排序方式： 共有8条查询结果，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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Blight LK Ainley DG Ackley SF Ballard G Ballerini T Brownell RL Cheng CH Chiantore M Costa D Coulter MC Dayton P Devries AL Dunbar R Earle S Eastman JT Emslie SD Evans CW Garrott RA Kim S Kooyman G Lescroël A Lizotte M Massaro M Olmastroni S Ponganis PJ Russell J Siniff DB Smith WO Stewart BS Stirling I Willis J Wilson P Woehler EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6009):1316
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Valeriano Parravicini Simon F. Thrush Mariachiara Chiantore 《Biological conservation》2010,143(11):2435-2440
Two major concerns affect the way we perceive impacts: first, no ecosystem can still be considered pristine and second, stressors may interact. Untangling the effects of broad-scale anthropogenic stressors is complicated as appropriate unimpacted areas at relevant scales are usually unavailable for contrast with impacted regions. Although the perfect study design in the traditions of small-scale manipulative experiments may not always be possible, many human impacts and the mechanisms associated with ecosystem responses have been highlighted in literature allowing contrasting predictions on expected patterns to be tested. We applied such an approach to the Marine Protected Area of Bergeggi (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean). Our study aimed at assessing the effects of recreational angling (a presumed chronic stress) on the recovery of epibenthic communities following historical date-mussel harvesting (an extreme disturbance) by making and testing alternative predictions on the structure of epibenthic communities that should be apparent depending on the importance of specific mechanisms. Effects of date-mussel harvesting were still visible 20 years after its cessation, mostly because recovery is hampered by persistent sea-urchin grazing. We hypothesized that fish biomass removal by angling favours high sea urchin abundance. Based on these premises, we assembled information on angling pressure, sea urchin abundance and substratum cover by different trophic guilds to test our predictions. Our study indicates that the interaction between date-mussel harvesting and angling produced a shift, from autotrophic-dominated to consumer-dominated communities as a consequence of cascading trophic effects. Such an outcome implies that chronic recreation fishing pressure is blocking recovery in locations previously impacted by date-mussel harvesting. Testing predictions proved efficient in describing the interaction among stressors when system history is known and represents a valuable approach to provide scientifically sound insight for improved conservation management. 相似文献
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Ermelinda Prato Mariachiara Chiantore Maeve S. Kelly Adam D. Hughes Philip James Maria Paola Ferranti Francesca Biandolino Isabella Parlapiano Benedetto Sicuro Giovanni Fanelli 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(1):185-202
Three formulated diets were tested to evaluate their effects on gonad quality in Paracentrotus lividus. Experiments were conducted in parallel by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) of Taranto (trial 1) and the University of Genoa (trial 2), in land-based systems. In both trials, somatic and gonadsomatic index (GSI) were measured and the nutritional profile of the sea urchins has determined significant variations in the biochemical composition. Sea urchins fed the experimental diets contained higher levels of nutrients (protein and lipid and carbohydrate) compared to wild sea urchins. However, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially EPA and DHA, and the n-3/n-6 ratio were lower in urchins fed with formulated diets. In both trials, sea urchins fed with diet 2 (SABS) showed a similar profile with PUFAs higher than SAFAs and MUFAs, the highest UNS/SAT ratio, although the highest n3/n6 ratio was observed in the group fed diet 3 (CNR). Atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic indices showed the best values in sea urchins fed diet 2 in both trials. 相似文献
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Gilda Savonitto Gina De La Fuente Enrico Tordoni Saul Ciriaco Marina Srijemsi Giovanni Bacaro Mariachiara Chiantore Annalisa Falace 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1611-1623
- The worldwide decline of marine forests, due to human impacts and climate change, emphasizes the need to develop and implement effective and sustainable solutions to restore these endangered habitats and to re-establish the services they provide.
- In this study, the ex situ restoration of Gongolaria barbata (=Treptacantha barbata), a Mediterranean subtidal habitat-forming species of brown seaweed, was for the first time implemented in a marine protected area in the Adriatic Sea. Two restoration efforts were performed in 2019. The first was started in winter, after a marine heatwave that triggered early fertility, and the second in spring, when the species usually reproduces.
