排序方式： 共有39条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yasunori SHINOZUKA Naoki SUZUKI Sohei KANEKO Kazuhiro KAWAI Tomomi KURUMISAWA Yuko SHIMIZU Tadashi IMANISHI Ayumu OHNO Mano TAKAHASHI Naoki ISOBE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):310
The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of antimicrobial components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and S100A7) in normal milk and their relation to host factors (Age, somatic cell count (SCC), days in milk, richness, and alpha diversity of the milk microbiota) in dairy cows using multivariate regression tree analyses, and to clarify how the milk microbiota is related to the obtained results. Thirty normal milk samples were collected from a commercial dairy farm in June 2020. The thresholds that predicted the concentration of each antimicrobial component in milk were obtained by regression tree analysis, and the beta-diversity of the milk microbiota composition between groups divided according to each threshold was compared by an analysis of similarities test. The IgA and LF concentrations were mainly predicted by the SCC (177,500 and 70,000 cells/ml, respectively), and the LAP and S100A7 concentrations were predicted by Age (29.667 and 40.3 months, respectively). No relationship was observed between the concentration of IgA, LAP, or S100A7 and the milk microbiota composition between the groups divided by the threshold for prediction, but the milk microbiota composition was significantly different between the groups divided by the threshold for predicting the LF concentration. Our results indicated that the LF concentration in normal milk may be associated with the milk microbiota composition. 相似文献
2.
Natsuki KASUYA Itsuko WADA Mimune SHIMADA Hiroshi KAWAI Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(3):275-280
The cell wall constituents of feces from three faunated and three defaunated (without ruminal ciliate protozoa) cattle fed on a Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (8:5) were analyzed. There was little difference in digestibility of dry matter between the faunated and defaunated cattle. Analysis of the fecal sugar residues revealed that the digestibilities of arabinose and galactose, derived from pectic and hemicellulosic substances located within the compound middle lamella, were higher in the defaunated cattle than the faunated cattle (P < 0.05), whereas the digestibilities of glucose and xylose, derived mainly from cellulose and xylan, were unchanged by the removal of protozoa. The digestibility of lignin was not different between the faunated and defaunated cattle, but those of mannose and p‐coumaric acid were lower in the defaunated than in the faunated animals (P < 0.05). The ratio of primary cell wall to secondary cell wall in fecal plant materials was lower for the defaunated than for the faunated cattle. The results in this study suggested that the defaunation enhanced the microbial degradation of the thin cell walls, but depressed the degradation of developed cell walls. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
ABSTRACT: The appropriate water velocity in artificial burrows for theJapanese crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus was studied.An experimental system of two artificial burrows (burrows A and B)of the same size was set in a large tank. The velocity of burrowA was 0 cm/s and that of burrow B was varied andset at 0 cm/s, 5 cm/s, 10 cm/s,20 cm/s and 30 cm/s. The selectionof these two burrows by C. japonicus was observed. No animalsselected burrow B significantly more than burrow A above 10 cm/s.At 20 cm/s, some crayfishes were swept away andcould not return to burrows because of the high water velocity.At 30 cm/s, most animals were swept away. We concludethat the appropriate water velocity for the suitability of artificialburrows and the immediate foraging area adjacent to the burrowsshould be as low as 5 cm/s. 相似文献
6.
Antoine LADOUCEUR Fumihito AKIHA Shigenao KAWAI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(4):560-565
Hydroponically grown barley plants ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi) under iron-deficient (–Fe) and high phosphorus (P) conditions (500 µmol L−1 ) showed Fe chlorosis and lower growth compared with plants grown in –Fe and low P conditions (50, 5 and 0.5 µmol L−1 ). To understand the physiological role of P in regulating the growth of plants in –Fe medium, we carried out an Fe feeding experiment using four P levels (500, 50, 5 and 0.5 µmol L−1 ) and phytosiderophores (PS), mugineic acid. Our results suggest that plants grown in a high P medium had higher absorption activity of 59 Fe compared with plants grown in low P media, irrespective of the presence or absence of added PS. Translocation of 59 Fe from roots to shoots was not affected by the P level. The relative translocation rate of 59 Fe increased with decreasing levels of P in the medium. In general, the addition of PS enhanced the absorption of 59 Fe and its translocation. Taken together these results suggest that the lower relative translocation rate of Fe in high P plants may be induced by the physiological inactivation of Fe in the roots, and the higher absorption activity of Fe in high P conditions possibly results from the response of barley plants to Fe deficiency. 相似文献
7.
Yoshio MINAMI Seiko YAMANO Minako KAWAI Atsushi HIRAGA Hirofumi MIYATA 《Journal of Equine Science》2009,20(3):33-40
To find a new parameter indicating muscle fitness in Thoroughbred horses, we examined
time-dependent recovery of glycogen content and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Ca2+-ATPase activity of skeletal muscle after intensive treadmill running.
