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Muñoz AH Kubachka K Wrobel K Corona FG Yathavakilla SK Caruso JA Wrobel K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(13):5138-5143
Huitlacoche is the ethnic name of the young fruiting bodies of Ustilago maydis, a common parasite of maize. In Mexico and other Latin American countries, this fungus has been traditionally appreciated as a local delicacy. In this work a metallomics approach was used with the determination of eight elements in huitlacoche by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry as one facet of this approach. The results obtained indicated relatively lower concentrations of commonly analyzed metals, as referred to the data reported for other mushroom types. This effect was ascribed to different accessibilities of elements, depending on fungus substrate (lower from plant than from soil). Subcellular fractionation was accomplished by centrifugation of cell homogenates suspended in Tris-HCl buffer. Recoveries of the fractionation procedure were in the range of 71-103%. For six elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb), the mean relative contributions in cytosol, cell walls, and mixed membrane fraction were 50.7, 48.2, and 1.1% respectively. To attain the molecular weight distribution of compounds containing target elements as an additional aspect of the metallomics approach, the fungus extract (1% sodium dodecyl sulfate in Tris-HCl, 30 mmol L(-)(1), pH 7.0) was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography with UV and ICP-MS detection. With spectrophotometric detection (280 nm), the elution of high molecular weight compounds was observed in the form of one peak (MW > 10 kDa), and several lower peaks appeared at higher retention times (MW < 10 kDa). On ICP-MS chromatograms, a coelution of (59)Co, (63)Cu, (57)Fe, (202)Hg, (60)Ni, and (80)Se with the first peak on the UV chromatogram was clearly observed, indicating that a fraction of each element incorporated with high molecular weight compounds (12.7, 19.8, 33.7, 100, 19.4, and 45.8%, respectively, based on the peak area measurements). From a comparison of (80)Se and (33)S chromatograms (for sulfur analysis, the extract was obtained in the absence of SDS), both elements coeluted with the first UV peak, but their lower molecular weight compounds were apparently different. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the accumulation of elements in mushrooms. 相似文献
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S. Joshi I. M. Santha S. L. Mehta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(4):277-286
The percent distributions of protein fractions namely albumin + globulin, prolamine and glutelin were studied in developing grains of NP 113 barley and its high lysine mutant Notch-2. During development the percentage of albumin + globulin fraction decreased in NP 113, while those of prolamine and glutelin remained unchanged. The increase in prolamine was substantial from 24 to 31DAA. In Notch-2 the trend followed by albumin + globulin and prolamine was like that in NP 113, while the glutelin fraction showed an increase as compared to 10 DAA. The percent of albumin + globulin was slightly higher in Notch-2 as compared to NP 113. The absolute amount (mg/grain) of all the protein fractions increased during development in both NP 113 and its mutant Notch-2. During the grain development the prolamine content was substantially lower in the mutant than in the parent NP 113. The albumin + globulin content per endosperm was in general also higher in NP 113 than Notch-2. Amino acid analysis of the protein fractions did not reveal significant changes in lysine between NP 113 and Notch-2. Thus, the improvement in lysine in the mutant is primarily due to reduced synthesis of the prolamine fraction and not due to an increase in lysine in the mutant hordein fraction. Part of the improvemenht in lysine may also be due to increase in the percentage of albumin + globulin fractions which is lysine rich.Part of the Ph.D thesis submitted by S. Joshi to P.G. School, IARI, New Delhi. 相似文献
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G. O. Sumarani Santha V. Pillai P. Harisankar S. Sundaresan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(2):205-209
Isozyme analysis was utilized for identification of duplicates in indigenous collection of cassava germplasm. 786 indigenous accessions of cassava were screened for 11 key morphological characters and the morphological duplicates were identified. Two hundred and eighteen accessions of cassava consisting of ninety one sets of morphological duplicates were analysed for esterase isozyme polymorphism. Thirty seven polymorphic bands were obtained, showing high polymorphism for this enzyme. Thirty seven double sets and 17 multiple sets were found to be similar at isozyme level. These isozyme duplicates will be further analysed for DNA similarity before eliminating them from the field germplasm. The dissimilar sets showed variation in minor morphological characters, thus confirming the relation between isozyme polymorphism and phenotypic variation. 相似文献
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Yong Kit Chin Nurhidayu Al‐saari Zarirah Zulperi Aslizah Mohd‐Aris Annas Salleh Santha Silvaraj Aslah Mohamad JingYie Lee Mohd Zamri-Saad Md Yasin Ina-Salwany 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):389-399
Vibrio harveyi causes vibriosis in various marine aquaculture fish species, especially when they are young. The infection subsequently leads to significant economic losses for aquaculture farms. Vaccination is recommended to control this disease. This study describes the efficacy of a live attenuated V. harveyi strain MVh_vhs (LAVh) as a vaccine candidate in controlling infection by wild‐type V. harveyi (WTVh) in Lates calcarifer. A total of 240 fingerlings were divided into four groups. Group 1 was not vaccinated and was not challenged, Group 2 was vaccinated with a formalin‐killed V. harveyi (FKVh), Group 3 was vaccinated with the LAVh before challenge and Group 4 was not vaccinated and was challenged. Bath vaccination was employed for one hour before the LAVh distribution was determined in the fish mucus, gill, liver, gut, kidney and spleen. The gills, livers, kidneys and skins were also sampled for gene expression analysis. To challenge the fish, skin abrasion was conducted before the fish were challenged by immersion with WTVh. The results revealed an extensive distribution of the LAVh in the liver and kidneys of the fish in Group 3 for the first 12 hr, resulting in mild lesions compared with Group 1. Similarly, there were significantly (p < .05) higher expressions of the Chemokine ligand 4 and major histocompatibility complex I genes in the skin and liver of the fish in Group 3 in comparison with other groups. Vaccination with LAVh resulted in a significantly high rate of survival (68%) of the fingerlings after being challenged with WTVh. 相似文献
