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1.
Wenresti G Gallardo Myrna N Bautista-Teruel Armando C Fermin & Clarissa L Marte 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(10):839-842
A method of marking abalone (Haliotis asinina Linne) for sea ranching and stock enhancement purposes was developed. Three‐month‐old abalone juveniles (11.8‐mm shell length, 0.28 g) were fed artificial diets for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. The width of the bluish‐green shell band produced by abalone juveniles was 1.7, 2.6, and 4.2 mm after 1, 2, or 3 weeks of feeding respectively. The growth and survival of juveniles fed artificial diets did not differ from that of juveniles fed the seaweed Gracilariopsis bailinae (control). Feeding the diet‐fed juveniles with the seaweed thereafter produced the natural brownish shell, thus forming a sandwiched bluish‐green band. An experimental release in outdoor tanks with natural growth of seaweeds and diatoms, and in a marine reserve showed that the shell band remained clear and distinct, indicating the usefulness of this shell marking method in sea ranching and stock enhancement of abalone. 相似文献
2.
Gelfand MJ Raver JL Nishii L Leslie LM Lun J Lim BC Duan L Almaliach A Ang S Arnadottir J Aycan Z Boehnke K Boski P Cabecinhas R Chan D Chhokar J D'Amato A Ferrer M Fischlmayr IC Fischer R Fülöp M Georgas J Kashima ES Kashima Y Kim K Lempereur A Marquez P Othman R Overlaet B Panagiotopoulou P Peltzer K Perez-Florizno LR Ponomarenko L Realo A Schei V Schmitt M Smith PB Soomro N Szabo E Taveesin N Toyama M Van de Vliert E Vohra N Ward C Yamaguchi S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6033):1100-1104
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change. 相似文献
3.
Ingerd S. Hofgaard Leslie A. Wanner Anne Marte Tronsmo 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):315-323
Abstract The effect of plant age and cold hardening on resistance to pink snow mould caused by Microdochium nivale was studied in perennial ryegrass. Resistance to M. nivale was estimated as relative regrowth after inoculation and incubation under artificial snow cover at 2°C. Resistance increased with increasing plant age. Cold hardened and unhardened plants of the same age displayed identical resistance. Preliminary studies indicate that expression of genes coding for the PR proteins chitinase and PR-1a increased during incubation of inoculated perennial ryegrass, but no clear difference in expression of these genes was found between plants of different ages, or in hardened versus unhardened plants. 相似文献
4.
Motoaki Tojo Tamotsu Hoshino María Luz Herrero Sonja Sletner Klemsdal Anne Marte Tronsmo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(7):761-765
Pythium ultimum var. ultimum was isolated from carrot seedlings with damping off and from soil used for growing the plant in a greenhouse on Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard. The fungus caused severe damping off of carrot, cucumber and tomato seedlings after artificial inoculation. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of the Svalbard isolate were identical to those of Canadian and Japanese isolates of P. ultimum var. ultimum. The results suggest that the pathogen in the greenhouse on Svalbard was probably introduced from temperate regions through contaminated plants and/or soil imported to the island. This is the first record of P. ultimum var. ultimum within the Arctic zone. 相似文献
5.
Alemayehu Chala Anne Marte Tronsmo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(2):179-189
Field experiments were conducted in the 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons in Wolayta, southern Ethiopia, to assess the reaction
of 56 Ethiopian sorghum accessions and two susceptible checks (AL70 and BTx623) to anthracnose from naturally occurring inoculum.
Final anthracnose severity (FAS), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC, where a commonly used susceptible
cultivar, AL70, was set to 1), and anthracnose progress rate were used as evaluation parameters. All the evaluation parameters
revealed significant variation among the tested accessions. In 2007, anthracnose severity varied between 6.6 and 77.7%, and
in 2008 it ranged from 9.7% to 76%. The Ethiopian sorghum accessions had rAUDPC ranging from 0.13 to 0.88 in 2007 and from
0.18 to 1.35 in 2008. Anthracnose progress rate varied between 0.02 and 0.06 and from 0.01 to 0.05 units per day in 2007 and
2008, respectively. Results from the three parameters were highly correlated (0.18–0.87), suggesting FAS would be a suitable
selection parameter for germplasm screening. Fifteen accessions in 2007 and 18 in 2008 were rated as resistant, with six accessions
rated as resistant in both years, suggesting germplasm from Ethiopia would be useful for breeding resistance to anthracnose. 相似文献
6.
Annalisa Polverari Roberto Buonaurio Samantha Guiderdone Mario Pezzotti Mario Marte 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(5):423-431
Ultrastructural details of the hypersensitive reaction induced by infiltration with avirulent race 2 Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper Early Calwonder-10R leaves (incompatible interaction) are reported. Affected cells displayed plasmalemma undulations and disruption, lysis of the chloroplast membrane, degeneration of other organelles, general cytoplasm disorganisation and, often, protoplast shrinkage. The nuclei contained large masses of electron-dense material, apparently formed by chromatin aggregation. In many cases a single chromatin-like layer was deposited on the inner side of the nuclear envelope leaving a finely granular matrix in the centre of the nucleus; the nucleolus usually disappeared. The nuclear envelope was sometimes ruptured and the internal matrix leaked into the cytoplasm. The content of many affected cells eventually coagulated and became very electron-dense. The walls often collapsed. All these alterations were especially visible in spongy mesophyll cells at sites where bacteria occurred in the intercellular spaces. Although some of the nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations recall certain aspects of apoptotic cell death, molecular determinations did not reveal any DNA degradation in hypersensitively reacting tissues. The first cell alterations in leaves infected with the virulent bacterial race 1 (compatible interaction) were observed only 27h after inoculation, when the cytoplasm of some cells showed limited internal disorganisation and plasmolysis at sites where bacterial colonies developed. 相似文献
7.
