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Ikuyo NAKAJIMA Mika OE Koichi OJIMA Susumu MUROYA Masahiro SHIBATA Koichi CHIKUNI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):144-149
Experiments were designed to compare the adipocyte cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue between growing Landrace (low backfat) and Meishan (high backfat) pigs at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. As pigs aged, body weight and backfat thickness of both breeds significantly increased. When compared at equal ages, backfat thickness adjusted to equal body weight was greater for Meishan pigs. The mean diameter of fat cell size also increased with age, and by 6 weeks adipocytes from both outer and inner layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue were larger in Meishan pigs. At 5 months, approximately 80% of the adipose tissue mass in Meishan pigs was attributable to adipocytes measuring 95–165 µm in diameter, whereas adipocytes of 75–145 µm comprised most of the tissue mass in the Landrace. Although the contribution of smaller adipocytes (25–45 µm) to the tissue volume was negligible, both breeds showed a biphasic diameter distribution at all ages, suggesting that adipocyte hyperplasia is still active. Our results demonstrate that cellularity differences exist between the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Landrace and Meishan pigs, and adipocyte hypertrophy is the most overwhelming contributor to the greater backfat deposition for Meishan pigs. 相似文献
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Koichi CHIKUNI Mika OE Keisuke SASAKI Masahiro SHIBATA Ikuyo NAKAJIMA Koichi OJIMA Susumu MUROYA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):600-605
To assess the role of muscle fiber type in beef taste‐traits, we analyzed cooked meats from bovine masseter, diaphragm, psoas major, longissimus thoracis, and semitendinosus muscles with an electric taste sensing system (INSENT SA402B). The system is composed of five taste sensors of polymer membranes fixing different lipids. The sensors, CT0, CA0, AAE, C00 and AE1 are designed to respond to the individual tastes of salty, sour, umami, bitter and astringent, respectively. The system found significant differences in the converted outputs of CA0 (cvCA0), C00 (cvC00) and AE1 (cvAE1) among the bovine muscles. The slow‐type muscles (masseter and diaphragm) showed lower cvCA0, higher cvC00, and higher cvAE1 than did the fast‐type muscles (psoas major, longissimus thoracis, and semitendinosus). Lactic acid content was different among muscle types and was highly related to the cvCA0 output and pH. carbonyl compounds and free fatty acids were higher in the slow‐type muscles. Free fatty acids were major components causing the difference in the C00 output among the muscle types. Iron content was also different among the muscle types and related to the cvC00 and cvAE1 outputs. These results suggested that the muscle fiber type affects the beef taste characteristics. 相似文献
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Shinjiro OJIMA Masashi OKAMURA Nana OSAWA Akiko TAMURA Kazuki YOSHIOKA Takashige KASHIMOTO Takeshi HANEDA Hisaya K. ONO Dong-Liang HU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1147
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) is a host-specific pathogen causing systemic infection in poultry, which leads to significant economic losses due to high mortality. However, little is known about the dynamic process of systemic infection and pathogenic characteristics of S. Gallinarum in chickens. In the present study, we developed an oral infection model that reproduces the pathology of S. Gallinarum and clarified the host immune response of the infected chickens. Chickens at 20 days of age orally inoculated at a dose of 108 colony forming unit (CFU) showed typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid and died between 6 and 10 days post infection. The inoculated S. Gallinarum rapidly disseminated to multple organs and the bacterial counts increased in the liver and spleen at 3 days post infection. Pathological changes associated wirh inflammation in the liver and spleen became apparent at 4 days post infection, and increased expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleuikin (IL)-12 in the liver and spleen did not observed until 3 days post infection. These results indicate that S. Gallinarum rapidly spread to entire body through intestine, and the low-level of inflammatory responses in the liver during the early stage of infection may contribute to rapid, systemic dissemination of the bacteria. Our infection model and findings will contribute to the better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of S. Gallinarum, and provide new insights into the prevention and control of fowl typhoid. 相似文献
