Two successful embryo transfers of mini-donkey embryos in Brazilian Northeastern jennies using an alternative method: Case report     

Lucas T. Rodrigues  Lorenzo GTM Segabinazzi  Sidnei N Oliveira  Mariana Frasson  Frederico O Papa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(11):1470-1474

Pregnancy rates after embryo transfer (ET) are disappointing in donkey species. This study aims to report two successful ET of mini-donkey embryos using Brazilian Northeastern jennies as recipients. Eighteen embryo flushes were performed 9 days post-ovulation in two non-pregnant mini-donkeys jennies (11 and 7 cycles per jenny). Eleven embryos (61%, 11/18) were collected and transferred to Brazilian Northeastern jennies 4–6 days post-ovulation by conventional (n = 6) or an alternative (n = 5) technique. The alternative method consisted of inserting a Polansky equine vaginal speculum smeared with lubricant in the vagina of the recipient jenny. The arms of the speculum were extended to allow the visualization of the cervix. Then, using an adapted crafted, elongated, toothed tissue grasping forceps, the external cervical os was held, and the cervix was gently pulled backward, aiming to straight the cervical canal. The ET gun was inserted through the vagina and cervix by visual inspection, and the embryo was released into the uterine lumen. All embryos collected were Grade 1 and classified as Expanded Blastocysts. No jennies become pregnant after conventional ET (0/6), whereas two recipient jennies (40%, 2/5) become pregnant and delivered offspring in the following year after ET using the alternative technique. In conclusion, Brazilian Northeastern jennies can be used as embryo recipients using the alternative method proposed in the present study. However, further investigations are needed to improve the knowledge and results of ET in donkey species.  相似文献   

Water Pricing and Sustainability of Self-Governing Irrigation Schemes     

Pierre-Yves Le Gal  Thierry Rieu  Charles Fall 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2003,17(3):213-238

The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.  相似文献   

An improved protocol for the production of AFLP^TM markers in complex genomes by means of capillary electrophoresis     

R. Papa  M. Troggio  P. Ajmone-Marsan  & F. Nonnis Marzano 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2005,122(1):62-68

The amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (AFLP) technology is a recently introduced method to investigate genomes of different complexity, from microbial to higher organisms. It is applied to purposes as diverse as identification of species, strain and varieties, investigation of genetic diversity within and between populations, simple and complex trait mapping, and construction of linkage and physical maps. This technology has been designed on the use of primers labelled with radioactivity and on AFLP fragment separation on sequencing gel. We show that the original EcoRI/TaqI AFLP protocol does not perform appropriately when transferred to fluorescent labelling and capillary electrophoresis (CE), and propose an improved protocol for the production of high‐quality AFLP markers in fish, rodents and artiodactyles by means of the Beckman‐Coulter CEQ2000 automatic DNA sequencer. In addition, we describe the procedure routinely used in our laboratory to obtain binary matrices from AFLP profiles with the aid of Genographer free‐share software (vers. 1.6.0, J.J. Benham, Montana State University), able to elaborate original fragment data and convert them to standard graphical formats for phylogenetic analyses. Comparison with radioactive AFLPs in goats confirmed the reliability of the protocol developed for CE. In fact, 107 fragments generated by two primer combinations and identified by both techniques were attributed the same scoring. Compared with traditional methods, the use of capillary systems and automated analysis increases data throughput and scoring reliability, decreasing the overall experimental error.  相似文献   

Tsetse challenge, trypanosome and helminth infection in relation to productivity of village Ndama cattle in Senegal     

Fall A  Diack A  Diaité A  Seye M  d'Ieteren GD 《Veterinary parasitology》1999,81(3):235-247

