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1.
Influence of death struggle on the structural changes in chub mackerel muscle during chilled storage
Masashi Ando Masao Joka Satoshi Mochizuki Koh-Ichi Satoh Yasuyuki Tsukamasa Yasuo Makinodan 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(4):744-751
ABSTRACT: Chub mackerel (34–35 cm, approximately 500 g), which were caught by fishing with a rod and line at the Bungo Channel, Oita prefecture, were rested overnight in a fish preserve and either killed by decapitation (control group) or allowed to struggle in air for 30 min (struggled group). Muscle samples were excised every 4 h, and measurements on breaking strength and histological observations were done for both groups. The breaking strength of muscle in the control group was significantly higher than that in the struggled group, whereby a decrease in breaking strength was delayed for 12 h compared to the struggled group. Light microscopy showed space extension among muscle cells in association with a decrease in breaking strength. Especially in the struggled group, the extended area was larger and the difference in area was significant at the time when breaking strength showed a significant difference. Using electron microscopy, the extended area showed cut and/or disappeared collagen fibrils. From these results, it was demonstrated that struggling to death promoted the degradation of collagen fibrils and the weakening of connective tissue and, resultantly, led to the faster softening of muscle of chub mackerel. 相似文献
2.
Immunoperoxidase intibody (IPA) test was developed for detecting antibody against transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus of pigs. The IPA antibody titers in sera collected in the field from 82 pigs were approximately seven times higher than those obtained in a serum-neutralization test. The correlation between the TGE antibody concentrations in the IPA and serum neutralization tests was positive (r = +0.74). The IPA tests appears to have the potential for routine laboratory use for serologic diagnosis of TGE. 相似文献
3.
Hideki Takahashi Ayano Shimizu Tsutomu Arie Syofi Rosmalawati Sumire Fukushima Mari Kikuchi Yasufumi Hikichi Ayami Kanda Akiko Takahashi Akinori Kiba Kohei Ohnishi Yuki Ichinose Fumiko Taguchi Chihiro Yasuda Motoichiro Kodama Mayumi Egusa Chikara Masuta Hiroyuki Sawada Daisuke Shibata Koichi Hori Yuichiro Watanabe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):8-22
Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar Micro-Tom is a miniature tomato with many advantages for studies of the molecular biology and physiology of plants. To evaluate the suitability of Micro-Tom as a host plant for the study of pathogenesis, Micro-Tom plants were inoculated with 16 well-known fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of tomato. Athelia rolfsii, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Oidium sp., Phytophthora infestans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused typical symptoms and sporulated abundantly on Micro-Tom. Micro-Tom was resistant to Alternaria alternata, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium oxysporum. When Micro-Tom was inoculated with 17 isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum, many isolates induced wilt symptoms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens also was pathogenic, causing crown galls on stem tissue after needle prick inoculation. In Micro-Tom sprayed with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, P. s. pv. tabaci, or P. s. pv. glycinea, bacterial populations did not increase, and yellow lesions appeared only on leaves sprayed with P. s. pv. tomato. Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato aspermy virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus systemically infected Micro-Tom, which developed symptoms characteristic of other cultivars of tomato after infection with the respective virus. These results indicated that Micro-Tom was generally susceptible to most of the important tomato pathogens and developed typical symptoms, whereas certain pathogens were restricted by either hypersensitive resistance or nonhost resistance on Micro-Tom. Therefore, an assortment of Micro-Tom–pathogen systems should provide excellent models for studying the mechanism of susceptible and resistant interactions between plants and pathogens. 相似文献
4.
Hideki OGISO Masashi FUJINAGA Hideki SAITO Toshiaki TAKEHARA Shigeru YAMANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):292-299
One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using
differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility
groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1,
and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city.
All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on
minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible
isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible
isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned
to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum.
Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002 相似文献
5.
Minimal Set of Metabolic Pathways Suggested from the Genome of Onion Yellows Phytoplasma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
6.
