排序方式： 共有9条查询结果，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1
1.
Henrik Brinch-Pedersen Claus Krogh MadsenInger Bæksted Holme Giuseppe Dionisio 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
The present paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on cereal phytase that are particular relevant for improving mineral and phosphate bio-availability. Phytases can initiate the hydrolysis of phytate, the main storage form of phosphate in cereals and the major anti-nutritional factor for the bio-availability of micronutrients in human nutrition. The composition and levels of mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) in cereals is of central importance for efficient phytate hydrolysis. The MGPA varies considerably between species. Substantial activity is present in Triticeae tribe cereals like wheat, barley and rye whereas non-Triticeae cereals such as maize and rice have very little MGPA. Recent studies have determined the evolutionary relationships of phytases in Triticeae and non-Triticeae and highlighted the importance of the purple acid phosphatase phytases (PAPhys). In the Triticeae, PAPhys are synthesized during grain development (PAPhy_a) and during germination (PAPhy_b). In non-Triticeae species, only PAPhys that are mainly synthesized during germination were identified. The new knowledge provides new opportunities for modulating the MGPA in Triticeae cereals but also indicates that nutritionally relevant levels of MGPA are unlikely to be achieved in non-Triticeae by conventional breeding. Increasing MGPA in barley via cisgenesis is discussed. 相似文献
2.
Three rapid agglutination assays for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus Monostaph (Bionor A/S, Skien, Norway), Staphyslide-Test (BioMerieux, Lyon, France) and Staph-Rapid-Test (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), were compared. A total of 104 Gram-positive, catalase positive cocci were tested: Nineteen Staphylococcus reference strains comprising 15 spp. (4 strains were coagulase positive), and 7 Micrococcus reference strains comprising 4 spp.; 22 food isolates comprising 13 S. aureus, 8 coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp., and 1 Micrococcus sp.; 56 animal isolates comprising 11 S. aureus, 9 S. hyicus subsp. hyicus, 2 S. intermedius, 15 coagulase positive and 19 coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. Totally 54 strains were coagulase positive. Considering agglutination of a coagulase positive strain as a correct identification, Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test, and Staphyslide-Test correctly identified 52 (96.3%), 47 (87.0%) and 48 (89.0%) of the coagulase positive staphylococci, respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test showed 1 (2.0%), 4 (8.0%) and 4 (8.0%) false positive reactions respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test gave 0 (0.0%), 6 (5.8%) and 7 (6.7%) non-interpretable reactions, respectively. Monostaph may be a good alternative to the tube-coagulase test for rapid and reliable identification of coagulase positive staphylococci from both food and veterinary sources. However, false negative reactions may occur with coagulase positive strains of S. hyicus subsp. hyicus and S. intermedius. 相似文献
3.
S. Louarn A. M. Torp I. B. Holme S. B. Andersen B. D. Jensen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1717-1725
Fifty-nine Brassica oleracea cultivars, belonging to five botanical varieties, were evaluated for microsatellite (SSR) polymorphisms using 11 database
sequence derived primer pairs. The cultivars represented 12 broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), ten Brussels sprouts (B. o. var. gemmifera), 21 cabbage (B. o. var. capitata, including the groups white and red cabbage), six savoy cabbage (B. o. var. sabauda), and ten cauliflower (B. o. var. botrytis) cultivars from 13 seed suppliers. The 11 primer pairs amplified in total 47 fragments, and differentiated 51 of the cultivars,
whereas the remaining eight cultivars were differentiated from the rest in four inseparable pairs. All SSR markers, except
one, produced a polymorphic information content (PIC value) of 0.5 or above. The average diversity for all markers within
the tested material was 0.64. There was no major difference in the diversity within botanical varieties and groups. The cluster
analysis and the resulting dendrogram showed that the cultivars tended to group within these taxonomic units. The present
study substantiates the use of microsatellite markers as a powerful tool for cultivar differentiation and identification in
vegetable brassicas. 相似文献
4.
