Farmer perceptions on factors influencing water scarcity for goats in resource-limited communal farming environments     

Mdletshe  Zwelethu Mfanafuthi  Ndlela  Sithembile Zenith  Nsahlai  Ignatius Verla  Chimonyo  Michael 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(7):1617-1623

The objective of the study was to compare factors influencing water scarcity for goats in areas where there are seasonal and perennial rivers under resource-limited communal farming environments. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire (n?=?285) administered randomly to smallholder goat farmers from areas with seasonal and perennial rivers. Ceremonies was ranked as the major reason for keeping goats. Water scarcity was ranked the major constraint to goat production in areas with seasonal rivers when compared to areas with perennial rivers (P?<?0.05). Dams and rivers were ranked as the major water source for goat drinking in areas with seasonal and perennial river systems during cool dry and rainy seasons. Rivers were ranked as an important water source for goat drinking where there are seasonal and perennial river systems during the cool dry season. Households located close (≤?3 km) to the nearest water source reported drinking water for goats a scarce resource. These results show that river systems, season and distance to the nearest water source from a household were factors perceived by farmers to influence water scarcity for goats in resource-limited communal farming environments. Farmers should explore water-saving strategies such as recycling wastewater from kitchens and bathrooms as an alternative water source. The government may assist farmers through sinking boreholes to supply water for both humans and livestock.

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Vermicomposting of coffee pulp using the earthworm Eisenia fetida: Effects on C and N contents and the availability of nutrients   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. H. Orozco  J. Cegarra  L. M. Trujillo  A. Roig 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,22(1-2):162-166

In Colombia, more than 1 million tons of coffee pulp are produced every year. Its transformation into compost by means of turned piles has led to a final product with poor physical and chemical characteristics and vermicomposting has been suggested as an alternative method of transforming these wastes into a useful organic fertilizer. The ability of the earthworm Eisenia fetida to transform coffee pulp into a valuable compost was evaluated. The influence of bed depth and time on different C fractions, N content and availability of nutrients was studied. The results showed that the C and N contents were not affected by the depth of the bed, whereas time affected both. An increase in the fractionation ratio, determined by calculating the C in the fraction smaller than 100 m as a percentage of C in the samples as a whole, and low values of humic-like substances were recorded during vermicomposting. After ingestion of the pulp by the earthworms, an increase in available P, Ca, and Mg but a decrease in K were detected.  相似文献   

Lipids and fatty acids in wild and pond-reared mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) during ovarian maturation and spawning     

Veronica R Alava  Emilia T Quinitio  Jennete B de Pedro  Flora Mae P Priolo  Zenith Gaye A Orozco  & Mathieu Wille 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1468-1477

Wild‐caught and pond‐reared female mud crab Scylla serrata at different stages of ovarian maturation were collected from Samar and Capiz, Philippines. Crabs were categorized into five stages according to the external morphological and microscopic appearance of the most advanced oocytes. The ovaries, hepatopancreas, muscle and newly spawned eggs (NSE) were analysed for lipid class components and fatty acids. Total lipid was higher in pond‐reared than in wild‐caught crabs but increased with ovarian maturation in both groups. Ovarian lipid peaked at the fully mature stage, coinciding with a decline in hepatopancreatic and muscle lipids. Lipid levels declined significantly in spent females. The tissues contained elevated highly unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic (20:4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n‐3) acids, but at higher levels in late maturing and fully mature ovaries and in NSE. The type of lipid class and fatty acid components in mature ovaries as well as in NSE are generally considered to be indicative of their importance in reproductive physiology and embryonic and larval development.  相似文献   

Off-axis tensile properties of multistitched plain woven E-glass/polyester composites     

Kadir Bilisik  Gaye Yolacan 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(3):589-598

The aim of this study was to understand the ±45 ° directional off-axis tensile properties of the developed two dimensional (2D) multistitched multilayer E-glass/polyester woven composites. It was found that the off-axis tensile strength of the unstitched structure was slightly higher than those of the multistitched structures. The reason was that the multistitching process caused the filament breakages. It was also found that when the stitching direction and stitching density in structures increased, their off-axis tensile modulus decreased. Therefore, stitching directions, stitching density and stitching yarn on the composite structures were considered as important parameters. All structures under the off-axis tensile load had normal deformation, or angular deformation or shrinkage in width. In addition, both the normal deformation and the shrinkages in width occurred in most of the two and four directional stitched structures. On the other hand, four directional Kevlar^® 129 yarn dense stitched E-glass/polyester structure showed only shrinkage in width after angular deformation. This could be considered as a new failure mode because of the multistitching. These results indicated that the stitching directions and density generally influenced the off-axis tensile properties of the multistitched E-glass/polyester woven composites.  相似文献   

Susceptibility of West African Dwarf goats and WAD x Saanen crosses to experimental infection with Trypanosoma congolense     

Dhollander S  Bos J  Kora S  Sanneh M  Gaye M  Leak S  Berkvens D  Geerts S 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,130(1-2):1-8

West African Dwarf goats (WADs) and their Saanen crosses were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense. No significant differences were found between trypanosome parasitaemia and antibody response of the crossbred and WAD goats. Neither the WAD goats nor the Saanen crosses were able to control the drop in PCV following trypanosome infection. The level of anaemia caused by the trypanosome infection was similar in the two breeds during the trial. Based on these findings, no difference in tolerance or susceptibility to T. congolense could be demonstrated between the WAD goats and their Saanen crosses. Although the weight of all goats increased during the trial, the crosses gained significantly more weight than the WAD goats. The trypanosome infection reduced the growth rate of both breeds, but this reduction was not statistically significant. Crossbreeding trypanotolerant WADs with trypanosusceptible Saanen goats might, therefore, be an effective means of increasing productivity.  相似文献   

