damages in gills of common snook juveniles and variation on glucose levels, hematocrit, and red blood cells number, showing negative effects on fish homeostasis. Moreover, compared to other species, the common snook has great resistance to ammonia.  相似文献   
9.
Wildlife ranching is the fastest growing industry in South Africa, with most ranches having been converted from large-scale livestock farms. This article investigated perceptions and attitudes of rural communities located in wildlife-rich rural areas toward integrated wildlife/livestock land uses, and analyzed socio-demographic factors influencing household interest in these land uses. Data were collected from 130 households selected through stratified random sampling techniques from nine villages adjacent to the Kruger National Park. Results showed a general interest in pursuing wildlife land uses, but differences in attitudes toward wildlife between households with cattle and without. Multinomial regression results indicated that age, education level, monthly income, and cattle ownership significantly impacted the odds of a household being interested in participation or not. Addressing concerns about human–wildlife conflict and clarifying potential benefits to households and the community is necessary for increased interest in integrated land uses.  相似文献   
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