Effect of different permeable and non-permeable cryoprotectants on the hatching rate of rainbow trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) embryos     

Mohammad Sudagar  Saeide Keivanloo  Abasali Hajibeglou 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(1):75-84

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of cryoprotectants on the hatching rate of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. Epiboly and first eye pigmentation stage embryos were immersed in six permeable cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (Gly), methanol (MeOH), propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG), and acetamide (Ac), in concentrations of 1–5 M for 5 or 10 min and two non-permeable cryoprotectants, sucrose (Suc) (10%, 15%, 20%) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (5%, 10%, 15%) for 5 min. The embryos were then washed and incubated until hatching occurred. The toxicity of the cryoprotectant was assessed by the hatching rate. The results illustrated that permeable cryoprotectant toxicity for rainbow trout embryos increased in the order of PG < DMSO < MeOH < Gly < EG < Ac. The hatching rate of the embryos treated with permeable cryoprotectants decreased (P < 0.05) with increased concentration and duration of exposure. There were no significant decreases in hatching rate of embryos treated with sucrose and PVP with the increase of concentration; sucrose had higher hatching rates than PVP. Rainbow trout embryos at first eye pigmentation stage exhibited greater tolerance to cryoprotectants than embryos at epiboly stage.  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation to determine the toxicity of various cryoprotectants on striped gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) embryos     

Keivanloo  Saeide  Sudagar  Mohammad  Hajibeglou  Abasali  Shakiba  Moradmohammad 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(1):399-408

As a study of cryoprotectant toxicity is an essential prerequisite for the development of a cryopreservation protocol, this study focuses on determining the toxicity of four permeable cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol (PG), methanol (MeOH), and acetamide (Ac). In cryoprotectant toxicity experiments, striped gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) embryos at three different developmental stages (multi cell, 100% epiboly, and proliferation of somites) were exposed to cryoprotectant solutions with concentrations from 1 to 4 M for a period of 5 and 15 min. Following these treatments, the embryos were incubated until the evaluation of hatching rate. Embryos were tolerant to low concentrations of all cryoprotectants tested in the range of 1 to 2 M for all developmental stages. Early stage embryos were more vulnerable to high concentration (3 and 4 M) than late stage embryos. Results also showed that as concentration and duration of exposure increased, the hatching rate significantly decrease (P < 0.05). On a molar-equivalent basis, DMSO appeared to be less toxic to PG, MeOH, and Ac in general. Exposure to cryoprotectants revealed a stage-dependent sensitivity. Toxicity increased in the order of MeOH < DMSO < PG < Ac in multi cell stage and DMSO < MeOH < PG < Ac in 100% epiboly and proliferation of somites stages. The proliferation of somites stage embryos was less sensitive to exposure to cryoprotectants than multi cell and 100% epiboly stages. These findings could be important for designing cryopreservation protocols for this demanding ornamental species.

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Immunolocalization of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase-rich cells in the gill and urinary system of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, fry     

Saber Khodabandeh  Zahra Khoshnood  & Saeide Mosafer 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(3):329-336

Localization of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase-rich cells in the gill and urinary system of Acipenser persicus fry was performed through immunofluorescence light microscopy using a mouse monoclonal antibody IgGα₅ raised against the α-subunit of chicken Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase. Different types of epithelia were clearly identified in the gill epithelium: epithelia of branchial arch, interbranchial septum, filament and lamellar epithelium. The Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase-rich cells were found in the epithelia of branchial arch, interbranchial septum, filament, interlamellar region and also in the lamellae. Histologically, the urinary system is divided into head kidney, trunk kidney and short caudal kidney. The head kidney is composed of the pronephric tubules and the haemopoietic tissues, while the trunk kidney is composed of a large number of glomeruli and convoluted nephrons. Each nephron consisted of a large glomerulus and tubules (neck, proximal, distal and collecting tubules) which connected to ureters. Posteriorly, ureters extended and joined together to form a small urinary bladder. In the urinary system, no specific fluorescence staining was observed in the glomerulus, neck segment and proximal tubules. The distal tubule cells and collecting tubule cells showed a strong immunostaining of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase. Epithelia of ureters and urinary bladder also showed several isolated immunofluorescent cells. Immunofluorescent cells were rich in Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase enzyme which is very important for osmoregulation.  相似文献