Arsenic Contamination in Rice, Wheat, Pulses, and Vegetables: A Study in an Arsenic Affected Area of West Bengal, India     

P. Bhattacharya  A. C. Samal  J. Majumdar  S. C. Santra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,209(1-4):3-13

Water retention and transport in soils is dependent upon the surface tension of the aqueous phase. Surfactants present in aqueous solution reduce the surface tension of aqueous phase. In soil–water systems, this can result in water drainage and reductions in field capacity and hydraulic conductivity. In this investigation, the surface tension of surfactant solutions mixed with soil—in a constant fixed ratio—was measured as a function of surfactant concentration. Two anionic surfactants were used: sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate. Two soils were also used—a clay soil and a sandy soil. The key observation made by this investigation was that the addition of soil to the surfactant solution provided a further component of surface tension reduction. Neither soil sample reduced the surface tension of water when surfactant was absent from the aqueous phase, though both soils released soil organic matter at low surfactant concentrations as shown by measurement of the chemical oxygen demand of the supernatant solutions. Furthermore, both surfactants were shown to be weakly adsorbed by soil as shown by the use of a methylene blue assay. It is therefore proposed that the additional reduction in surface tension arises from synergistic interactions between the surfactants and dissolved soil organic matter.  相似文献   

Identification of a diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm based on genotyping using microsatellite markers          下载免费PDF全文

Kapil K. Tiwari  Anshuman Singh  Sasmita Pattnaik  Maninder Sandhu  Sukhdeep Kaur  Sourabh Jain  Sushma Tiwari  Shweta Mehrotra  Mahender Anumalla  Rashmita Samal  Jyoti Bhardwaj  Neha Dubey  Vikrant Sahu  Gayle A. Kharshing  Patu K. Zeliang  Kadiri Sreenivasan  Pankaj Kumar  Swarup K. Parida  Sevanthi V. A. Mithra  Vandana Rai  Wricha Tyagi  Pawan K. Agrawal  Atmakuri R. Rao  Arunava Pattanayak  Girish Chandel  Ashok K. Singh  Ishwari S. Bisht  Kangila V. Bhat  Gundimeda J. N. Rao  Jitendra P. Khurana  Nagendra K. Singh  Trilochan Mohapatra 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(2):164-171

Identification of a small core germplasm set representing the available genetic diversity is essential for its proper evaluation and subsequent utilization in rice improvement programmes. For constituting a small diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm, a representative set of 6912 accessions drawn based on their geographic origin from the whole rice germplasm collection available in the National Gene Bank was genotyped using 36 microsatellite markers. Automated fragment analysis of amplicons yielded a total of 435 alleles, with an average 12.4 and range of 3–29 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 (RGNMS190) to 0.86 (RM552) with an average of 0.528. Based on genotyping data, a mini‐core consisting of 98 genotypes was identified. Ninety‐four per cent of the alleles present in the core set were present in the mini‐core. The identified small but diverse panel will be useful for further intensive trait‐specific evaluation and utilization in allele mining.  相似文献   

Variation in diosgenin levels among 10 accessions of fenugreek seeds produced in western Canada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Taylor WG  Zulyniak HJ  Richards KW  Acharya SN  Bittman S  Elder JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):5994-5997

A collection of 10 accessions of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), an annual legume, was grown during two summers at three plot locations in western Canada to assess whether genetic (accession) and environmental factors (site and year of production) influenced levels of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. The 60 harvested seed samples, each analyzed by single determinations on three subsamples of defatted and dried seed material, were hydrolyzed by a microscale procedure in water containing 2-propanol (70%) and sulfuric acid (1 M). The extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with 6-methyldiosgenin as internal standard. Diosgenin levels from mature seeds ranged from 0.28 to 0.92% (28-92 microg/10 mg). Analysis of variance on combined diosgenin levels from the three sites and two years revealed that accession, accession x year, and site x year effects were significant for diosgenin content, whereas site, year, and site x accession effects were not. Four accessions, CN 19062, CN 19067, CN 19070, and CN 19071, were identified with high levels of diosgenin on the basis of the 2-year data set. In these accessions, mean levels of diosgenin plus yamogenin from seven site years were estimated at 0.70, 0.98, 0.84, and 0.87%, respectively.  相似文献   