- This study aimed to evaluate: (i) the disruptive effects of a thermal anomaly on the reproductive biology and performance in culture of G. barbata; and (ii) the impact of the grazing pressure on juveniles after the outplanting.
- The first cultivation was more productive than the second, in terms of zygote release and germling growth. To mitigate the low efficiency of the second culture and to avoid prolonged highly demanding maintenance in the mesocosms, the cultivation period was extended outdoors using a structure suspended in the water column.
- The modular frames conceived for outplanting G. barbata proved to be effective because of their easy operability and low cost. Controlling for herbivorous fish had significant positive effects on both juvenile survival and growth.
- The outcomes highlighted that an unpredictable climatic event and fish grazing were major threats that impaired the restoration process of G. barbata. These stressors should be considered when developing plans to implement effective large-scale restoration of canopy-forming macroalgae.
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Since 1988, geomorphologic research based on field surveys and photo-geological analysis, has been conducted in southern Tuscany (Italy), in areas characterised by very rapid morphological evolution. In the area outcrop Pliocene marine claystones uplifted during the Quaternary up to 750 m above sea level, now undergoing intense erosion processes, leading to considerable badlands formation. Morphodynamic analysis, conduced by direct and indirect measurements in a sample area, were taken in order to quantify the erosion rate in badland areas. The “Torrente Piantrafolla” sample area was chosen as representative of the study area; it was most recently monitored during the period Nov. 2000–Feb. 2004. At this time, morphographic and morphometric analyses carried out in selected measurement stations located on slopes, identified gravity as the main morphogenetic process responsible for slope shaping. The calanchi badland areas are characterised by constant and rapid shrinking of their edges resulting from landslides which occur in autumn and winter as a consequence of intense rainstorms. Selected measurement stations indicate an erosion rate value range from 5 to 7.5 cm/y. The comparison between 1976 and 1994 digital elevation models (DEM), obtained from photogrammetric restitution, indicated a mean erosion rate of about 5 cm/y in a nineteen year period. This value, considerably higher than the values measured in other Italian basins, indicate a very rapid evolution of the slopes, due mainly to small earth flows inside calanchi badlands. 相似文献
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Artificial reproduction protocol,from spawning to metamorphosis,through noninvasive methods in Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758 
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下载免费PDF全文 Maria Paola Ferranti Davide Monteggia Valentina Asnaghi Mariachiara Chiantore 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3386-3391
Controlled reproduction is a requirement for developing effective mollusc cultivation for commercial or restoration purposes. In this study, a protocol for spawning induction using noninvasive methods in limpets was developed, using the common Mediterranean species, Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758. Six nonlethal spawning induction treatments were tested: three chemical (two concentrations of H2O2 and KCl) and three physical (bubbling, warm and cold thermal shock). All treatments, except thermal shocks, induced the spawning of fertile gametes. Bubbling resulted the best treatment in providing spawning response, being the easiest and least invasive method tested. After eggs fertilization, larval development was followed until metamorphosis, testing fed and unfed conditions. Settlement took place after 7 days. The developed protocol represents a benchmark for further application to other limpets, for aquaculture or repopulation. 相似文献
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Maria Paola Ferranti Javier Guallart Virginia Cortella Giacomo Terenziani Mariachiara Chiantore 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1912-1917
- Effectiveness of restoration/repopulation measures may be strongly hindered by the ability of the target species to cope with the environmental conditions of the receiving area.
- Although a species has been reported previously for a given area, the environmental conditions and human pressures may have changed, potentially making any restoration attempt ineffective. Evidence is provided showing that the endangered ferruginous limpet Patella ferruginea can complete its reproductive cycle in the northernmost sector of the western Mediterranean.
- This supports the idea that the reintroduction and the strict protection of P. ferruginea in the extreme north of its historical geographic range could be effective for the recovery of the species in this area and ultimately the establishment of reproductively viable and stable populations.
- Verification of gonadal maturation of specimens experimentally established on the Gulf of Genoa (Ligurian Sea) coastline, as well as evidence of sex change in one individual (the first outside the Alboran Sea), provides further support of the potential for individuals to complete their reproductive cycle in this area.
- The results support the potential of actions for the restoration of viable populations of the species along the Ligurian coasts through the introduction of juveniles obtained exclusively by aquaculture techniques, in order to mitigate any impact on donor sites.
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