Genetic analysis for sow stayability at different parities in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs     

Shinichiro Ogawa  Makoto Kimata  Kazuo Ishii  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13599

Genetic parameters for sow stayability were estimated from farrowing records of 10,295 Landrace sows and 8192 Large White sows. The record for sow stayability from parity k to parity k + 1 (k = 1, …, 6) was 0 when a sow had a farrowing record at parity k but not at parity k + 1, and 1 when a sow had both records. Heritability was estimated by using single-trait linear and threshold animal models. Genetic correlations among parities were estimated by using two-trait linear–linear and single-trait random regression linear animal models. Genetic correlations with litter traits at birth were estimated by using a two-trait linear–linear animal model. Heritability estimates by linear model analysis were low (0.065–0.119 in Landrace & 0.061–0.157 in Large White); those by threshold model analysis were higher (0.136–0.200 & 0.110–0.283). Genetic correlations among parities differed between breeds and models. Genetic correlation between sow stayability and number born alive was positive in many cases, implying that selection for number born alive does not reduce sow stayability. The results seem to be affected by decisions on culling made by farmers.  相似文献   

Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from diseased dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K Ozaki  A Inoue  H Atobe  E Takahashi  S Konishi 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(2):233-239

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from diseased dogs in Tokyo area during 1983 through 1986 were serotyped and assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility to obtain an epizootiological aspect of canine P. aeruginosa infection. Major sources of specimens were ear and nasal discharges and urine. The results of O-antigen typing using a monoclonal antibody kit showed that the most predominant serotype was type M. Types G and B were also major serotypes. In a yearly distribution of serotypes, type I was almost limited in 1986, and was isolated mainly from surgical wounds, which showed an episode of nosocomial infection, whereas that of type M or B was dispersed during 4 years from 1983 to 1986. As a result of antimicrobial susceptibility test, most canine strains were considered to be susceptible to 4 drugs, which were commonly used in both human and veterinary clinics, in contrast to human isolates.  相似文献   

The effect of strain, growth stage, and cultivating condition of Ganoderma lucidum on 5α-reductase inhibition     

Jie Liu  Rumi Fujita  Michiko Sato  Kuniyoshi Shimizu  Fumiko Konishi  Kiyoshi Noda  Shoichiro Kumamoto  Chie Ueda  Hisatoshi Tajiri  Shuhei Kaneko  Yoshitaro Suimi  Ryuichiro Kondo 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(2):189-192

The inhibitory effects of 102 methanol extracts of 40 mycelia, 9 culture fluids, and 53 fruiting bodies of 40 strains of Ganoderma lucidum on 5-reductase were investigated. The methanol extract of the fruiting body of each strain was found to show the strongest 5-reductase inhibitory activity among the extracts tested.  相似文献   

Toxicokinetics and absolute oral bioavailability of melamine in broiler chickens          下载免费PDF全文

S. Poapolathep  N. Klangkaew  P. Arreesrisom  S. Isariyodom  Y. Sugita‐Konishi  S. Kumagai  A. Poapolathep 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(1):101-104

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicokinetic characteristics of melamine in broilers due to the limited information available for livestock. Melamine was then administered to broiler chickens at an intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) dosage of 5.5 mg/kg of body weight, and plasma samples were collected up to 48 h. The concentration of melamine in each plasma sample was analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Melamine was measurable up to 24 h after i.v. and p.o. administration. A one‐compartment model was developed to describe the toxicokinetics of melamine in broilers. Following i.v. administration, the values for the elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), the volume of distribution (V_d), and the clearance (CL) were 4.42 ± 1.02 h, 00.52 ± 0.18 L/kg, and 0.08 ± 0.01 L/h/kg, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailability (F) was 95.63 ± 3.54%. The results suggest that most of the administered melamine is favorably absorbed from the alimentary tract and rapidly cleared by the kidneys in broiler chickens.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the southern part of the East China Sea     

Chiyuki Sassa  Yoshinobu Konishi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):612-619

ABSTRACT:   The vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae was described based on discrete depth sampling using a MTD net system from the surface down to 100 m depth at 13 stations in the southern East China Sea between 27 February and 10 March 2002. Of the 20 782 fish larvae collected, T. japonicus larvae were most abundant, accounting for 37.0% of the total catch. The average abundance of the larvae was 419.0 individuals/10 m², with the average (± standard deviation [SD]) body length of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm (range 1.8–7.5 mm). The larvae were concentrated in the mixed layer, with peak densities in the 10–30 m layer. The average (±SD) weighted mean depth was 21.5 ± 7.8 m. There was no evidence of either diel or ontogenetic vertical migration for the early larvae of <5 mm. More than 90% of the T. japonicus larvae were collected in the water temperature ranging from 21 to 23°C. Vertical profiles of the larval densities and chlorophyll a coincided with each other, which might reflect the abundance of their main prey organisms, copepod nauplii and copepodites, since copepod production is known to be closely related with the chlorophyll a concentration.  相似文献   

Anti-inflammatory and Intestinal Barrier–protective Activities of Commensal Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in Thoroughbreds: Role of Probiotics in Diarrhea Prevention in Neonatal Thoroughbreds     

