Performance in Full Fresh Air Mode of Centralised Air-conditioning System for Shopping Malls in Chinas Hot Summer Region     

LIU Meng  QIAN F  MCKINNELL Keith  LI Yong-qiang 《保鲜与加工》2011,(3):94-99

Based on the analysis of the outdoor weather condition in Chinas hot summer region, it is found that the full fresh air mode can work in the whole winter and half of the time in transition season. Thus, about 30%-60% runtime of the artificial cold source can be reduced. It studies the control strategies at different conditions of indoor load, ventilation and indoor air temperature and humidity by analyzing two control modes-enthalpy control and temperature control. It shows that the higher the indoor load is, the more efficient the full fresh air mode is. And the airflow is better to be set as 6~8 h-1. Since the indoor air parameter has great influence on energy saving, it is necessary to set different indoor air parameters in different seasons by taking the effect of temperature difference on human thermal comfort into consideration. It is also found that the enthalpy control mode can be used in winter and in transition season, while the temperature control mode can be applied in summer. If the full fresh air mode were adopted, it would cut down the energy consumption by 100~180 kWh/m2 and the carbon emission by 30~50 kg/m2 each year.  相似文献   

Assessing the northern diversion of sockeye salmon returning to the Fraser River, BC     

SKIP MCKINNELL  HOWARD J. FREELAND  & SARAH D. GROULX 《Fisheries Oceanography》1999,8(2):104-114

We examine the oft-quoted relationship between the migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon around the northern end of Vancouver Island and sea surface temperatures. We examine the methods used to estimate the northern diversion and conclude that the estimates have a sufficiently low expected error to form a useful representation of sockeye salmon behaviour. The well-known relationship with Kains Island sea surface temperature is explored and problems are pointed out. In particular, we explore why Kains Island temperatures are good predictors of salmon behaviour in May when the sockeye can be over 1000 km away, but the coastal temperatures are poor predictors in July to September when the salmon are actually close by. We show that a more robust predictor can be developed using open ocean temperature fields and we show why Kains Island fails as a predictor during the summer months. Finally, we show by cross-validation that the northern diversion is predictable with an r.m.s. error of about 0.1.  相似文献