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1.
Adjuvant effect of green propolis on humoral immune response of bovines immunized with bovine herpesvirus type 5 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fischer G Cleff MB Dummer LA Paulino N Paulino AS de Oliveira Vilela C Campos FS Storch T D'Avila Vargas G de Oliveira Hübner S Vidor T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,116(1-2):79-84
Despite recent technological advances in vaccine production, most vaccines depend on the association with adjuvant substances. In this study, propolis, which has been attracting the attention of researchers due to its bioactive properties, was evaluated as an immunological adjuvant. The association of 40mg/dose of an ethanolic extract of green propolis with an inactivated oil vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01) in the neutralizing antibody levels, comparing to the bovines that received the same vaccine without propolis. Besides, propolis increased the percentage of animals with high antibody titers (above 32). Phenolic compounds such as artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and the derivatives of cinnamic acid besides other flavonoid substances were abundant in the propolis extract used, and they could be the main substances with adjuvant action. The effect of the green propolis extract on the humoral immune response can be exploited in the development of new vaccines. 相似文献
2.
Glaydson S. dos Reis Matthew A. Adebayo Carlos H. Sampaio Eder C. Lima Pascal S. Thue Irineu A. S. de Brum Silvio L. P. Dias Flavio A. Pavan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(1):33
Sludge-derived activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by conventional heating and microwave pyrolysis. The ACs were characterized using several analytical and functional techniques and used for removal of six phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents exhibited similar features and possessed hydrophobic surfaces. The ACs were assigned mesoporous materials, with specific surface areas of up to 641 and 540 m2 g?1 for CAC-500 and MAC-980, respectively. The preliminary results indicated that phenol removal onto the ACs increased in the order: m-cresol?<?phenol?<?o-cresol?<?2-chrorophenol?<?2-nitrophenol?<?hydroquinone. Hydroquinone exhibited the highest adsorption capacity and was chosen to continue the remaining part of the experimental work—kinetic and isothermal studies. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm data were well described by the Avrami fractionary order and Redlich–Peterson models, respectively. The maximum amounts (Q max) of hydroquinone adsorbed at 25 °C were too high, reaching 1218.3 and 1202.1 mg g?1 for CAC-500 and MAC-980, respectively. The mechanism of adsorption was proposed in this work, and it was suggested that donor–acceptor complex and π–π interactions play major roles in the adsorption process. The adsorbents were also tested on simulated effluents. The two ACs displayed good efficiency for the treatment of industrial simulated effluents. 相似文献
3.
Érica Sevilha Harterreiten-Souza Pedro Henrique Brum Togni Carmen Silvia Soares Pires Edison Ryoiti Sujii 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(2):205-219
The integration of agroforestry plots with ephemeral crops such as vegetables on the farm scale can probably serve as a refuge and source of beneficial insects. Therefore, agroforestry systems possibly represent an alternative that favors ecosystem services and help growers in the transition process from conventional to agro-ecological agriculture. This study aimed to understand the role of introducing agroforestry systems in structuring insect communities, with consequences for the abundance of herbivore and natural enemies, contributing to farm management and favoring biological control as an ecosystem service. Field surveys showed that agroforestry systems can harbor more species than horticultural crops, independent of the functional group. They also contain a greater diversity of herbivores and an even greater diversity profile of natural enemy communities. Agroforestry systems served as a source of natural enemies that can colonize horticultural crops when herbivores are present. As a consequence, natural enemies can establish a numerical response to herbivore abundance, but their communities are also affected by stochastic factors related to climatic conditions. Thus, agroforestry systems and agro-ecological practices might favor an agriculture based on the maintenance and conservation of ecosystem services. 相似文献
4.
