Multi-scale impacts of urbanization on species distribution within the genus Tetramorium     

Cordonnier  Marion  Gibert  Corentin  Bellec  Arnaud  Kaufmann  Bernard  Escarguel  Gilles 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(8):1937-1948

Landscape Ecology - Urbanization is a global change which deeply impacts landscapes. Long studied through transects along urbanization gradients, ecological response to urbanization can now be...  相似文献   

Using landscape graphs to delineate ecologically functional areas     

Jean-Christophe Foltête  Gilles Vuidel 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(2):249-263

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The Blonde d’Aquitaine T3811>G3811 mutation in the myostatin gene: association with growth,carcass, and muscle phenotypes in veal calves     

Aurlie Vinet  Claire Bouyer  Lionel Forestier  Ahmad Oulmouden  Vronique Blanquet  Brigitte Picard  Isabelle Cassar-Malek  Muriel Bonnet  Dominique Rocha  Gilles Renand 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(2)

The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d’Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation was indeed the only known mutation segregating in this population. Fifty-six calves (43 F2, 13 back-cross) were intensively fattened and slaughtered at 24.0 ± 1.4 wk of age. The effects of the mutation were estimated by comparing the calves with the [T/T] (n = 18), [T/G] (n = 30), and [G/G] (n = 8) genotypes. Highly significant substitution effects (P < 0.001), above + 1.2 phenotypic SD, were shown on carcass yield and muscularity scores. Birth weight (P < 0.001) was positively affected by the mutation (+0.8 SD) but not growth rate (P = 0.97), while carcass length (P = 0.03), and fatness (P ≤ 0.03) were negatively affected (–0.5 to –0.7 SD). The characteristics of the Triceps brachii muscle were affected by the mutation (P < 0.001), with lower ICDH activity (oxidative) and a higher proportion of myosin type 2X muscle fibers (fast twitch). The effects of the TG3811 mutation were similar to those of other known myostatin mutations, although the Blonde d’Aquitaine animals, which are predominantly [G/G] homozygous, do not exhibit extreme double muscling.  相似文献   

Effect of feed restriction on dairy cow milk production: a review     

Antoine Leduc  Sylvain Souchet  Marine Gel  Fabienne Le Provost  Marion Boutinaud 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)

In the dairy cow, negative energy balance affects milk yield and composition as well as animal health. Studying the effects of negative energy balance on dairy cow milk production is thus essential. Feed restriction (FR) experiments attempting to reproduce negative energy balance by reducing the quantity or quality of the diet were conducted in order to better describe the animal physiology changes. The study of FR is also of interest since with climate change issues, cows may be increasingly faced with periods of drought leading to a shortage of forages. The aim of this article is to review the effects of FR during lactation in dairy cows to obtain a better understanding of metabolism changes and how it affects mammary gland activity and milk production and composition. A total of 41 papers studying FR in lactating cows were used to investigate physiological changes induced by these protocols. FR protocols affect the entire animal metabolism as indicated by changes in blood metabolites such as a decrease in glucose concentration and an increase in non-esterified fatty acid or β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations; hormonal regulations such as a decrease in insulin and insulin-like growth factor I or an increase in growth hormone concentrations. These variations indicated a mobilization of body reserve in most studies. FR also affects mammary gland activity through changes in gene expression and could affect mammary cell turnover through cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and exfoliation of mammary epithelial cells into milk. Because of modifications of the mammary gland and general metabolism, FR decreases milk production and can affect milk composition with decreased lactose and protein concentrations and increased fat concentration. These effects, however, can vary widely depending on the type of restriction, its duration and intensity, or the stage of lactation in which it takes place. Finally, to avoid yield loss and metabolic disorders, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers to monitor energy balance.  相似文献   

Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome          下载免费PDF全文

Dorothee Heidenreich  Gabriele Gradner  Sibylle Kneissl  Gilles Dupré 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(1):83-90

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Analysis of the uncertainty associated with the estimation of nitrogen losses from farming systems     

Sylvain Payraudeau  Hayo M.G. van der Werf  Françoise Vertès 《Agricultural Systems》2007

