Comparative Characterization of Enzymatic Digestion from Fish and Soybean Meal from Simulated Digestive Process of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis          下载免费PDF全文

Ariana I. Román‐Gavilanes  Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño  María Teresa Viana 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(4):409-420

The digestive process of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, was simulated through two phases of in vitro digestion: acidic digestion with porcine pepsin, followed by alkaline digestion with pancreatic crude extract (PCE) obtained from the PBT to hydrolyze fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) as protein substrates. The crude protein from FM resulted in a lower degree of hydrolysis (73.3%) compared with SBM (79.2%). However, the resulting digested products showed that FM contained 35% more small peptides, with sizes <6.5 kDa than those from the starting material (>150 kDa). The SBM had an increase of only 1.3% in the similar peptide cut‐offs found after hydrolysis. These results suggested that FM appeared to be a better source of protein according to the amount of low‐molecular weight peptides. In addition, the proteolytic activity of PCE showed that 88.9% of its alkaline proteolytic activity corresponded to trypsin and 2.9% corresponded to chymotrypsin activity. The results shown here demonstrate that peptide sizes are important in identifying suitable protein sources for aquafeed production to reinforce the primary results obtained from the in vitro digestibility using the pH‐Stat system. These results also contribute to a better understanding of the digestibility process in aquatic organisms.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural Characterization of Fresh and Vitrified In Vitro‐ and In Vivo‐Produced Sheep Embryos          下载免费PDF全文

R. Romão  E. Bettencourt  R. M. L. N. Pereira  C. C. Marques  M. C. Baptista  J. P. Barbas  E. Oliveira  C. Bettencourt  M. Sousa 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2016,45(3):231-239

The lower results in cryopreservation of in vitro‐produced (IVP) sheep embryos, when compared to the in vivo derived, limits its use. Four groups of blastocyst (BL) were evaluated: fresh IVP (n = 3), fresh in vivo derived (n = 3), warmed IVP cryopreserved in open pulled straws (OPS, n = 3) and warmed in vivo derived cryopreserved in OPS (n = 3). Ultrastructural observation of processed fresh embryos showed a reduced number of microvilli and mitochondria in the IVP ones, as well as a lower number of mature mitochondria, that can be associated with deficient metabolism in IVP embryos, possibly involved in the lower resistance to cryopreservation. Both in vivo‐derived and IVP embryos had a large number of vesicles, with light and dense content. In embryos vitrified by OPS, major changes were observed mainly in IVP embryos with small changes in grade 2 (fair) and high changes in grade 3 (bad) semithin scoring. The main changes associated with cryopreservation included disruption of cellular membranes and poor intracellular preservation, with loss of microvilli and the presence of cellular debris. In conclusion, ultrastructural evaluation of IVP blastocysts cryopreserved in OPS was herein described for the first time, reporting more severe cellular damage in these embryos when compared to those produced in vivo. This is probably associated with a lower cryotolerance that can be related to their lipid content and metabolism.  相似文献   

Profit in a broiler enterprise as a function of egg production of parent stocks and growth rate of their progeny     

Rom Moav  J. Moav 《British poultry science》1966,7(1):5-15

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Lung carcinosarcoma in a dog: gross and microscopic examination     

Salas G  Román O  Gutiérrez Díaz-Ceballos ME  Constantino F 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,163(3):137-334

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Detecting<Emphasis Type="Italic">Orobanche</Emphasis> species by using cpDNA diagnostic markers     

B. Román  C. I. González Verdejo  Z. Satovic  M. D. Madrid  J. I. Cubero  S. Nadal 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(2):129-135

Some species of the genusOrobanche are among the most devastating parasitic weeds, causing extensive damage in agricultural fields. Considering the difficult control due to seed longevity in the soil, small seed size, high fecundity and a subterranean phase that allows them to parasitize the host before they emerge and become evident, the development of diagnostic markers is highly recommended. In our study we identified potential molecular diagnostic markers from the plastid genome in order to distinguish among the most importantOrobanche species attacking crops in Andalusia, the southern region of the Iberian Peninsula. The study has consideredO. crenata, O ramosa andO. cumana causing serious losses in legumes, solanaceous crops and sunflower fields, respectively, andO. minor that, although abundant in Andalusia, has to our knowledge not yet been found parasitizing agricultural hosts. We amplified a non-coding region from the plastid genome, studied sequence differences among the amplified fragments and digested those of the same length with selected restriction enzymes. Here, we propose a molecular protocol to distinguish the main parasitic plants in crop fields of southern Spain. Different applications such as identification ofOrobanche seeds in soil or crop seed lots are discussed in order to offer right crop recommendations or to prevent new infestation of parasite-free fields. Recommendations for further development of these diagnostic markers are also considered. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 15, 2007.  相似文献   