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Mika OE Mayumi OHNISHI‐KAMEYAMA Ikuyo NAKAJIMA Susumu MUROYA Masahiro SHIBATA Koichi OJIMA Shiro KUSHIBIKI Koichi CHIKUNI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):181-186
To assess both quantitative and qualitative differences between the slow‐ and fast‐type muscles, masseter (slow) and semitendinosus (fast) from four Holstein cows were analyzed by two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and mass spectrometry. The proteome analysis identified 27 spots as 20 proteins in the whole protein fraction extracted with 8 mol/L urea solution, and 16 spots were identified as 11 proteins in the water‐soluble protein fraction. Two slow‐type myofibrillar proteins (myosin light chain‐1 slow‐b and myosin light chain‐2 slow), and aconitase‐2 mitochondria were present at higher levels in the masseter muscle (P < 0.05). Four fast‐type myofibrillar proteins (myosin light chain‐1 fast, myosin light chain‐2 fast, myosin light chain‐3 fast and tropomyosin‐1), and three enzymes of glycolytic pathway (enolase‐3, aldolase‐A and triosephosphate isomerase), were present at higher levels in the semitendinosus muscle (P < 0.05). Our proteome analysis showed that the composition of sarcoplasmic proteins as well as myofibrillar proteins was clearly different between slow‐ and fast‐type muscles. 相似文献
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Heat-induced structural changes and aggregation properties of walleye pollack myosin, light meromyosin (LMM) and heavy meromyosin (HMM) were investigated. According to the circular dichroism (CD) measurement, the α-helix content of the pollack myosin and LMM were estimated to be 72% and 90% at 5°C but decreased to 22% and 21% by increasing the temperature to 60°C with two transitions at 35°C and 50°C, respectively. In contrast, that of HMM decreased gradually from 37% to 33% by increasing the temperature from 5°C to 40°C, and decreased steeply to 20% above 50°C. These results indicate that the decrease in the α-helix content in the myosin molecule upon heating was attributable mainly to the decrease in the α-helix content in the LMM region. In contrast, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) fluorescence and light scattering intensity of both myosin and HMM were remarkably increased above 25°C and 35°C, respectively, while those of LMM showed only a slight change even above 60°C. Although LMM alone formed no aggregates detectable by the light scattering measurement, it formed coprecipitates with myosin but not with HMM upon heating at 40°C for 10 min. These facts suggest that LMM bind to the LMM region of the myosin. Further, it was found that myosin gel formed in a test tube by the same heating conditions was significantly weakened by coexistence of LMM. These results suggest that the association of the LMM region of myosin molecules is essential for the heat-induced gelation of myosin. 相似文献
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Rattanatrai CHAIYASING Akihiro SUGIURA Takuro ISHIKAWA Koichi OJIMA Katsuhiko WARITA Yoshinao Z. HOSAKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1812
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the functions of estrogen and two estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ) in the myoregeneration process and morphogenesis. Cardiotoxin (CTX) was injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of ovariectomized (OVX) mice to induce muscle injury, and subsequent myoregeneration was morphologically assessed. The diameter of regenerated myotubes in OVX mice was significantly smaller than that in intact mice at all time points of measurement. OVX mice also showed lower muscle recovery rates and slower speeds than did intact mice. ER protein levels showed a predominance of ERβ over ERα in both intact and OVX states. The ERβ level was increased significantly at 7 days after CTX injection in OVX mice and remained at a high level until 14 days. In addition, continuous administration of E2 to OVX mice in which muscle injury was induced resulted in a significantly larger diameter of regenerated myotubes than that in mice that did not receive estrogen. The results indicate that estrogen is an essential factor in the myoregeneration process since estrogen depletion delayed myoregeneration in injured muscles and administration of estrogen under the condition of a low estrogen status rescued delayed myoregeneration. The results strongly suggested that ERβ may be a factor that promotes myoregeneration more than does ERα. 相似文献
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