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BACKGROUND: The amygdala is a forebrain region, which is known as a modulator of pain sensation. The amygdala, particularly the central nucleus, has high concentrations of enkephalins relative to dynorphins and has high concentrations of opioid receptors. We here studied the role of central nuclei of amygdala in morphine antinociception. METHODS: In this study, we used 130 male Wistar rats (200-250 g). Bilateral two guide cannula were inserted into central nuclei of amygdala. The drugs were administrated via intra central-amygdala and intraperitoneal. The antinociceptive effect was measured by formalin test. RESULTS: Bilateral microinjections of morphine (50 and 100 microg/rat) into the central nuclei of amygdala elicited powerful suppression of nociceptive behaviors in both phases of formalin test. The intraperitoneal administration of naloxone (1 and 2 mg/kg) decreased significantly the antinociception induced by the intra-amygdaloid injection of morphine. Our data also showed that microinjection of naloxone (50 and 100 microg/rat) into the central nuclei of amygdala could reduce the analgesic effects of systemic morphine (7 mg/kg). On the other hand, bilateral neurotoxic lesions of the central nuclei of amygdala attenuated the antinociception induced by subcutaneous or intra-amygdaloid injection of morphine. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that morphine analgesia in the formalin test depends on ascending connections to the forebrain, probably the amygdala. 相似文献
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Ovulation and spawning induction in Caspian kutum Rutilus frisii kutum by administration of GnRHa and catecholaminergic pharmaceutical compounds with Ovaprim 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sara Koohilai Shahrbanoo Oryan Homayoun Hosseinzadeh Sahafi Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi Safieh Behzadi 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1469-1477
The acceleration of final oocyte maturation and ovulation is recognized as a principal process in Caspian kutum Rutilus frisii kutum, a commercial and valuable species in Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of catecholaminergic pharmaceutics which include Salbutamol (β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist), Metoprolol (β1‐adrenergic receptor antagonist), Clozapine and Olanzapine (the third generation of D4 and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists) which can be more efficient than the first and second generations, in combination with Buserelin ([D‐Ser(tBu)6,Pro9‐NEt]‐GnRHa) and Ovaprim (D‐Ala6,Pro9‐Net)‐sGnRH+Domperidone on ovulation and spawning induction in Caspian kutum. One hundred eight adult females were injected once with Buserelin Acetate (BUS) 5 μg kg?1 BW, Ovaprim 0.5 mL kg?1 BW, Salbutamol Sulphate (SLB) 4 mg kg?1 BW, Olanzapine (OLZ) 5 mg kg?1 BW, Clozapine (CZ) 12 mg kg?1 BW and Metoprolol Tartrate (MTP) 5 mg kg?1 BW, being divided into 12 groups: group 1, intact (negative control); group 2, Ovaprim (positive control); group 3, OLZ+SLB; group 4, OLZ+MTP; group 5, OLZ+BUS; group 6, CZ+SLB; group 7, CZ+MTP; group 8, CZ+BUS; group 9, OLZ+BUS+SLB; group 10, OLZ+BUS+MTP; group 11, CZ+BUS+SLB and group 12, CZ+BUS+MTP (N = 9). The results showed that the highest mean value in ovulation success, ovulation index, fertilization success, relative fecundity and the number of eggs belonged to Ovaprim treatment. On the other hand, spawning was successful in OLZ+BUS+SLB and CZ+BUS treatments (P < 0.05), whereas it was lower in CZ+MTP, CZ+BUS+MTP and OLZ+BUS than the other treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that Clozapine and Olanzapine potentiated the effect of Buserelin treatment in ovulation and spawning induction, while Metoprolol blocked the stimulatory effects of GnRHa, Clozapine and Olanzapine. Salbutamol also can amplify stimulatory effect of all mentioned pharmaceutics. 相似文献
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Two new analogs of Aurein 1.2 antimicrobial peptide were synthesized and the antimicrobial activities were investigated. The results showed that the activity of G1R/F3W analog was higher than the native peptide and the F3W analog. Circular dichroism studies also showed that the secondary structure of the F3W was concentration-dependent, whereas, there was no such relationship seen in the case of G1R/F3W analog. It has been proposed that G1R/F3W activity was based on a single mechanism (snorkeling), while Aurein 1.2 and F3W utilized the snorkeling mechanism at low concentrations (0-0.01 mM) and the carpet mechanism at higher concentrations (0.01-0.1 mM). This study suggests that one pay attention to the concentration of biomolecules in peptide-based drug design. 相似文献
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Prevalence and intensity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oestrus ovis</Emphasis> in sheep of Shiraz,southern Iran 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sardar Jafari Shoorijeh Shahram Negahban Amin Tamadon Mohammad Amin Behzadi 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1259-1262
Two thousand and two heads obtained from slaughtered sheep at the Fars abattoirs (Shiraz, Southern Iran) between April 2006
and April 2007 were examined for the presence of Oestrus ovis larvae. Of the total heads, 995 (49.7%) were infested with O. ovis larvae. O. ovis larvae were observed in both sexes and all age groups in each season of the year. A total of 6264 larvae were collected.
