Implications of global and regional patterns of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clades for risk management     

Pfeiffer DU  Otte MJ  Roland-Holst D  Inui K  Nguyen T  Zilberman D 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,(3):309-316

This paper analyses the publicly available data on the distribution and evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clades, whilst acknowledging the biases resulting from the non-random selection of isolates for gene sequencing. The data indicate molecular heterogeneity in the global distribution of HPAIV H5N1, in particular in different parts of East and Southeast Asia. Analysis of the temporal pattern of haemagglutinin clade data shows a progression from clade 0 (the ‘dominant’ clade between 1996 and 2002) to clade 1 (2003–2005) and then to clade 2.3.4 (2005 onwards). This process continuously produces variants, depending on the frequency of virus multiplication in the host population, which is influenced by geographical variation in poultry density, poultry production systems and also HPAI risk management measures such as vaccination. Increased multilateral collaboration needs to focus on developing enhanced disease surveillance and control targeted at evolutionary ‘hotspots’.  相似文献   

Effects of protein engineering of canola procruciferin on its physicochemical and functional properties     

Tandang MR  Adachi M  Inui N  Maruyama N  Utsumi S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(22):6810-6817

The primary structure of Brassica napus procruciferin 2/3a was engineered to elucidate structure-function relationships and to improve the functionality of cruciferin. The following mutants were constructed: (1) C287T, (2) DeltaII, variable region II was deleted; (3) C287T/DeltaII, mutation involving (1) and (2); (4) DeltaIV + A1aIV; and (5) DeltaIV + A3IV, variable region IV was replaced with variable region IV containing many charged residues from soybean glycinin A1aB1b and A3B4 subunits. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the A1aIV region has a more favorable interaction with the procruciferin molecule than does A3IV as well as the original regions. On the basis of heat-induced precipitation analysis, it was concluded that replacement of the free cysteine residue with threonine (C287T) and insertion of charged regions (DeltaIV + A1aIV and DeltaIV + A3IV) could lead procruciferin to form soluble aggregates after heating. Low solubility was observed in mutants DeltaIV + A3IV, DeltaII, and C287T/DeltaII, especially between pH 4 and 6 at mu = 0.08, but not in DeltaIV + A1aIV, indicating that the number of acidic amino acid residues and the high number of glutamine residues are important factors for solubility at mu = 0.08. None of the mutants showed any improvements in emulsifying ability, indicating that destabilization and addition of the hydrophilic region are not effective for emulsification. The insertion of the A1aIV region in procruciferin made the molecule more susceptible to alpha-chymotrypsin.  相似文献   

Herbicide resistance in transgenic plants with mammalian P450 monooxygenase genes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Inui H  Ohkawa H 《Pest management science》2005,61(3):286-291

Transgenic potato and rice plants were generated by the introduction of human P450 species, CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, which metabolized a number of herbicides, insecticides and industrial chemicals. The transgenic potato plant T1977 co-expressing CYP1A1, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 genes showed remarkable cross-resistance to several herbicides with different structures and modes of action due to metabolism of these herbicides by the P450 species expressed. The transgenic rice plant 2C9-57R2 expressing CYP2C9 gene showed resistance to sulfonylureas, and the transgenic rice plant 2C19-12R1 expressing CYP2C19 gene showed cross-resistance to certain herbicides with different structures and modes of action. These transgenic plants appear to be useful for herbicide resistance as well as phytoremediation of environmental contaminants.  相似文献   

A longitudinal study to identify constraints to dairy cattle health and production in rural smallholder communities in Northern Vietnam     

Suzuki K  Kanameda M  Inui K  Ogawa T  Nguyen VK  Dang TT  Pfeiffer DU 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(2):177-184

The objective of the study was to investigate constraints to dairy cattle health and production in rural smallholder communities in northern Vietnam, one of the target areas of the Vietnam government's dairy development programme. A total of 99 dairy farms (11 per commune) were recruited from 9 of 32 communes in Ba Vi District, using random two-stage cluster sampling. After the initial questionnaire interviews were conducted, farms were visited at three monthly intervals over a period of 1 year. Information on several health and production parameters relating to the study cattle was collected. Using multiple indicator modelling, it was found that Fasciola infestation, farmers who had been involved in dairying for longer (not indicative of better management skills), larger herd size, and cattle being kept in a shed were linked to reduced reproductive performances.  相似文献   