This work describes the analysis of the uncertainty linked to the annual direct and indirect losses of different nitrogenous compounds at the scale of a group of farms. The nitrogen (N) forms taken into account are: ammonia (NH₃), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N₂O), dinitrogen (N₂) and nitrate (NO₃). The gaseous N emissions for the different components of the farms are estimated with a selection of adapted emission factors. The NO₃ losses at the farm scale are calculated as the difference between the surplus of the farm-gate N balance and the gaseous N emissions.  相似文献   

Health status and risk factors associated with failure of passive transfer of immunity in newborn beef calves in Québec          下载免费PDF全文

Filteau V  Bouchard E  Fecteau G  Dutil L  DuTremblay D 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(11):907-913

Risk factors associated with failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) were evaluated among newborn beef calves in Québec. Physical examination was performed on calves born of a normal calving and blood samples were collected for determination of health status and measurement of serum concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1. Of 225 calves, from 45 herds, 19% showed FPT (serum IgG1 concentration < 10.0 g/L). Calves born in a stanchion-stall were more likely to show FPT (OR: 10.2). Calves bottle-fed colostrum were less at risk for FPT (OR: 0.06). Calf gender, month of birth, dam parity, and dam body condition score were not associated with FPT. No association was detected between FPT and health status. Special care should be given to calves born from cows in a stanchion-stall to ensure adequate colostrum intake. Failure of passive transfer of immunity should be considered with other risk factors when investigating morbidity.  相似文献   

Thoracoscopic treatment of bullous emphysema in 3 dogs     

Brissot HN  Dupre GP  Bouvy BM  Paquet L 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(6):524-529

OBJECTIVE: To report thorascopic partial lobectomy for treatment of bullous emphysema in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Three dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax. METHODS: Thoracoscopy without pulmonary exclusion was used to identify bulla. The thorascope was introduced into the thorax lateral to the xyphoid process, and instrument portals were made at different levels along the thoracic wall between the third and tenth intercostal spaces. The thorascope was passed through the mediastinum to view the opposite pleural cavity. After identification of bullae, the affected lung was excised using an endoscopic stapler, and the incision line was checked for air leakage. Thoracic drains were used for air aspiration for 2 days after surgery. RESULTS: Bullae were confirmed histologically as emphysematous lesions. Lung inflation did not interfere with identification of bullae or with surgery. All dogs had full recovery without recurrence for 18 to 29 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Identification and ablation of bulla can be performed thoracoscopically without pulmonary exclusion in dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thoracoscopy offers several advantages compared with thoracotomy for treatment and diagnosis of idiopathic pneumothorax, including ease of identification of bullae and reduced postoperative pain and morbidity.  相似文献   

Mechanical ventilation of a cloned calf in respiratory failure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sébastien Buczinski  Dr. Vet  DACVIM    Søren R. Boysen  DVM  DACVECC    Gilles Fecteau  DMV  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2007,17(2):179-183

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收获沙棘振动器试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Roger Chagnon  Jér 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2009,7(4):32-38

该项研究的核心是研制振动器,通过振动果枝的方式来收获沙棘果实。2003到2004年间,基于我们的试验研究结果显示,沙棘品种＂印度夏季＂通过用频率为40Hz,振幅为15mm,10s为一振动周期的果枝振动器可有效获得果实。利用这个参数的振动可以有效获得90%的果实,且对果枝的损害很小,从果枝上下来的叶片、芽及木枝的碎片也很少。在2003年进行了最原始的研究,2004年测试发现这种方法存在一定缺陷。发电机利用机轴进行来回的旋转运动,利用这个原理进行各种振幅试验,但这对果树各部分会产生大量的压力。用1.5kW的电机可以在车间及没有农业机械的土地上进行试验,但这个过程需要人工看护。最原始的方法效率不高且过程复杂。2005年进行了设备的改进,通过凸轮产生的振动来驱动液压马达。尽管这种方法使用时间还很短,但是它的振动功能还是非常显著的。如果选在最佳采摘季节收获果实,收获的果实品质最佳,同时对果树的伤害也是最小的。如果在每个季节采摘500株或是更少果树的果实,这种振动收获果实的方法是一种最佳选择。  相似文献