The overall larval intensity for the infested sheep was 6.3, with 3.9 in spring, 5.3 in summer, 5.9 in autumn and 7.8 in winter.
Prevalence ranged from 23.3% in spring to 80% in winter. Increased infestation was observed in older animals. 相似文献
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M. R. Bahreini Behzadi F. E. Shahroudi & L. D. Van Vleck 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2007,124(5):296-301
Birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (W6), 9-month weight (W9) and yearling weight (YW) of Kermani lambs were used to estimate genetic parameters. The data were collected from Shahrbabak Sheep Breeding Research Station in Iran during the period of 1993-1998. The fixed effects in the model were lambing year, sex, type of birth and age of dam. Number of days between birth date and the date of obtaining measurement of each record was used as a covariate. Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood, using single and two-trait animal models. Based on the most appropriate fitted model, direct and maternal heritabilities of BW, WW, W6, W9 and YW were estimated to be 0.10 +/- 0.06 and 0.27 +/- 0.04, 0.22 +/- 0.09 and 0.19 +/- 0.05, 0.09 +/- 0.06 and 0.25 +/- 0.04, 0.13 +/- 0.08 and 0.18 +/- 0.05, and 0.14 +/- 0.08 and 0.14 +/- 0.06 respectively. Direct and maternal genetic correlations between the lamb weights varied between 0.66 and 0.99, and 0.11 and 0.99. The results showed that the maternal influence on lamb weights decreased with age at measurement. Ignoring maternal effects in the model caused overestimation of direct heritability. Maternal effects are significant sources of variation for growth traits and ignoring maternal effects in the model would cause inaccurate genetic evaluation of lambs. 相似文献
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Mokhtari Morteza Sattaei Borzi N. Kargar Fozi M. Asadi Behzadi M. R. Bahreini 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2203-2212
Tropical Animal Health and Production - In the present study, 10,116 body weight-age records were measured on 2537 Kermani lambs. The records were collected from Kermani Sheep Breeding Station,... 相似文献
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Development of a target oriented weed control system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Mahsa Rasekhian Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi Safieh Amini Kayhan Azadmanesh 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2015,19(3):124-132
Background:
In gene therapy, the use of RNA molecules as therapeutic agents has shown advantages over plasmid DNA, including higher levels of safety. However, transient nature of RNA has been a major obstacle in application of RNA in gene therapy.Methods:
Here, we used the internal ribosomal entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus and the 3’ non-translated region of Poliovirus to design an enterovirus-like RNA for the expression of a reporter gene (enhanced green fluorescent protein) and a suicide gene (thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus). The expression of these genes was evaluated by flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assay in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480). We then armed RNA molecules with a target sequence for hsa-miR-143 to regulate their expression by microRNA (miRNA) mimics.Results:
The results showed effective expression of both genes by Entrovirus-like RNA constructs. The data also showed that the restoration of hsa-miR-143 expression in SW480 leads to a significant translation repression of the introduced reporter and suicide genes.Conclusion:
Collectively, our data suggest the potential use of Entrovirus-like RNA molecules in suicide gene therapy. Additionally, as a consequence of the possible downregulated miRNA expression in cancerous tissues, a decreased expression of gene therapy constructs armed with target sequences for such miRNA in cancer tissue is expected.Key Words: Thymidine kinase, Polio 3’NCR, miR-143 相似文献
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