May‐Helen Holme Ian Brock Paul C. Southgate Chaoshu Zeng 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(4):493-504
Lipid class and fatty acid (FA) analysis were conducted on newly molted, fed, and starved zoea V and megalopa of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (S. serrata). Larvae starved for 4 d showed a substantial decrease in total FA content, from 49.67 μg/mg to 13.94 μg/mg ash‐free dry weight (AFDW) at the zoea V stage, and from 38.47 μg/mg to 10.40 μg/mg AFDW at the megalopa stage. This depletion indicates that S. serrata larvae effectively utilize stored lipid reserves for energy during periods of food deprivation. Megalopa subjected to longer starvation periods, however, did not utilize lipid as the major energy source after day 4, suggesting increased reliance on protein catabolism during prolonged starvation. At both larvae stages the major FAs were 18:1n‐9, 16:0, 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acids, EPA), 18:3n‐3 (linolenic acid, LNA), 18:0 and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and this FA profile persisted in both fed and starved larvae. The highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6, AA) were not conserved in tissue during starvation, indicating that HUFA requirements might be lower for S. serrata larvae than shown for other crustaceans. Similarly, a high level of LNA in newly molted zoea V and megalopa were rapidly depleted in unfed larvae, indicating that this FA had an important role as an energy reserve. Throughout the study, FAs from the polar lipid fraction dominated larvae tissues, while FAs from the neutral lipid constituted the largest accessible energy reserve during starvation (depleted from 23.05 to 1.23 μg/mg AFDW in zoea V, and from 19.00 to 1.27 μg/mg AFDW in megalopa). The results of this study provide new insight into lipid utilization of S. serrata larvae during development, an important step toward development of formulated diets for use in mud crab hatcheries. 相似文献
5.
Serina M. DeSalvio Brianna L. Cheek Robert N. Vaughn Olufemi J. Alabi John E. Holme Nisha Jain David M. Stelly 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(2):238-246
We report the development of a novel and more efficient, rapid, cost-effective and simple technique than current PCR-based identification methods for screening cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants for the presence of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV). This protocol takes advantage of the PACE (PCR Allele Competitive Extension) system and uses PCR amplification of cDNA, coupled with sequence-specific fluorescent probes to differentiate between infected and uninfected cotton plants. This procedure has the potential for application in detection of other RNA viruses in a variety of other crops, by using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene and a widely conserved housekeeping gene in the host organism; in this case, the G. hirsutum polyubiquitin gene (GhUB). 相似文献
6.
The effects of varying levels of dietary cholesterol on growth, development time and survival of mud crab, Scylla serrata megalopa were investigated using semi-purified microbound diets (MBD). Five iso-energetic diets containing different level of cholesterol ranging from 0.14% to 1% of dry weight of the diet were tested. Fifteen megalopa were reared individually for each dietary treatment, and development time and survival were recorded on a daily basis. More than 25% of megalopa from all treatments were able to metamorphose into the first crab stage, suggesting that the endogenous level of cholesterol in the basal diet (0.14%) was sufficient to support development of the megalopa stage of this species. Widest mean carapace width (3.53 ± 0.08 mm) and highest mean dry weight (2.11 ± 0.22 mg) were recorded for juveniles that molted from megalopa fed live Artemia, whereas no megalopa in the unfed control treatment metamorphosed into crabs. The average development time from megalopa to the juvenile crab stage varied between the treatments, where megalopa fed live Artemia or MBD containing 0.2%, 0.4% or 0.8% total cholesterol showed the most synchronized molting (between 8.0 and 9.9 days). Longest development time was recorded for the megalopa fed diets containing 0.14% or 1% total cholesterol (both 11 days). Highest survival (74.3%) was recorded for the megalopa fed a diet containing 0.8% cholesterol. The results of this study are valuable in research to develop formulated diets for mud crab larvae as a replacement for live food in hatchery culture. 相似文献
7.
8.
Anther and isolated microspore culture response of wheat lines from northwestern and eastern Europe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hexaploid wheat genotypes from north-western Europe show low responses to current anther culture techniques. This phenomenon was investigated on 145 north-western European wheat lines. Twenty-seven lines from eastern Europe were included to observe the response pattern of wheat from an area, where the technique has been used successfully. On average, eastern European wheat lines produced 3.6 green plants per 111 anthers, while only 1.4 green plants per 111 anthers were obtained in north-western European lines. This difference was due to the high capacity for embryo formation among the eastern European lines, while the ability to regenerate green plants was widespread in both germplasm groups. Isolated wheat microspore culture performed on 85 of these wheat lines gave an average 3.7-fold increase in green plants per anther compared with the anther culture response. The increased recovery of green plants was due to improved plant regeneration and increased green plant percentage from embryos derived from isolated microspore culture. 相似文献
9.
D W Holme 《The Veterinary record》1969,85(15):399-404
1