Contrasted optimal environmental windows for both sardinella species in Senegalese waters          下载免费PDF全文

Ousmane Diankha  Aliou Ba  Patrice Brehmer  Timothée Brochier  Bamol Ali Sow  Modou Thiaw  Amadou Thierno Gaye  Fambaye Ngom  Hervé Demarcq 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(4):351-365

We investigate Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis recruitment success relative to the variability of oceanographic conditions in Senegalese waters using generalized additive models (GAM). Results show that recruitment of both species is marked by a strong intra‐annual (seasonal) variation with minimum and maximum in winter and summer, respectively. Their interannual variations are synchronous until 2006 (recruitment decreasing), while from 2007 there is no synchrony. The model developed shows that sardinella recruitment variability is closely related to the tested environmental variables in the study area. However, the key environmental variables influencing the recruitment success are different for both species: the Coastal Upwelling Index and the sea surface temperature for S. aurita and S. maderensis, respectively. We report that recruitment success of S. aurita and S. maderensis are associated with distinct ranges of sea surface temperature, upwelling intensity, wind‐induced turbulence, concentration of chlorophyll‐a and north Atlantic oscillation index. Considering food security and socio‐economic importance of both stocks, we recommend that consideration is given to the environmental variability in the small pelagic fish national management plans, particularly in the context of climate change.  相似文献   

Direct genetic, maternal genetic, and heterozygosity effects on weaning weight in a Colombian multibreed beef cattle population     

Vergara OD  Ceron-Muñoz MF  Arboleda EM  Orozco Y  Ossa GA 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(2):516-521

The (co)variance components of BW at weaning (WW) were estimated for a Colombian multibreed beef cattle population. A single-trait animal model was used. The model included the fixed effect of contemporary group (sex, season, and year), and covariates including age of calf at weaning, age of cow, individual and maternal heterozygosity proportions, and breed percentage. Direct genetic, maternal genetic, permanent environmental, and residual effects were included as random effects. Direct, maternal, and total heritabilities were 0.23 +/- 0.047, 0.15 +/- 0.041, and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects was -0.42 +/- 0.131, indicating that there may be antagonism among genes for growth and genes for maternal ability, which in turn suggests that improving WW by direct and maternal EPD may be difficult. A greater value for the direct heterosis effect compared with the maternal heterosis effect was found. Furthermore, the greater the proportion of Angus, Romosinuano, and Blanco Orejinegro breeds, the less the WW.  相似文献   

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of EFF1001, an Actinidia arguta (hardy kiwi) preparation, on CADESI score and pruritus in dogs with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis     

Rosanna Marsella  Linda Messinger  Sonja Zabel  Rod Rosychuck  Craig Griffin  Patti Orozco Cronin  Gil Belofsky  Julie Lindemann  Dean Stull 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(1):50-57

Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is common and new therapies are beneficial. This multicentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study tested the efficacy of Actinidia arguta (hardy kiwi) (EFF1001) in dogs with mild/moderate AD. The study was divided into two stages. Stage 1 lasted 6 weeks. In the first 2 weeks prednisolone [days 1–3: 0.2 mg/kg twice daily (BID), days 4–14: 0.2 mg/kg every other day (EOD)] was administered. Responsive dogs were placed on prednisolone 0.2 mg/kg EOD + assigned test article [either placebo or EFF1001 (30 mg/kg)] once daily for 4 weeks. Stage 1 responders were advanced to stage 2, which involved 4 weeks of just EFF1001. Clinicians scored lesions using Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI) and owners scored pruritus using a Pruritus Visual Analogue Scale. Seventy-seven dogs were enrolled, 76 were randomized on day 14, and 57 (57/76 = 75%) completed stage 1 (27 in EFF1001 and 30 in placebo). At the end of stage 1, 35 of 57 dogs (35/57 = 61%) responded (18 in EFF1001 and 17 in placebo) and advanced to stage 2. At completion of stage 1, CADESI scores did not significantly differ between groups while pruritus decreased in EFF1001 group and approached significance. At completion of stage 2, 19 dogs (19/35 = 54%) responded (15/19 = 79% had received EFF1001 and 4/19 = 21% placebo in stage 1). After completing stage 2, dogs placed on EFF1001 throughout the study were 3.5 times more likely to either maintain or improve scores than those that started it in stage 2. It is concluded that EFF1001 is beneficial adjunctive therapy after prolonged use.  相似文献   

Effects of alkali pre-treatment on dye exhaustion, color values, color fastness, tensile and surface properties of lyocell yarns     

Gaye Yolacan 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(5):625-635

The effects of alkali (aqueous NaOH and KOH solutions) pre-treatment on dye exhaustion, color values, color fastness, tensile and surface properties of lyocell yarns were investigated. Dye exhaustion and color yield of lyocell yarns increased by increasing alkali concentrations. The lyocell yarns showed weight loss due to the decrease in carboxyl groups during alkali pre-treatment. The tensile strengths of lyocell yarns decreased with the increase of alkali concentrations because of the decrement of yarn diameter by weight loss the open twist spirals, and the increased volume of lyocell yarns after alkali pre-treatment. The washing and perspiration fastness results of untreated lyocell yarns were better than alkali pre-treated lyocell yarns, while the light fastness results of untreated and alkali pre-treated samples were similar.  相似文献   

Sulfur and adenine metabolisms are linked, and both modulate sulfite resistance in wine yeast     

Aranda A  Jiménez-Martí E  Orozco H  Matallana E  Del Olmo M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):5839-5846

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