外源钙缓解花生亚低磷光合障碍的机制     

孙志宇  刘欣悦  张思威  马明珠  白蕊  刘欢  易伯涛  韩晓日  刘轶飞 《植物营养与肥料学报》2022,28(6):1055-1066

  【Objectives】  The phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the main factors limiting photosynthetic carbon fixation and high-quality yield in peanut production. Calcium can enhance peanut growth and yield in low to medium yielding farmlands. Therefore, we explored the effects of exogenous calcium on alleviating P deficiency-induced photosynthetic inhibition in peanuts.  【Methods】  Peanut cultivar ‘Liaoning Baisha’ was used in a pot experiment conducted in an artificial climate chamber. The P deficiency treatment was imposed by adjusting the P concentration in Hoagland nutrition solution to 0.5 mmol/L (–P) from the normal level of 1 P mmol/L. The treatments were normal P + spraying ddH₂O (CK), –P + spraying ddH₂O, –P + spraying CaCl₂, and –P + spraying trifluoperazine (TFP, a calmodulin inhibitor). We measured the photosynthetic functions, plant growth and thylakoid membrane integrity at 9 and 10 days after treatment imposition in peanuts.   【Results】  Compared with CK, P deficiency reduced the dry matter weight, total leaf area, relative chlorophyll concentration and limited the growth and development of peanuts. The P deficiency reduced the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of peanut leaves. It also reduced the efficiency of PSⅠ and PSⅡ of peanuts by 18% and 5.4%, respectively. Compared with –P treatment, exogenous Ca2+ enhanced the dry matter weight and total leaf area of peanuts under P deficiency by 26.7% and 31.9%, respectively. Exogenous Ca2+ alleviated P deficiency inhibition based on photosynthetic level and enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and the stomatal conductance of peanut leaves under P deficiency. Compared with –P treatment, exogenous Ca2+ enhanced the efficiency of PSⅠ and PSⅡ, alleviating the photoinhibition in peanut leaves under P deficiency. Exogenous Ca2+ enhanced the size of the PQ pool, the rate of cyclic electron flow, and the activity of ATP synthase. However, it reduced the ?pH of thylakoid in peanut leaves under P deficiency. TFP increased the thylakoid membrane damage, reduced cyclic electron flow rate, and ATP synthase activity in P deficiency stressed peanuts compared with –P treatment.  【Conclusions】  P deficiency limited the growth and development of peanuts, reduced the activity of ATP synthase of thylakoid, Y(Ⅰ), Y(Ⅱ), and caused peanut photoinhibition. Exogenous Ca2+ alleviated inhibition of the dry matter weight, total leaf area, and relative chlorophyll concentration of peanuts. Exogenous Ca2+ ralleviated the Y(Ⅰ) and Y(Ⅱ) inhibition. The peanut CaM (Ca2+-modulin) acceptor for exogenous calcium (Ca2+) played an important role in the nutritional signalling of Ca2+, alleviating photosynthetic inhibition under P deficiency.  相似文献   

α-氯代醇和溴敌隆对黑唇鼠兔的毒力测定和睾丸病理观察     

吴宥析  刘少英  钟妮娜  赵杰  孙志宇 《四川林业科技》2009,30(5):82-85

LD50是毒饵浓度配制的关键数据。为了在黑唇鼠兔防治工作中准确掌握α-氯代醇和溴敌隆毒饵浓度,测定了α-氯代醇和溴敌隆毒对黑唇鼠兔的LD50并观察了α-氯代醇对睾丸的影响。通过用改良寇氏法计算急性口服致死中量结果,石蜡切片HE染色。α-氯代醇和溴敌隆对黑唇鼠兔的急性口服致死中量（LD50）分别为103．1644mg·kg^-1和88．7799mg·kg^-1;病理组织学观察可见睾丸组织出现明显的病理学改变。结果表明,按GB15670—1995灭鼠药毒力分级标准,这两种灭鼠剂对黑唇鼠兔为中等毒性。  相似文献   

外源钙缓解花生低温光合障碍的调控机制   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘欣悦  刘轶飞  易伯涛  孙志宇  张思威  马明珠  韩晓日 《植物营养与肥料学报》2022,28(2):291-301

[目的]北方春季低温冷害是限制花生生产的主要环境因素之一,钙素营养可提升花生耐冷性和光合碳同化作用,本研究进一步探究外源钙缓解花生低温光合障碍的调控机制.[方法]以花生品种'小白沙'为试验材料,在人工气候室内进行了盆栽培养试验.设常温喷清水对照(夜温/昼温为20℃/28℃,幼苗叶面喷清水);在低温胁迫(夜温/昼温为9℃...  相似文献   

大型汽轮发电机负序电流的分析与计算     

孙同利  孙志宇  石建飞  汪东欣  朱学东 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2014,26(6)

通过对大容量汽轮机的不对称故障下的负序电流的分析与计算,对传统的分析计算方法加以必要的改进,同时通过实际算例验证了该计算方法的实用性,对大型半速汽轮发电机的保护方案设计和维护提供了相应的理论依据。  相似文献   

农业机械检测现状与检测装备研发     

马立新  张兆同  郑琼婷  陈瑶  高芹  孙志宇 《现代农业科技》2020,(23)

农业机械化是我国农业现代化的重要组成部分,农机试验鉴定为我国农机化发展提供了重要保障。经过几十年的发展,我国农机试验鉴定体系、法律法规不断完善,鉴定单位的鉴定能力、可鉴定产品的数量不断提升。但从农机化高质量发展的角度,我国农机试验鉴定还存在检测手段和方法传统、检测劳动强度大、人为检测误差大、采集数据时间长、历史试验数据难以追溯、检测技术相对落后等实际问题,解决这些问题需要进行农机检测装备研发。研究认为农机检测装备研发应基于检测指标的需要,坚持模块化、智能化、便捷化、通用性原则,根据农机检测过程中数据采集、计算与统计分析、结果保存等环节,运用无人机拍摄图像采集、图像识别、数据传输与软件系统设计等技术,选择合理研发策略,才能提升检测装备研发速度,满足检测发展需要。  相似文献   

山东聊城地区规模化养猪场中重要病毒性传染病的流行情况调查与分析     

朱丽秀  赵建伟  刘文强  田思雨  孙志宇  张新宇 《畜牧与饲料科学》2020,41(3):92-95

为了解在非洲猪瘟背景下山东聊城附近规模化养猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、猪流行性腹泻（PED）、猪瘟（CSF）、猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV-2）感染和猪伪狂犬病（PR）等重要疫病感染情况及其免疫抗体保护状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验对聊城附近的6个规模化养猪场的血液样品进行检测和分析。结果发现,PCV-2、PRRSV、CSFV、PRV-gB、PRV-gE的总体抗体阳性率分别为69.64%、87.76%、74.17%、87.10%、77.04%。由该试验结果可以得出,PCV-2、PRRSV、CSFV、PRV-gB的抗体阳性率与往年相比有上升的趋势,说明猪场已经开始重视疫苗防疫。但PRV-gE阳性率达到70%以上,PRV野毒感染仍存在较大隐患,需要引起重视。  相似文献