SK Shaheenur Islam Holy Akwar Md. Mehedi Hossain Md. Abu Sufian Md. Zakiul Hasan Shovon Chakma Tongkorn Meeyam Warangkhana Chaisowwong Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Nitish C. Debnath Eric Brum Duangporn Pichpol 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):658-672
Analysis of environmental samples obtained from the Live Poultry Markets (LPMs) of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, has revealed that the highest degree of prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI, H5N1), besides other subtypes of the LPAI virus, poses the plausible risk of transmission of these viruses between human and poultry species. The present study was conducted using the OIE risk analysis framework to assess the risk level of each pathway successively. The estimated risk parameters were integrated towards to obtain the overall risk level for each specific HPAI transmission pathway using the matrix adapted by Cristobel Zepeda accompanying other expert consultations. The relevant data obtained from published and unpublished sources, together with survey data of field observations, were used to formulate and confirm the risk pathways and their associated risks. The results revealed that the risk of the release of the HPAI virus was medium when exposure was high. Additionally, the consequence would be considered very high with a medium degree of uncertainty for all parameters. Ultimately, the overall risk for transmission was estimated as medium with a medium degree of uncertainty. The findings of this study reveal that there is a significant threat that HPAI virus transmission could occur among poultry and humans and effectively sustain within the environment of the LPMs. Our findings are primarily focused on public health considerations, the hygienic slaughter of poultry and the relevant cleaning and sanitation practices conducted in the LPMs to support evidence‐based decision‐making processes. The findings of the study have the potential to be used to formulate effective risk reduction measures and can be further adapted in low‐resource settings without major infrastructural changes required of the LPMs. All of which would reduce the risk of HPAI virus release and further lessen the degree of exposure and transmission in established LPMs. 相似文献
5.
Sannie Brum Patrícia Rosas-Ribeiro Rodrigo de Souza Amaral Diogo Alexandre de Souza Leandro Castello Vera Maria Ferreira da Silva 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(12):1068-1086
- Aquatic mammals worldwide are highly threatened in freshwater ecosystems where they are affected by direct human activities (e.g. hunting) as well as indirect human alteration of freshwater ecosystems (e.g. dams, mining activity). Although aquatic mammals of the Amazon Basin are experiencing many growing threats, little is known about the escalating impacts on them, current limitations in protection mechanisms, and possible strategies to ensure their conservation. This study synthesizes the available information on Amazonian aquatic mammals, including the ecological characteristics of these species, key threats, population status and conservation prospects.
- Amazonian aquatic mammals comprise seven species – Inia geoffrensis, Inia boliviensis, Inia araguaiaensis, Sotalia fluviatilis, Trichechus inunguis, Pteronura brasiliensis and Lontra longicaudis – which are characterized by low reproductive rates and keystone ecosystem roles. These species are endangered mainly by biological resource use, natural ecosystem modifications, energy production and mining, and climate change. Although information is sparse, there is evidence that these threats are inducing population declines of Inia spp., and hindering the recovery of populations of P. brasiliensis.
- Protection mechanisms for these species mostly include national and international laws and agreements, legislation governing environmental licensing and protected areas. Each of these protection mechanisms, however, has limited capacity to protect Amazonian aquatic mammals, largely because they are poorly enforced, lack transnational coordination or require population trend data that do not exist.
- Reversing the current state of affairs for Amazonian aquatic mammals requires an integrated research and policy approach that, at a minimum, substantially increases the present capacity to monitor their population responses to human impacts, establishes effective enforcement of existing legislation and prevents further impacts from hydropower development. To implement such an approach, information on the ecology of these species is necessary to create public and scientific awareness.
6.
Antonio Cesar Godoy Alberto Yoshihiro Nakano David Antônio Brum Siepmann Ricardo Schneider Felipe Walter Dafico Pfrimer Oscar Oliveira Santos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(12):378
Turbidity has been used as an effective indicator of water quality and it is regulated by national control agencies as a water potability parameter. This work proposes a simple, low-cost, and easily reproducible method based on digitally processed snapshots of electromagnetic radiation beam through a scattering medium in order to measure turbidity. The formazin polymer was used as the standard reference in the experiments to prepare samples from 0.1 to 100 NTU for high turbidity range and from 0.02 to 10 FNU for low turbidity range. The device design is comprised of a webcam and an LED/laser as a light sensor and a radiation source, respectively. The captured scattered light snapshot can be decomposed digitally in color components values and correlated with the turbidity parameter. It is possible to obtain differently device performances changing the light sensor device configuration. The linear regression analyses have shown a distinct relationship among red, green, blue, and grayscale components and the turbidity. At high range, the green component present the best LOD and LOQ values 0.64 and 2.10, respectively, operating with an ordinary webcam and white LED. Nevertheless, the best device performances were obtained with dedicated Raspberry Pi camera modules and white LED for low range turbidity reaching LOD=0.027 and LOQ=0.087 FNU. The figures of merit show recovery between (97.50?101.95%), repeatability (2.11%), within-laboratory reproducibility (2.25%), and limits of quantification (0.087 FNU). The achieved performance device shows the effectiveness of digitally processed snapshots obtained with digital cameras for turbidity measurements. 相似文献
7.