Assessment of genetic relationships between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhus</Emphasis> L. species using RAPD markers     

Surya Prakash  Johannes Van Staden 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):7-11

Genetic diversity of seven Rhus L. species was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers. Initially, 90 primers were screened, of which 25 produced reproducible amplification products. These primers generated a total of 296 bands, with an average of 11.8 bands per primer. Out of 296 bands scored, 236 (80%) were polymorphic and 62 (20%) were monomorphic. Primers OPC-05 and OPD-05 generated 100% polymorphic bands. The resolving power of primers ranged from 9.4 to 26.8. Similarity matrix values ranged from 0.45 to 0.63. The dendrogram generated using Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) grouped all the species of Rhus in one major group with two sister groups, whilst R. pyroides Burch. and R. dentata Thunb. were outliers. R. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels, R. glauca Thunb. and R. pentheri Zahlbr. constituted one sister group, while R. natalensis Bernh. ex C. Krauss and R. gueinzii Sond. were included in the other. The degree of genetic diversity observed between seven species of Rhus with RAPD markers suggest that this approach could be used for studying the phylogeny of the genus.  相似文献   

Plant species identification using Elliptic Fourier leaf shape analysis   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Joo Camargo Neto  George E. Meyer  David D. Jones  Ashok K. Samal 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2006,50(2):121-134

Elliptic Fourier (EF) and discriminant analyses were used to identify young soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill), sunflower (Helianthus pumilus), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) plants, based on leaf shape. Chain encoded, Elliptic Fourier harmonic functions were generated based on leaf boundary. A complexity index of the leaf shape was computed using the variation between consecutive EF functions. Principle component analysis was used to select the Fourier coefficients with the best discriminatory power. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to develop species identification models based on leaf shapes extracted from plant color images during the second and third weeks after germination. The classification results showed that plant species during the third week were successfully identified with an average of correct classification rate of 89.4%. The discriminant model correctly classified on average: 77.9% of redroot pigweed, 93.8% of sunflower, 89.4% of velvetleaf and 96.5% of soybean. Using all of the leaves extracted from the second and the third weeks, the overall classification accuracy was 89.2%. The discriminant model correctly classified 76.4% of redroot pigweed, 93.6% of sunflower, 81.6% of velvetleaf, 91.5% of soybean leaf extracted from trifoliolate and 90.9% of soybean unifoliolate leaves. The Elliptic Fourier shape feature analysis could be an important and accurate tool for weed species identification and mapping.  相似文献   

Differences in manganese efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and raya (Brassica juncea L.) as related to root‐shoot relations and manganese influx     

Upkar Singh Sadana  Debasmita Samal  Norbert Claassen 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(3):385-389

Manganese efficiency is a term used to describe the ability of plants to obtain higher relative yields at low Mn supply compared to other species. To evaluate Mn efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and raya (Brassica juncea L.), a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using Mn deficient Typic Ustochrept loamy sand soil, treated with 0, 50, and 100 mg Mn (kg soil)^–1. In the no‐Mn treatment, wheat had produced only 30 % of its maximum dry matter yield (DMY) with a shoot concentration of 10.8 mg Mn (kg DM)^–1 after 51 days of growth, while raya had produced 65 % of its maximum DMY with 13.0 mg Mn (kg DM)^–1. Taking relative shoot yield as a measure of Mn efficiency, raya was more efficient than wheat. Both crops produced the maximum DMY with 50 mg Mn (kg soil)^–1. Even though raya had a lower root length : DMY ratio and a higher shoot growth rate, it acquired higher Mn concentrations in the shoot than wheat under similar soil conditions, because of a 2.5 times higher Mn influx. Model calculations were used to calculate the difference of Mn solution concentration (ΔC_L) between the bulk soil (C_Li) and the root surface (C_L0) that is needed to drive the flux by diffusion equal to the measured influx. The results showed that ΔC_L was smaller than C_Li, which indicates that chemical mobilization of Mn was not needed to explain the observed Mn uptake even for raya. According to these calculations, the higher Mn influx of raya was caused by more efficient uptake kinetics, allowing for a 4.5 times higher Mn influx at the same Mn concentration at the root surface.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary Curcuma longa on enzymatic and immunological profiles of rohu,Labeo rohita (Ham.), infected with Aeromonas hydrophila     