Data on tsetse fly, and on village Ndama cattle collected over a 4-year period in southern Senegal, were analysed. A total of 431 Ndama cattle in four herds of three villages in the Upper Casamance area of southern Senegal were monitored monthly. Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina palpalis gambiensis are present in the study area. Mean tsetse apparent density was 5.4 flies/trap/day. Trypanosome (Trypanosoma congonlense and Trypanosoma vivax) infection rate in flies was 2.4 (s.e. 0.37)%. Tsetse challenge index was 17.3 (s.e. 4.18). Mean monthly trypanosome prevalence in cattle was 2.5 (s.e. 0.51)%. Highest trypanosome prevalence occurred during the dry season, and animals less than 1-year old were more frequently infected than older animals. The linear relationship between the log10+1 tsetse challenge and the arcsine of the trypanosome prevalence was significant only when mean monthly values of these variables over the 4-year period were used with tsetse challenge preceding infection rate by 3 months. Mean monthly prevalence of strongyle, Strongyloides spp., Toxocara spp. and coccidia were 34.4 (s.e. 0.60), 2.1 (s.e. 0.18), 1.2 (s.e. 0.45) and 15.6 (s.e. 0.47)%, respectively. Calf mortality rate at 1,6 and 12 months of age was 2.1 (s.e. 2.1), 5.2 (s.e. 2.8) and 12.2 (s.e. 3.3)%, respectively. Calving interval (584 s.e. 58 days) was not influenced by trypanosome status of the cow during lactation. Calving interval was shorter by 167 days when the calf died before 1 year of age in comparison to calving intervals for which the calf survived beyond one year. Live weight at birth, 6 and 12 months of age were 15.8 (s.e. 0.54), 48.1 (s.e. 2.56) and 71.1 (s.e. 5.44) kg, respectively. Mean lactation length, total and daily milk offtake were 389 (s.e. 16) days, 231 (s.e. 15) litres and 0.69 (s.e. 0.037) litres, respectively. Trypanosome infection during lactation did not have a significant effect on the amount of milk extracted for human consumption nor did trypanosome status affect calf growth.  相似文献   

Characterisation of camel breeding practices in the Ansongo Region,Mali     

Bakary Traoré  Nassim Moula  Abdoulaye Toure  Bara Ouologuem  Pascal Leroy  Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1303-1312

Despite its importance in Mali’s economy, camel breeding in the country remains poorly documented, impeding effective policy-making in this regard. This study consisted in a 3-month survey and aimed at characterising camel breeding systems in Ansongo, in the region of Gao, Mali. It highlights the diversity of strategies adopted by breeders and their evolutions. Supplementary feeding and veterinary care were seldom practised. In zones close to the Niger River, cattle were substituted to camels. Transhumance routes also are modified but mobility keeps its vital role in the breeding system. Important differences within the study region in the classification of camel breeds have been reported that will influence the implementation of a collective action for animal genetic improvement. The improvement goals should take the actual management, including mobility and the mixed nature of the herds into account.  相似文献   

Protein content of equine seminal plasma and sperm plasma membrane in subfertile stallions     

P.N. Guasti  F.F. SouzaC. Scott  F.P. HartwigP.M. Papa  G.A.M. dos SantosC.P. Freitas-Dellaqua  F.O. Papa 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

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HPLC quantification of coumarin in bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae)     

Maggi F  Barboni L  Caprioli G  Papa F  Ricciutelli M  Sagratini G  Vittori S 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(8):1215-1221

Coumarin occurs in many plants used as flavoring and is known to possess hepatotoxic effects. Despite in the EFSA ‘Compendium of botanicals containing toxic substances’ coumarin is reported to be present in Melittis melissophyllum (bastard balm), a plant traditionally used as beverage in Italy and Serbia, to the best of our knowledge quantitative data has never been reported. Thus, the amount of coumarin in bastard balm leaves and its variation during the annual phenological cycle were determined. The subsp. melissophyllum resulted to contain high levels of coumarin (14,392 mg/kg), mainly in the early stages of the plant cycle, suggesting prudence in its use as beverage. Furthermore, coumarin was found to be useful as marker compound to differentiate the bastard balm subspecies occurring in Italy, since the subsp. albida contained a much lower content of this molecule (19–34 mg/kg).  相似文献   