Moore FM Brum SL Brown L 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1991,20(4):95-97
Protein levels in urine specimens from 91 dogs and 65 cats were evaluated by sulfasalicylic acid precipitation (SSA) and dipstick methods. The dipstick frequently yielded reactions for protein that were greater than the level of protein indicated by SSA (i.e., false positive reactions), although no false negative reactions for protein were noted. All urine specimens with protein levels equal to or greater than 100 mg/dl by SSA had dipstick results of 3 +. Results of this study suggest that dipstick analysis for urine protein is an adequate screening procedure for the selection of urines for quantitative analysis of protein and creatinine to assess proteinuria. 相似文献
8.
Farnsworth ML Fitchett S Hidayat MM Lockhart C Hamilton-West C Brum E Angus S Poermadjaja B Pinto J 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,102(3):206-217
In 2008, the Indonesian Government implemented a revised village-level Participatory Disease Surveillance and Response (PDSR) program to gain a better understanding of both the magnitude and spatial distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in backyard poultry. To date, there has been considerable collection of data, but limited publically available analysis. This study utilizes data collected by the PDSR program between April 2008 and September 2010 for Java, Bali and the Lampung Province of Sumatra. The analysis employs hierarchical Bayesian occurrence models to quantify spatial and temporal dynamics in backyard HPAI infection reports at the District level in 90 day time periods, and relates the probability of HPAI occurrence to PDSR-reported village HPAI infection status and human and poultry density. The probability of infection in a District was assumed to be dependent on the status of the District in the previous 90 day time period, and described by either a colonization probability (the probability of HPAI infection in a District given there had not been infection in the previous 90 day time period) or a persistence probability (the probability of HPAI infection being maintained in the District from the previous to current 90 day period). Results suggest that the number of surveillance activities in a district had little relationship to outbreak occurrence probabilities, but human and poultry densities were found to have non-linear relationships to outbreak occurrence probabilities. We found significant spatial dependency among neighboring districts, indicating that there are latent spatial processes that are not captured by the covariates available for this study, but which nonetheless impact outbreak dynamics. The results of this work may help improve understanding of the seasonal nature of H5N1 in poultry and the potential role of poultry density in enabling endemicity to occur, as well as to assist the Government of Indonesia target scarce resources to regions and time periods when outbreaks of HPAI in poultry are most likely to occur. 相似文献
9.
Simionatto S Marchioro SB Galli V Brum CB Klein CS Rebelatto R Silva EF Borsuk S Conceição FR Dellagostin OA 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2012,35(2):209-216
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, is highly prevalent worldwide and causes major economic losses to the pig industry. Commercial vaccines are widely used in the control of this disease, however, they provide only partial protection. The aim of this study was to evaluate 34 recombinant proteins of M. hyopneumoniae expressed in Escherichia coli. Antigenic and immunogenic properties of these proteins were analyzed. For this, the proteins were tested against hyperimmune and convalescent pig sera through ELISA and Western blot. Immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins was evaluated in BALB/c mice following intramuscular inoculation. Most antigens were able to induce a strong immune response and sera from inoculated mice were able to recognize native proteins by cell ELISA and Western blot. Several recombinant proteins were specifically recognized by convalescent pig sera, indicating they are expressed during infection. These data may help to develop more efficacious vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae. 相似文献
10.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Coomassie blue staining of the acrosome of equine and canine spermatozoa. SAMPLE POPULATION: Spermatozoa of 5 mixed-breed male dogs and 3 Thoroughbred stallions. PROCEDURE: Various proportions of intact and acrosome-damaged spermatozoa were fixed in 2% phosphate-buffered formaldehyde or 4% paraformaldehyde, smeared onto glass slides, and stained with Coomassie blue stain. Acrosomal status (damaged vs intact) was also assessed by use of flow cytometry after staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) and propidium iodide. Comparisons were made between percentages of expected and observed acrosome-intact spermatozoa in different proportions of live and flash-frozen samples; the percentages of acrosome-intact spermatozoa as determined by use of Coomassie blue staining and flow cytometry were also compared. RESULTS: Strong correlations were found between the expected and observed distributions of acrosome-intact spermatozoa when fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (r2 = 0.93 and 0.89 for canine and equine spermatozoa, respectively) as well as between Coomassie blue-stained cells and those stained with FITC-PSA and assessed by use of flow cytometry (r2 = 0.96 and 0.97 for canine and equine spermatozoa, respectively). However, in canine samples that were fixed in 2% phosphate-buffered formaldehyde, these correlations were weak. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Staining with Coomassie blue stain was a simple and accurate method to evaluate the acrosome in equine and canine spermatozoa after fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde. This assay should be useful in routine evaluation of semen samples from these species. 相似文献