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Lipid distribution in branching coral Montipora digitata 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hirosuke OKU Hideyuki YAMASHIRO Kyoko ONAGA Hironori IWASAKI Kensaku TAKARA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):517-522
>ABSTRACT: The lipid profile was studied along the branch length, from the top, middle to base portion, of coral Montipora digitata to gain more insight into the physiological significance of lipids in the coral energy budget. The lipids of M. digitata consisted of seven major lipid classes: polar lipid, sterol, free fatty acid, unknown lipids 1 and 2, triacylglycerol (TG), and wax ester. The concentration of storage lipids, TG, and wax ester showed a top–base gradient along the length, whereas the levels of free fatty acid and unknown lipids showed a base–top gradient. The proportions of polar lipid and sterol in the top portion of the branch were slightly higher than those in the base portion. This observation appeared to be compatible with the view that the increased energy expenditure for proliferation enhanced the mobilization of the storage fuel lipids of wax ester and TG rather than the structure lipids of polar lipids and sterols at the top portion of the branch. Compositions of fatty acid also showed a length-wise diversity. The top portion had a lower proportion of palmitic acid (16 : 0) in all lipid classes of fatty acid ester, suggesting that this fatty acid was preferentially mobilized at the top portion, probably for the growth of coral cells. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Glucose has been implicated in functioning as a form of carbon translocated from symbiont zooxanthellae to the host coral cell. The present paper describes the lipid biosynthesis from [14 C]-glucose in the coral tissue. To study the incorporation of [14 C]-glucose into lipids, the branch tips of the coral Montipora digitata were incubated with [14 C]-glucose or another radiolabeled substrates. The lipid biosynthesis from [14 C]-glucose was dependent on light, and was decreased by dark conditions or by photosystem II inhibitor, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Of the lipid classes, the light dependency was more pronounced with the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols (TG) and wax compared with phospholipids. Examination of [14 C]-label distribution in the glycerolipids suggested that [14 C]-glucose supplied mainly the fatty acid moiety of newly synthesized TG, while [14 C]-glucose provided evenly the fatty acid moiety and the glycerol skeleton of phospholipids. The comparison of [14 C]-labeling of lipid from host coral tissue and symbiont zooxanthellae suggested that [14 C]-glucose entered the coral cell and was processed in parallel in the zooxanthellae and host cells. Furthermore, the coral cells used various [14 C]-labeled sugars for lipid synthesis with similar lipid labeling profile as was the case for glucose. The current study thus supports the view that the low-molecular-weight compound, sugars and amino acids, once translocated from zooxanthellae to host cell were metabolized toward lipogenesis as well as glycerol. 相似文献
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Takashi OKU Kotaro SATO Masaki KURAO Shohei MATSUURA Yasufumi SAKAI Takao TSUCHIYA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(4):332-334
The pathogenic race of 59 cultures of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a pathogen of bacterial leaf blight of rice, isolated from six locations in the inland mountainous area of Hiroshima Prefecture
in 1999, were determined by a set of traditional differentials. Four races—I, II, V and VII—were found across the area; however,
we noticed the composition of the races as well as the dominant race in each location different. All races were avirulent
on differential cultivar Te-tep. Races V and VII were new to Hiroshima. The rice cultivars infected with bacterial leaf blight
in Hiroshima are thought to be grouped into the Kinmaze group, which does not have any resistance genes. Apparently, a variety
of races occurred unexpectedly on the cultivars contrary to stabilizing selection theory.