Hitomi NAKABAYASHI Yasuyuki YAMAJI Satoshi KAGIWADA Masashi UGAKI Shigetou NAMBA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(2):173-176
The complete nucleotide sequence was determined for genomic RNA of White clover mosaic virus (WClMV-RC) isolated from red clover (Trifolium pratense) in Japan, It is 5843 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus. Similar to other potexviruses,
it contains five open reading frames (ORFs 1 through 5), which putatively encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (147
kDa), a triple gene block (TGB) (26 kDa/13 kDa/7 kDa), and a coat protein (CP) (22 kDa), respectively. The deduced amino acid
sequence of the WClMV-RC CP was identical to that of WClMV-O, one of two New Zealand isolates, but only 85% identical to that
of WClMV-M, the other New Zealand isolate, because of heterogeneity in the C-termini of CP amino acid sequences. The implication
of this CP heterogeneity is discussed.
Received 30 August 2001/ Accepted in revised form 11 January 2002 相似文献
7.
8.
Spake Rebecca Soga Masashi Kawamura Kazuhiro Cooke Robert S. Yamaura Yuichi Eigenbrod Felix 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(5):1055-1071
Landscape Ecology - Functional responses to landscape heterogeneity are context-dependent, hampering the transferability of landscape-scale conservation initiatives. Japan provides a unique... 相似文献
9.
Expression dynamics of bovine MX genes in the endometrium and placenta during
early to mid pregnancy
Takahiro SHIROZU Keisuke SASAKI Manabu KAWAHARA Yojiro YANAGAWA Masashi NAGANO Nobuhiko YAMAUCHI Masashi TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):29-35
MX belongs to a family of type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes, and the MX protein has
antiviral activity. MX has at least two isoforms, known as MX1 and
MX2, in mammals. Moreover, bovine MX1 has been found to have alternative
splice variants—namely, MX1-a and MX1B. In ruminants, IFN-τ—a type I IFN—is
temporarily produced from the conceptus before implantation and induces MX expression in the
endometrium. However, the expression dynamics of MX after implantation are not clear. In the
present study, we investigated the expression of MX1-a, MX1B and
MX2 in the endometrium and placenta before and after implantation along with the expression
of IFN-α, type I receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) and
interferon regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF9). Pregnant uterine samples were
divided into five groups according to pregnancy days 14–18, 25–40, 50–70, 80–100, and 130–150. Tissue samples
were collected from the intercaruncular endometrium (IC), caruncular endometrium (C) and fetal placenta (P).
Although all the MX expressions were significantly higher in the IC and C at days 14–18,
presumably caused by embryo-secreted IFN-τ stimulation, their expressions were also detectable in the IC, C
and P after implantation. Furthermore, IFN-α expression was significantly higher in the IC.
RT-PCR indicated IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IRF3 and
IRF9 mRNA in all the tissues during pregnancy. These results suggest that all the
MX genes are affected by the type I IFN pathway during pregnancy and are involved in an
immune response to protect the mother and fetus. 相似文献
10.
Takabatake N Okamura M Yokoyama N Okubo K Ikehara Y Igarashi I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(10):999-1004
Host sialic acid (SA) has recently been suggested to play an important role in erythrocyte (RBC) infection by Babesia spp. The present study attempted to further determine the specific type of SAs important in the RBC invasion. Bovine RBC was found to bear abundant alpha2-3-linked SA residues but not alpha2-6-linked SA in nature, confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of the neuraminidase (Nm)-treated RBCs. Lectin-blot analyses revealed the removal of alpha2-3-linked SAs from the 97-, 33-, and 31-kDa bands by the Nm treatment. Addition of the Nm-treated RBCs into an in vitro culture of B. bovis resulted in a decreased population of the parasitized RBCs. The thin smear samples from the cultures were then observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope after staining with the alpha2-3-linked SA-specific lectin: a selective invasion of B. bovis was found only in the intact RBCs bearing the SAs, but not in the desialylated RBCs. Furthermore, a significant reduction of the parasitized RBCs was also observed in the culture supplemented with exogenous 3'-sialyllactose containing the alpha2-3-linked SAs. However, the complete inhibition of parasite proliferation was not achieved in the culture. These findings indicate that while the alpha2-3-linked SA-dependent pathway is needed for highly efficient invasion of host RBCs by B. bovis, there might also be other potential alternative pathways. 相似文献