Hypodectes propus (Acarina: Hypoderatidae) in a rufous turtle dove,Streptopelia orientalis (Aves: Columbiformes), in Japan     

Khaled Mohamed El-Dakhly  El-Shaymaa El-Nahass  Kosei Inui  Junpei Kimura  Hiroki Sakai  Tokuma Yanai 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(4):421-424

An adult male rufous turtle dove, Streptopelia (S.) orientalis (Aves: Columbiformes), was found dead in Yorii-machi Town, Osato District 369-1217, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and subjected to necropsy. A large number of immobile hypopi (deutonymphs) of the hypoderatid mite, Hypodectes (H.) propus (Acarina: Hypoderatidae), were found individually encapsulated subcutaneously primarily in the adipose tissue. The mites were 1.43 mm in length and 0.44 mm in width on average, and had provoked mild inflammatory reactions that predominantly manifested as foamy macrophages and lymphoplasmocytes. PCR analysis using ribosomal DNA extracted from paraffin-blocked tissues produced a 240 bp band specific for hypoderatids. Based on the morphological features (distinct coxal apodemes, especially in the anterior portion) and PCR-based findings, the hypopi were identified as H. propus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case describing the subcutaneous mite H. propus in a rufous turtle dove, S. orientalis, in Japan. This study also highlights the use of paraffin blocks as a source of tissue DNA for molecular evaluation.  相似文献   

Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma with a Sarcomatoid Growth Pattern and Signet-Ring-Like Structure in a Female F344 Rat     

Aya Ohnuma-Koyama  Toshinori Yoshida  Naofumi Takahashi  Satoshi Akema  Yukiko Takeuchi-Kashimoto  Maki Kuwahara  Mika Nagaike  Kosei Inui  Nobuaki Nakashima  Takanori Harada 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):197-201

We report a biphasic malignant mesothelioma in an aged female F344/DuCrlCrlj rat. Macroscopically, multiple pale brown nodules were observed in the abdominal cavity with retention of bloody ascites. Histopathologically, the tumor cells spread over the peritoneum and formed masses on the surface and underlying adipose tissues. The tumor cells dominantly proliferated in a solid, nodular or nest-like pattern with modest amount of fibrillar connective tissues, which contained hyaluronan. The tumor consisted of ovoid, polygonal or spindle-shaped cells that possessed eosinophilic cytoplasms including glycogen; some tumor cells showed a signet-ring-like structure. Multinucleated cells and mitosis were found frequently, and direct invasion to intra-abdominal organs and intravascular metastasis to the liver were observed. Immunohistochemically, keratin and mesothelin were strongly positive in most of tumor cells, while vimentin was mainly positive in spindle-shaped cells. Podoplanin was also positive, particularly in the cell membrane of tumor cells. Electron microscopically, tumor cells showed an intercellular desmosome-like structure, basement membrane and microvillus. We diagnosed the case as a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with a sarcomatoid growth pattern and signet-ring-like structure.  相似文献   

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) in spontaneously epileptic rats (SER) and their parent mutants.     

H Kuse  T Inui  Y Asano  M Hori  A Okaniwa  T Serikawa  J Yamada 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(4):629-636

Postnatal development of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in spontaneously epileptic rats (SER; zi/zi, tm/tm), a double mutant, their parent mutants, tremor rats (tm/tm) and zitter rats (zi/zi), and Kyo:Wistar rats (control), was studied by repeated ABR recordings from 2 to 13 weeks of age. In tremor rats and Kyo:Wistar rats at 2 weeks of age, ABR pattern was almost the same and 2 or 3 waves were identified. However, no further development in ABR was observed in tremor rats and prolongation of latency and lowering of amplitude were marked. Only wave I with prolonged latency and lowered amplitude was recognized in zitter rats, SER and SER-N (zitter phenotype without epilepsy; zi/zi, tm/+ or zi/zi, +/+). ABR pattern was almost the same from 2 to 13 weeks of age in them. Electrocochleography revealed delay of N1 latency of compound action potential in SER. Vacuolation was observed in the cochlear nuclei and the brainstem of tremor rats and SER from 3 weeks of age in histopathological examination. The organ of Corti and cochlear nerve of tremor rats and SER exhibited no remarkable histopathological findings. The deafness in SER and its parent mutants was considered to occur as a result of impairment of inner ear, cochlear nerve and brainstem as well.  相似文献   