Swagatika Sahu  Basanta Kumar Das  Bibhudendu Kumar Mishra  Jyotirmayee Pradhan  Surya Kanta Samal  Niranjan Sarangi 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(16):1720-1730

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary dosages of turmeric that enhance immune response and disease resistance against the opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of turmeric at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g kg^?1 feed were given to the fingerlings of L. rohita for 60 days at 4% body weight. At every 20‐day interval, different biochemical, haematological, enzymatic and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. After 60 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The mortality (%) was recorded on the tenth day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters including lysozyme activity, superoxide anion production and serum bactericidal activity were significantly (P<0.05) higher on 60 days of feeding of 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed. Challenge study indicated 100% and 89% survivability in the group of fish fed with 5.0 and 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed respectively. Feeding of turmeric might have maintained long‐term protection in fish by elevating the nonspecific immune system such as Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity. The result showed that turmeric at a dose of 1.0 g kg^?1 feed for 60 days provided the greatest protection to pathogen challenge.  相似文献   

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can induce apoptosis in MDBK cultured cells     

Cristina J  Yunus AS  Rockemann DD  Samal SK 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,83(4):317-320

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in calves. BRSV infection is associated with epithelial cell death and inflammation. Over the past few years, a growing number of viruses have been found to induce apoptosis. In order to determine the ability of BRSV to induce apoptosis, we studied the effect of BRSV infection in cultured MDBK cells. We used ligation-mediated PCR assay to detect specific blunt-end cellular DNA fragments produced by cellular endonucleases cleaving the genomic DNA between the nucleosomes during apoptosis. We found that BRSV infection resulted in apoptosis in MDBK cells. This data demonstrates for the first time that BRSV can induce apoptosis. This data also may contribute to delineate the mechanisms that regulate tissue injury and potential lung repair following BRSV infection.  相似文献   

不同增氧滴灌方式对蔬菜生长生理指标的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

臧明  雷宏军  BHATTARAI Surya  BALSYS Ron  徐建新 《排灌机械工程学报》2020,38(3):310-317

为了研究不同增氧方式对盆栽小白菜生长生理指标的影响,以小白菜为供试作物,采用盆栽地下滴灌的方式,以普通地下滴灌作为对照(CK),设置循环曝气(MAI)、双氧水(H₂O₂)、纯氧扩散器曝气(OC)及射流振荡器曝气(FO)4个增氧灌溉处理.结果表明,增氧地下滴灌显著提高了土壤呼吸速率,处理MAI,OC和FO较对照处理分别增大了65.87%,66.79%和111.62%.增氧地下滴灌促进了小白菜的根系生长、光合作用、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,进而提高了小白菜的物质量积累和产量.与对照相比,处理MAI的地下部鲜质量增大了42.03%,地下部干质量增大了79.85%;处理MAI,H₂O₂,OC和FO的光合速率分别增大了868.62%,794.14%,778.67%和650.19%;处理MAI,H₂O₂和OC的气孔导度较CK增大了157.14%,128.57%和85.71%,蒸腾速率增大了55.61%,32.38%和19.58%;处理MAI和H₂O₂的产量分别增大了56.36%和38.72%.综上,增氧地下滴灌可增强小白菜根区的土壤呼吸作用,改善光合作用、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,提高了产量及水分利用效率.其中,循环曝气处理的改善效果最为显著.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity Among Some Promising Indian Local Selections and Hybrids of Cashew Nut Based on Morphometric and Molecular Markers     

Ram C. Jena  Kailash C. Samal  Ajantaa Pal  Basant K. Das 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(1):69-93

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