Ingerd S. Hofgaard Åshild Ergon Birgitte Henriksen Anne Marte Tronsmo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):269-281
The effect of potential resistance inducing chemicals on disease development of Fusarium head blight was studied in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). As a pre-screening test, the effect of different treatments on development of Microdochium majus (syn. Microdochium nivale var. majus) was studied in detached leaves. Based on these tests, DL-3-aminobutyric acid, Bion (benzo-(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic
acid S-methyl ester), and a foliar fertilizer containing potassium phosphite were selected for further studies. Greenhouse-grown
winter wheat was sprayed with aqueous solutions of the potential resistance inducers 7 days prior to Fusarium culmorum point inoculation of the heads. Disease development was registered as number of bleached spikelets per inoculated spike.
Spraying plants with the foliar fertilizer reduced the disease severity of F. culmorum by up to 40%. A reduced disease development of M. majus was also observed in detached leaves pre-treated with the foliar fertilizer. When the foliar fertilizer was added to the
growth medium, a reduced in vitro growth of M. majus and F. culmorum was observed, indicating that the effect on disease development is at least partly due to a fungistatic effect. No significant
reduction in disease development was observed in wheat pre-treated with DL-3-aminobutyric acid or Bion, although these compounds
tended to reduce disease development, especially when applied in combination with other potential resistance inducers. We
conclude that spraying winter wheat with a solution containing potassium phosphite can reduce development of M. majus and F. culmorum. 相似文献
8.
C. L. Marte N. M. Sherwood L. W. Crim B. Harvey 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1987,60(3-4):303-310
The response of mature female captive milkfish to mammalian and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (mGnRH-A and sGnRH-A) was investigated. Prior to spawning, six groups of three females received (1) 10–16 μg mGnRH-A from an osmotic pump implanted intraperitoneally (IP); (2) 100 μg mGnRH-A from a cholesterol/cellulose pellet implanted IP; (3) 10 μg/kg mGnRH-A as an intramuscular (IM) injection; (4) 10–16 μg sGnRH-A from an osmotic pump implanted IP; (5) 100 μg sGnRH-A from a cholesterol/cellulose pellet implanted IP, and (6) a cholesterol/cellulose pellet without analogue implanted IP.
The most effective treatment was 100 μg sGnRH-A/fish given in a cholesterol/cellulose pellet; all (3/3) of the fish spawned. However, mGnRH-A was more effective (2/3) compared with sGnRH-A (1/3) if osmotic pumps were used to administer GnRH-A. If the dose and method of administration were not considered, then the salmon and mammalian GnRH analogues were equally effective (62–67%) for induction of ovulation and natural spawning in milkfish. Gonads of control fish regressed.
At the doses tested, injections or pellet implantations were more effective compared with osmotic pumps. All pellet-implanted and injected females responded to treatment and 75% (6/8) spawned; half (3/6) of the pump-implanted females spawned. Spawning occurred from 18 to 36 h after treatment. 相似文献
9.
Balmford A Bennun L Brink BT Cooper D Côte IM Crane P Dobson A Dudley N Dutton I Green RE Gregory RD Harrison J Kennedy ET Kremen C Leader-Williams N Lovejoy TE Mace G May R Mayaux P Morling P Phillips J Redford K Ricketts TH Rodríguez JP Sanjayan M Schei PJ van Jaarsveld AS Walther BA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5707):212-213
10.
Rolando S. J. Gapasin Veronica R. Alava Clarissa L. Marte 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3):221-234
This study compared co-feeding zooplankton (ZP, mixed copepods and mysids) and formulated diets (FD) supplemented with L-tryptophan (TRP) on the survival and growth of grouper and sea bass fry nursed in brackish water ponds. Grouper (84 fry m?3) and sea bass (150 fry m?3) were reared for 30 days and 60 days, respectively, in net cages within two separate 743 m2 nursery ponds. Five treatments (with three replicates each) were compared (P < 0.05): FD-1 = ZP + basal FD (no added TRP, but containing 0.29% endogenous TRP); FD-2 = ZP + (FD 0.58% TRP); FD-3 = ZP + (FD 1.22% TRP); FD-4 = ZP + (FD 2.50% TRP); and FD-5 = minced fish (Sardinella sp.) + basal FD (no additional TRP). TRP supplementation in grouper diets produced no significant affect on growth but increased survival at rates of 0.58% and above. TRP supplementation at 2.5% (FD-4) produced significantly better sea bass growth than other diets but had no affect on survival. Zooplankton improved both survival and growth in both grouper and sea bass juveniles compared to the minced fish diet, and may be a practical and lower cost alternative to indoor nursing. 相似文献