Two repeated 50-sec running sessions (13 m/sec) were performed on a flat treadmill
(approximately 90%VO2max). Muscle samples of the middle gluteal muscle were
taken before exercise (pre) and 1 min, 20 min, 60 min, and 24 hr after exercise. Muscle
fiber type composition was determined in the pre muscle samples by immunohistochemical
staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain. SR Ca2+-ATPase
activity of the muscle and glycogen content of each muscle fiber type were determined with
biochemical analysis and quantitative histochemical staining, respectively. As compared to
the pre value, the glycogen content of each muscle fiber type was reduced by 15–27% at 1
min, 20 min, and 60 min after the exercise and recovered to the pre value at 24 hr after
exercise test. These results indicate that 24 hr is enough time to recover glycogen
content after short-term intensive exercise. The mean value of the SR
Ca2+-ATPase activity showed a slight decrease (not significant) immediately
after exercise, and complete recovery at 60 min after exercise. There were no significant
relationship between the changes in glycogen content of each muscle fiber type and SR
Ca2+-ATPase. Although further studies are needed, SR Ca2+-ATPase
is not a useful parameter to detect muscle fitness, at least in Thoroughbred horses. 相似文献
8.
Takeshi SHIMOSATO Masanori TOHNO Takashi SATO Junko NISHIMURA Yasushi KAWAI Tadao SAITO Haruki KITAZAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):597-604
Immunostimulatory sequences of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), such as CpG ODNs, are potent stimulators of innate immunity. Here, we identified a strong immunostimulatory CpG ODN, which we named MsST, from the lac Z gene of Streptococcus (S.) thermophilus ATCC19258, and we evaluated its immune functions. In in vitro studies, MsST had a similar ability as the murine prototype CpG ODN 1555 to induce inflammatory cytokine production and cell proliferation. In mouse splenocytes, MsST increased the number of CD80+CD11c+and CD86+CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. We also analyzed the effects of MsST on the expression of regulatory cytokines by real-time quantitative PCR. MsST was more potent at inducing interleukin-10 expression than the ODN control 1612, indicating that MsST can augment the regulatory T cell response via Toll-like receptor 9, which plays an important role in suppressing T helper type 2 responses. These results suggest that S. thermophilus , whose genes include a strong Immunostimulatory sequence-ODN, is a good candidate for a starter culture to develop new physiologically functional foods and feeds. 相似文献
9.
Seiko YAMANO Minako KAWAI Yoshio MINAMI Atsushi HIRAGA Hirofumi MIYATA 《Journal of Equine Science》2010,21(4):59-65
We evaluated differences in muscle fiber recruitment patterns between continuous and
interval training to develop an optimal training program for Thoroughbred horses. Five
well trained female thoroughbred horses (3–4 years old) were used. The horses performed
two different exercises on a 10% inclined treadmill: 90%VO2 max for 4 min
(continuous) and 90% VO2 max for 2 min × 2 times with 10-min interval
(interval). Muscle samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and
immediately after the exercises. Four muscle fiber types (type I, IIA, IIA/X, and IIX)
were immunohistochemically identified, and the optical density of periodic acid Schiff
staining (OD-PAS) in each fiber type and glycogen content of the muscle sample were
determined by quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures, respectively. No
significant differences were found in the OD-PASs and glycogen contents between the
continuous and interval exercises, but the decreases in OD-PAS of fast-twitch muscle
fibers were obvious after interval as compared to continuous exercise. Interval exercise
may be a more effective training stimulus for the glycolytic capacity of fast-twitch
muscle fiber. The data about muscle fiber recruitment can provide significant insights
into the optimal training program not only for thoroughbred horses, but also for human
athletes. 相似文献
10.
Masahito KAWAI Hanako HISANO Yumiko YABU Naoki YABU Sakae MATSUOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):435-440
The intake, digestibility, and grazing behavior of Hokkaido native horses were investigated in winter woodland with underlying Sasa senanensis. Twenty Hokkaido native horses were grazed in a woodland (8.52 ha) for 14 days in December (snowy; 20 cm of snow fall) and in November (non‐snowy) of the next year. Three mares (360 kg of average bodyweight) were used in each experiment. The fecal collection, used to investigate the intake and digestibility by the double‐indicator method, and behavioral observations were carried out for 24 h on the 6th day in each experiment. During the snowy and non‐snowy periods, the dry matter intakes of sasa foliage were 7.3 and 9.6 kg/d, respectively, which is 2.1 and 2.7% when expressed as a percentage of bodyweight. The apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy released during the snowy and non‐snowy periods were similar. The proportions of digestible energy intakes to maintenance requirement in the mares were 119 and 164% during the snowy and non‐snowy periods, respectively. Their bodyweight remained constant during the non‐snowy period; however, a slight loss in their bodyweight was observed during the snowy period. The duration of grazing on sasa foliage was 416 and 544 min/d during the snowy and non‐snowy periods, respectively, the daily grazing area of the mares during these periods was 2.0 and 5.1 ha, respectively. In other words, the area during the snowy period was smaller than that during the non‐snowy period (P < 0.05). Fallen snow, even with a depth of approximately 20 cm, inhibited the grazing behavior and intake of sasa foliage by Hokkaido native horses grazing in winter woodland pasture. 相似文献