Characteristic cellular composition of germinal centers     

Imamura K  Yasuda M  Riwar B  Inui S  Ekino S 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(5):419-428

We established the method of isolating individually encapsulated germinal centers (GCs) from immunized spleen and analyzed single cell suspension of GCs by flowcytometry. In GCs, the high frequency of sIgG+ cells (29%) and sIgA+ cells (5%) was detected. Two-color flowcytometry analysis showed that GCs contained 27% of sIgM-IgG+ cells, in which isotype switch from IgM to IgG had occurred, and 5% of Bu1-IgG+ cells, which were differentiating into plasma cells. On the other hand, sIgM-IgG+ and Bu1-IgG+ cells were not detected in the bursa, which contained 95% of B cells and only 1% of T cells. CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells were detected in the light zone of GCs and these CD4+ T cells are supposed to play a key role in isotype switching and differentiation into plasma cells in GCs. These results clearly demonstrate that GCs provide a site for isotype switching and differentiation into plasma cells.  相似文献   

Recrudescence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and associated neural changes in calves treated with dexamethasone   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M Narita  S Inui  K Nanba  Y Shimizu 《American journal of veterinary research》1981,42(7):1192-1197

Reactivation of infection bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus in calves administered dexamethasone (DM) was studied in 2 experiments. At 2, 3, 5, 15, or 30 months after inoculation of the Los Angeles strain of IBR virus, IV injections of DM were given for 5 consecutive days to induce a recurrent infection (experiment 1). Three months after the 1st treatment, a 2nd recurrent infection was induced, using DM with the same doses as used in experiment 1. The virus was excreted from nasal secretions from the 4th to the 10th day after initial treatment with DM, and from the 6th to the 9th day after the 2nd treatment. On pathologic examination, trigeminal ganglionitis, consisting of many proliferated microglia and inflammatory cells, was observed in all DM-treated calves. Moreover, degeneration of the ganglion cells and neuronophagia were prominent features in the calves after the 2nd recurrent infection. These observations indicated that the trigeminal ganglion may be one of the latent sites of IBR virus in calves after intranasal infection and that calves can develop a recrudescent infection after DM treatment several times during their lifetime.  相似文献   

Neural changes in vaccinated calves challenge exposed with virulent infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus     

M Narita  S Inui  K Nanba  Y Shimizu 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(12):1995-1999

Recurrent infection in calves vaccinated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-(IBR) modified live virus was induced by dexamethasone (DM) treatment given 49 days after challenge exposure with virulent IBR virus. Nonchallenge-exposed IM and intranasally vaccinated calves did not excrete the virus after DM treatment; however, IM and intranasally vaccinated and subsequently challenge-exposed calves excreted the challenge-exposure virus into the nasal secretions 5 to 11 days and 6 to 10 days after the DM treatment, respectively. The calves were killed 15 to 18 days (experiment 1) and 14 days (experiment 2) and DM treatment was started and then were examined by histopathologic and fluorescent antibody techniques. All DM-treated calves that were inoculated with the vaccinal virus and challenge exposed with the virulent virus developed nonsuppurative trigeminal ganglionitis and encephalitis. On the contrary, the DM-treated nonchallenge-exposed vaccinated calves did not have lesions in the peripheral nervous system and CNS. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antigens were not observed in tissues of any of the calves examined (experiments 1 and 2) by fluorescent antibody techniques. These observations indicated that the modified live IBR virus neither produced lesions nor induced latent infection and that modified live IBR virus vaccination did not protect the calves against the establishment of a latent infection after their exposure to large doses of the virulent IBR virus.  相似文献