Received 25 February 2000/ Accepted in revised form 13 July 2000 相似文献
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Masanori MURANAKA Takashi YAMANAKA Yoshinari KATAYAMA Hidekazu NIWA Kazuomi OKU Tomio MATSUMURA Toshifumi OYAMADA 《Journal of Equine Science》2012,23(2):17-26
To investigate the pathology of equine influenza, necropsy of 7 horses experimentally
infected with equine influenza A virus (EIV) subtype H3N8 was conducted on post-infection
days (PID) 2, 3, 7, and 14. Histopathologically, rhinitis or tracheitis including
epithelial degeneration or necrosis with loss of ciliated epithelia and a reduction in
goblet cell numbers, was observed in the respiratory tracts on PIDs 2 and 3. Epithelial
hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia and suppurative bronchopneumonia with proliferation of
type II pneumocytes were observed on PIDs 7 and 14. Viral antigen was detected
immunohistochemically in the epithelia of the nasal mucosa, trachea, and bronchi on PIDs 2
and 3. The sodA gene of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, a suspected cause of
suppurative bronchopneumonia, was detected in paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections, but
only on PIDs 7 and 14. These findings suggest that damage caused to ciliated epithelia and
goblet cells by EIV infection results in secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia due to a
reduction in mucociliary clearance. 相似文献
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A detection method specific for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the pathogen responsible for bacterial blight of rice, was based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and designed by amplifying
the 16S–23S rDNA spacer region from this bacterium. The nucleotide sequence of the spacer region between the 16S and 23S rDNA,
consisting of approximately 580-bp, from X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. alfalfae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. campestris pv. cannabis, X. campestris pv. citri, X. campestris pv. cucurbitae, X. campestris pv. pisi, X. campestris pv. pruni and X. campestris pv. vitians, was determined. The determined sequences had more than 95% identity. Therefore, a pair of primers, XOR-F (5′-GCATGACGTCATCGTCCTGT-3′)
and XOR-R2 (5′-CTCGGAGCTATATGCCGTGC-3′) was designed and found to specifically amplify a 470-bp fragment from all strains
of X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolated from diverse regions in Japan. No PCR product was amplified from X. campestris pathovars alfalfae, campestris, cannabis, carotae, cucurbitae, dieffenbachiae, glycines, pisi, pruni, vitians or zantedeschiae, except for pathovars citri, incanae and zinniae. The method could also detect the pathogen in infected rice leaves within 3 hr, at a detection limit of 4×101 cfu/ml.
Received 17 December 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 April 2000 相似文献
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Seiji TSUGE Ayako FURUTANI Rie FUKUNAKA Takashi OKU Kazunori TSUNO Hirokazu OCHIAI Yasuhiro INOUE Hisatoshi KAKU Yasuyuki KUBO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):363-371
To analyze the regulation of hrp expression and to detect and identify hrp-dependent secretion proteins of plant-pathogenic bacteria, an appropriate hrp-inducing medium is indispensable. In this study, two efficient hrp-inducing media for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were designed by assaying the expression of a hrcU (the first gene of the hrpC operon) and a gus (β-glucuronidase) fusion gene. We modified XVM2, which is a hrp-inducing medium for X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, by adding 0.01% xylose in place of fructose and sucrose (0.18 and 0.34%, respectively) as a sugar source. The resulting
medium induced approximately 15-fold more GUS activity from transformants containing a hrcU::gus gene than did XVM2. Moreover, a methionine-containing synthetic medium with 0.18% xylose as a sugar source was able to induce
much stronger expression of HrcU::GUS, with GUS activity approximately 100-fold greater than that in XVM2. Induction depended
on a regulator, HrpXo, and the PIP (plant-inducible-promoter) box, suggesting that HrcU::GUS was expressed in a hrp-dependent manner. The induction of operons hrpA to hrpF in XOM2 was also confirmed. These results suggest that both media, especially XOM2, are highly efficient hrp-inducing media for X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
Received 7 October 2002/ Accepted in revised form 22 November 2002 相似文献
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Kazumichi KODAIRA Masanori MURANAKA Hiroshi NAITO Hirotaka ODE Kazuomi OKU Toshio NUKADA Yoshinari KATAYAMA 《Journal of Equine Science》2010,21(1):7-10
A 1-year-old male thoroughbred racehorse experienced swelling of the left upper lip. The
swelling was attributable to enlargement around the incisive bone of the interdental space
posterior to the third incisor in the left maxilla. Even after two operations to reduce
the bulk of the mass, it continued to increase in size. Dyspnea caused by stenosis of the
nasal cavity forced us to perform euthanasia, and a pathological examination was
conducted. Macroscopic examination of a section of the mass revealed the formation of
multiple areas of solid fibrous tissue, and trabeculae within the incisive bone which had
displaced the cortical bone. On histology, the mass was composed of trabecular bone-like
structures due to the proliferation and aggregation of fibroblasts. Therefore, we
diagnosed it as an ossifying fibroma. Equine ossifying fibroma is characterized by
development in the mandible, but was formed in the maxilla in this case. Equine ossifying
fibroma has not been reported previously in Japan. This is the first case of equine
ossifying fibroma identified in Japan. 相似文献
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