Litter-fall and litter decomposition in a low Mediterranean shrubland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonietta?FiorettoEmail author  Stefania?Papa  Amodio?Fuggi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,39(1):37-44

Annual production of litter by Cistus incanus (L.) and Myrtus communis (L.) and decomposition dynamics of leaf litter of these species was studied in a Mediterranean shrubland. Myrtus and Cistus produced 472 and 429 g dry weight litter m^-2 year^-1, respectively. Leaves were the predominant litter component for both species. The average decay constant of Myrtus and Cistus litters enclosed in litter bags, calculated over the whole study period (38 months), was 0.71 year^-1 and 0.31 year^-1 respectively. In green leaves the N content differed during growth seasons for both species, whereas the content of Ca, Mg, P, K, and Na did not show significant changes. Abscised leaves had lower N, P and K contents than green leaves, evidencing that a nutrient translocation before abscission occurred from senescent leaves. The nutrient contents of the leaves at abscission time, generally higher in Cistus than in Myrtus, allowed us to estimate the annual nutrient input to the soil. Phosphorus and K more than N were rapidly released by the decomposing litters after exposure. Nutrient limitation, in particular P, might be considered the main growth limiting factor for Myrtus and Cistus. Both species were adapted to recovery and rapidly recycle P more than N and K in the living biomass through retranslocation from green leaves before abscission and/or a high release rate from the decomposing litter. The former strategy was better used by Cistus, the latter by Myrtus.  相似文献   

Variation in the distribution of monosaccharides in soil fractions in the mounds of termites with different feeding habits (Senegal)     

Saïdou Sall  Alain Brauman  Saliou Fall  Corinne Rouland  Edouard Miambi  Jean-Luc Chotte 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2002,36(3):232-239

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Exposure to pasture borne nematodes affects individual milk yield in Swedish dairy herds     

Blanco-Penedo I  Höglund J  Fall N  Emanuelson U 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):93-98

Infections with the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia in dogs and cats are common. Clinical signs vary from asymptomatic to small bowel diarrhea and associated discomfort. The control of infections in dogs is frequently a frustrating issue for animal owners and veterinarians. Drugs with antiprotozoal activity such as fenbendazole and metronidazole are recommended, however, they do not show 100% efficacy and superinfections occur regularly. Ronidazole is currently the drug of choice for the treatment of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats and there is now limited information available about its efficacy against Giardia spp. In the kennel investigated, dogs regularly showed loose feces and the presence of Giardia (assemblage C, renamed as G. canis) cysts. An elimination strategy of this parasite involving strict hygiene management and disinfection of the enclosures with 4-chlorine-M-cresol, oral treatment with ronidazole (30-50mg/kg BW bid for 7 days) and two shampooings (containing chlorhexidine) at the beginning and the end of the treatments was implemented for a group of 6 dogs. As a control another group of 7 dogs was transferred to the disinfected enclosures and shampooed, but left untreated. Dog feces were tested for the presence of Giardia cysts (SAF concentration technique) or Giardia antigen with a commercial ELISA (NOVITEC(?)) and a quick immunochromatography-based test (SensPERT(?)) before and between 5 and 40 days after the last treatment. All ronidazole-treated dogs were negative for Giardia cysts and antigen up to 26 days after the last treatment, while between 1 and 5 of the control animals tested positive in each of the test series. At this point, also dogs of the control group were again moved into clean enclosures, shampooed twice and treated with ronidazole. Five, 12 and 19 days after the last treatment, the dogs in the control group tested negative for Giardia cysts and antigen. However, all animals had again positive results at later time points in at least one of the three applied diagnostic techniques within 33-61 days after treatment. Furthermore, all dogs had episodes of diarrhea (for 1-4 days) within 14-31 days after treatment and unformed feces during the whole experiment. The positive effect of ronidazole against Giardia infections in dogs could be confirmed in this study. In particular, the combination of ronidazole treatment combined with the disinfection of the environment and shampooing of the dogs was highly effective in reducing Giardia cyst excretion and may therefore constitute an alternative control strategy for canine giardiosis.  相似文献