Soichi TANABE  Takuya SUZUKI  Yuichiro WASANO  Fumihiko NAKAJIMA  Hiroshi KAWASAKI  Tomonori TSUDA  Natsuko NAGAMINE  Takashi TSURUMACHI  Kiyoshi SUGAYA  Hiroaki AKITA  Misako TAKAGI  Kuniaki TAKAGI  Yoshinobu INOUE  Yo ASAI  Hidetoshi MORITA 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(2):37-43

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EMG telemetry studies on upstream migration of chum salmon in the Toyohira river,Hokkaido, Japan     

Makiguchi Y  Konno Y  Konishi K  Miyoshi K  Sakashita T  Nii H  Nakao K  Ueda H 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(2):273-284

The movements of 28 adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) tagged with electromyogram (EMG) transmitters were tracked along the Toyohira river, Hokkaido, Japan, in October of 2007 and 2008 to investigate and evaluate the upstream migratory behavior through the protection bed and fishway of ground sills. The approach time of fish that ascended successfully through the protection bed and fishway was shorter than that of unsuccessful fish. The unsuccessful fish were observed to swim in currents with high water velocity and shallow water depth at swimming speeds that exceeded their critical swimming speed (U _crit) during the approach to these structures. In consequence, unsuccessful fish frequently alternated between burst and maximum sustained speeds without ever ascending the fishway, and eventually became exhausted. It is important that fishway are constructed to enable chum salmon to find a passage way easily, so that they can migrate upstream rapidly without wasting excessive energy.  相似文献   

Species relationships in the subgenus Ceratotropis (genus Vigna) as revealed by RAPD analysis   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Akito Kaga  Norihiko Tomooka  Yoshinobu Egawa  Kazuyoshi Hosaka  Osamu Kamijima 《Euphytica》1996,88(1):17-24

Summary The genetic variation among 23 accessions of 5 species in the subgenus Ceratotropis, genus Vigna, were investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A total of 404 fragments amplified with 24 primers were scored and analyzed by cluster analysis. The accessions used were separated into two main groups with an average of 70% differences. Within the main groups, five subgroups were recognized, which are in complete agreement with taxonomic species. Wild forms were always grouped with their most closely related cultivated forms and they showed variation in each species. The largest intraspecific variation was found in V. radiata (mungbean), in which wild forms (V. radiata var. sublobata) were highly different from each other and from cultivated forms. V. angularis (adzuki bean) showed the least variation and thus, was probably differentiated in relatively recent times.  相似文献   

Aging of whiskey increases the potentiation of GABA(A) receptor response     

Koda H  Hossain SJ  Kiso Y  Aoshima H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(18):5238-5244

It is known that the target of most mood-defining compounds such as ethanol is an ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A) receptor). The potentiation of the response of these inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors induces anxiolytic, sedative, and anesthetic activities in the human brain. Because both extracts of whiskey by pentane and fragrant components in whiskey potentiate the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response, GABA(A) receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocyte by injecting cRNAs prepared from the cloned cDNA for the alpha(1) and beta(1) subunits of the bovine receptors in order to study the effects of whiskey itself on the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response. Whiskey itself also potentiated the electrical responses of GABA(A) receptors generally more than ethanol at the same concentration as that of the whiskey. The potentiation of the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response increased with the aging period of the whiskey. Inhalation of whiskey to mice increased the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital more than that of the same concentration of ethanol as the whiskey. These results suggest that not only ethanol but also minor components in whiskey play an important role in the potentiation of GABA(A) receptor-mediated response and possibly the sedative effect of whiskey. Although the minor components are present in extremely small quantities compared with ethanol in alcoholic beverages, they may modulate the mood or consciousness of humans through the potentiation of the GABA(A) receptor response after absorption into the brain, because these hydrophobic compounds are easily absorbed into the brain across the blood-brain barrier and are several thousands times as potent as ethanol in the potentiation of the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response.  相似文献   

Effects of coffee components on the response of GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes     

Hossain SJ  Aoshima H  Koda H  Kiso Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7568-7575

The effects of both coffee components and coffee extract on the electrical responses of GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes were studied by injecting cRNAs of the alpha(1) and beta(1) subunits of the bovine receptors. The aqueous extract of coffee dose-dependently inhibited the GABA-elicited responses, whereas the lipophilic extract of coffee by diethyl ether slightly potentiated it at low doses (0.1-0.4 microL/mL) but showed inhibition at high doses (0.5-0.8 microL/mL). Theophylline inhibited the response in a noncompetitive mechanism (K(i) = 0.55 mM), whereas theobromine and trigonelline hydrochloride inhibited it in a competitive manner, K(i) = 3.8 and 13 mM, respectively. Benzothiazole, catechol, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, guaiacol, 1-octen-3-ol, sotolone, and 2,3,5-trimethylphenol potentiated the responses significantly. Potentiation elicited by guaiacol and sotolone was independent of GABA concentrations, whereas that by 1-octen-3-ol was dependent. When 1-octen-3-ol (100 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice prior to intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbital, the sleeping time of mice induced by pentobarbital increased significantly.  相似文献