Effects Of Thinning In a Water-Limited Holm Oak Forest     

Romà Ogaya  Anna Escolà  Daijun Liu  Adrià Barbeta  Josep Peñuelas 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(4):365-378

ABSTRACT

A natural holm oak forest was selectively thinned to test thinning as a tool to reduce tree mortality, increase productivity, and reverse the recent regression of the dominant species (Quercus ilex) induced by climate change. Thinning increased aboveground productivity and reduced stem mortality in this Mediterranean forest during four years just after thinning, contributing to the maintenance of forest functioning under changing climatic conditions. Q. ilex was the only species positively affected by the thinning: stem growth increased for all stem sizes, and mortality was significantly lower in thinned plots. On the contrary, mortality rates of Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo were not significantly lower. Stem growth increased for P. latifolia only in the smallest stem-size class. Our results highlight the suitability of selective thinning for improving the forest productivity and ensuring the conservation of Mediterranean coppices. Other benefits of selective thinning, such as a decrease in the risk of fire dispersion and an increase in the water supply for human populations, are also discussed.  相似文献   

Mutants in the lipopolysaccharide of Brucella ovis are attenuated and protect against B. ovis infection in mice     

Pedro Soler-Lloréns  Yolanda Gil-Ramírez  Ana Zabalza-Baranguá  Maite Iriarte  Raquel Conde-álvarez  Amaia Zú?iga-Ripa  Beatriz San Román  Michel S Zygmunt  Nieves Vizcaíno  Axel Cloeckaert  María-Jesús Grilló  Ignacio Moriyón  Ignacio López-Go?i 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):72

Brucella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that behave as facultative intracellular parasites of a variety of mammals. This genus includes smooth (S) and rough (R) species that carry S and R lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. S-LPS is a virulence factor, and mutants affected in the S-LPS O-polysaccharide (R mutants), core oligosaccharide or both show attenuation. However, B. ovis is naturally R and is virulent in sheep. We studied the role of B. ovis LPS in virulence by mutating the orthologues of wadA, wadB and wadC, three genes known to encode LPS core glycosyltransferases in S brucellae. When mapped with antibodies to outer membrane proteins (Omps) and R-LPS, wadB and wadC mutants displayed defects in LPS structure and outer membrane topology but inactivation of wadA had little or no effect. Consistent with these observations, the wadB and wadC but not the wadA mutants were attenuated in mice. When tested as vaccines, the wadB and wadC mutants protected mice against B. ovis challenge. The results demonstrate that the LPS core is a structure essential for survival in vivo not only of S brucellae but also of a naturally R Brucella pathogenic species, and they confirm our previous hypothesis that the Brucella LPS core is a target for vaccine development. Since vaccine B. melitensis Rev 1 is S and thus interferes in serological testing for S brucellae, wadB mutant represents a candidate vaccine to be evaluated against B. ovis infection of sheep suitable for areas free of B. melitensis.  相似文献   

Integration of duck and fish farming: Experimental results     

H. Barash  I. Plavnik  R. Moav 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1982,27(2):129-140

In 1977 and 1978, two fish ponds at the Dor Aquaculture Experiment Station were integrated with duck production. Each pond's area was 400 m² and they were stocked with a polyculture of common carp, Tilapia, silver carp and grass carp (White Amur). The ducks were fed with prepared, nutritionally balanced feed, while the fish had to get by with the ducks' droppings plus the feed dropped directly from the ducks' beaks into the ponds. The ducks' performance on the ponds was superior to their ‘land’ control in growth rate, feed efficiency, viability and cleanness of feathers and skin. The average daily gain of the fish was 38.5 kg ha^?1, not significantly different from ponds receiving similar mixtures of dry poultry manure plus supplementary feeds.Our experimental results provide necessary empirical support to the conclusion that the system is very efficient and its use should be expanded in warm water aquaculture.  相似文献   

A marine bacterial strain effective in producing antagonisms of other bacteria   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

C. M. Ruiz  G. Román  J. L. Sánchez 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(3):289-291

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Transcriptional regulation of fish growth hormone gene     

O. Farchi-Pisanty  H. Sternberg  B. Moav 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):237-246

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