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Serafin Muñoz AH Kubachka K Wrobel K Gutierrez Corona JF Yathavakilla SK Caruso JA Wrobel K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(9):3440-3444
The incorporation of Se to fungi has been studied, focusing on element distribution among different cellular compartments and, in particular, polysaccharide structures contained in cell walls. Se-enriched mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus were obtained in submerged cultures. The incorporation of selenium from the growth medium to mycelia was observed with the relative distribution between cytosol plus cell membranes fraction (CCM) and cell walls fraction (CW) of about 44 and 56%, respectively. CCM fractions were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography with on-line UV (280 nm) and ICP-MS detection (80Se). The results obtained showed selenium binding to components of different molecular masses (about 24% of total selenium coeluted with the compounds of molecular mass > 10 kDa). A polysaccharide-containing fraction of mycelia was treated alternatively with Tris-HCl at pH 7.5 or with chitinase. Better solubility and increased contribution of low molecular mass compounds were observed in chitinase extracts (UV detection), confirming the degradation of polysacharides by the enzyme. The total area under the ICP-MS chromatogram of chitinase extract was 2 times higher with respect to the area for Tris-HCl extract. Furthermore, the relative contribution of selenium in the low molecular mass fraction (molecular mass < 1 kDa) in chitinase extract was 72% as compared to 45% in Tris-HCl extract (based on peak area measurements with respect to total area under the chromatogram). The results obtained suggest selenium binding to chitin-containing polysaccharide structures in fungi cell walls. 相似文献
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Summary Selection indices at different stages of selection were estimated for a biparental mating population of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). At the seedling stage indices constructed from primary characters are better than selection for yield alone. At the clonal stage the superiority of index selection over direct selection was marginal. In the seedling stage, selection based on index can lead to better selection efficiency in succeeding clonal stages. This was confirmed by a sample study. 相似文献
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Geeta Chawla Virendra Misra P. N. Viswanathan Santha Devi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,43(1-2):41-51
The effect of different concentrations of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate under laboratory conditions on Salvinia molesta Mitchell, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Ceratophyllum demursum L., Lemna minor L., Spirodella polyrhiza (L.) Schleid, and Pistia stratiotes L. was studied. A dose dependent effect on protein and chlorophyll a and b contents leading to substantial changes were noticed in the ultrastructural features as evident from scanning electron microscopy. 相似文献
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Summary The feasibility of developing an in vitro technique for screening drought-tolerant coconut germplasm has been investigated. Embryos excised from mature nuts of Sri Lanka-tall coconut were cultured as described previously. Water-stress in the culture system was progressively increased with each passage, by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), mannitol and sodium chloride into the culture medium. PEG and mannitol were observed to be growth inhibitory in action event at low concentrations and these two compounds were abandoned. In NaCl-stressed media, about 21% of randomly selected Sri Lanka-tall embryos died before reaching the 170 mM NaCl. About 78% survived 170 mM NaCl and only 12.6% were able to resist 320 mM NaCl. When zygotic embryos derived from two known drought-susceptible cultivars of coconut, CRIC-65 and Dwarf (from pumila) were tested using the same technique, 29% and 73% of embryos respectively died due to stress damage caused by 170 mM NaCl and none of either cultivar survived a salt concentration above 230 mM.However, embryos originated from two putative drought-tolerant cultivars showed a higher survival rate when subjected to salt stress. At 170 mM NaCl, all the embryos had developed into seedlings. In fact, percent germination of embryos was somewhat higher in 170 mM NaCl than in the control, that was devoid of NaCl. However, percent survivors gradually dropped with increase in salt concentration and about 18% survived the 330 mM NaCl. The technique seems to have great potential in screening drought-tolerant coconut germplasm. 相似文献
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N. D. Sharma I. M. Santha S. H. Patil S. L. Methta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(1):3-8
Groundnut mutants TG-8, TG-9, TG-17 and TG-18 induced by -irradiation differed in fatty acid composition from their parent Spanish Improved. All the mutants had lower linoleic and higher oleic than Spanish Improved. TG-18 had lower oleic and higher linoleic as compared with TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17. Palmitic acid in TG-18 and Spanish Improved was higher than other mutants. Oil stability as judged by oleic to linoleic ratio was substantially higher for mutants as compared with their parent.Amino acid composition of groundnut mutant proteins differed from Spanish Improved. In general mutants had higher contents of lysine, histidine, proline, phenylalanine and tryptophan and lower contents of threonine, serine and methionine. The first limiting amino acid was tryptophan in Spanish Improved, threonine in TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17 and Valine in TG-18. Essential amino acid contents for all except methionine, valine and threonine per grain flour were higher in all the mutants as compared with their parent. 相似文献
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