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A. M. Tinsley J. C. Scheerens J. O. Alegbejo F. H. Adan K. C. Krumhar L. E. Butler M. J. Kopplin 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(2):87-101
Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius), a native North American legume adapted to arid/semiarid lands was partially evaluated as a potential food source for people of African and Middle Eastern regions. To indicate the acceptability of these pulses, traditional Nigerian and Saudi Arabian foodstuffs were formulated with teparies substituted for beans commonly used in these regions. Organoleptic evaluation of these food products by students native to the area of recipe origin indicated the dishes to be moderately to highly acceptable. Chemical analyses of this species revealed tepary beans to be very similar in proximate composition, amino acid profile and content of various minerals to other grain legumes (cowpeas, chickpeas and fava beans) of the African/Middle Eastern region. Protein contents of tepary samples averaged 23.0%, whereas protein quality was found limiting in sulfur amino acids. Laboratory examination of raw tepary samples for antinutritional factors uncovered levels of flatulent oligo saccharides, trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid commonly associated with grain legumes. However, lectin assays revealed greater agglutination associated with tepary composites than in fava, chickpea and cowpea samples. All bean samples were simmered resulting in fully cooked materials which exhibited low levels of nutritional antagonists. Cooked beans were considered safe and nutritionally acceptable.Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station Paper No. 3814. 相似文献
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Andrew?T.?NottinghamEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile Lettice?C.?Hicks Adan?J.?Q.?Ccahuana Norma?Salinas Erland?B??th Patrick?Meir 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(2):219-228
Nutrients constrain the soil carbon cycle in tropical forests, but we lack knowledge on how these constraints vary within the soil microbial community. Here, we used in situ fertilization in a montane tropical forest and in two lowland tropical forests on contrasting soil types to test the principal hypothesis that there are different nutrient constraints to different groups of microorganisms during the decomposition of cellulose. We also tested the hypotheses that decomposers shift from nitrogen to phosphorus constraints from montane to lowland forests, respectively, and are further constrained by potassium and sodium deficiency in the western Amazon. Cellulose and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and combined) were added to soils in situ, and microbial growth on cellulose (phospholipid fatty acids and ergosterol) and respiration were measured. Microbial growth on cellulose after single nutrient additions was highest following nitrogen addition for fungi, suggesting nitrogen as the primary limiting nutrient for cellulose decomposition. This was observed at all sites, with no clear shift in nutrient constraints to decomposition between lowland and montane sites. We also observed positive respiration and fungal growth responses to sodium and potassium addition at one of the lowland sites. However, when phosphorus was added, and especially when added in combination with other nutrients, bacterial growth was highest, suggesting that bacteria out-compete fungi for nitrogen where phosphorus is abundant. In summary, nitrogen constrains fungal growth and cellulose decomposition in both lowland and montane tropical forest soils, but additional nutrients may also be of critical importance in determining the balance between fungal and bacterial decomposition of cellulose. 相似文献
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日光温室番茄单叶净光合速率模型的温度修正 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
番茄单叶净光合速率模型是温室番茄环境调控中的核心模型之一,而温度修正模型对于正确解析番茄单叶净光合速率模型非常重要。试验根据前人确定的植物单叶净光合速率模型中最大光合速率的温度修正模型,通过对不同的CO2浓度、光强和温度条件下日光温室番茄净光合速率的测定,明确了日光温室番茄最大光合速率的温度修正模型中修正因子C的取值公式,并经拟合检验,结果表明在不同CO2浓度、不同光强条件下日光温室番茄最大光合速率下温度修正模型的模拟值与实测值拟合良好,说明可将这一温度修正模型作为日光温室番茄光合模型的温度影响子模型应用,从而使植物单叶净光合速率模型更好地适用于日光温室番茄生产。 相似文献
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以番茄器官生长发育的生理生态过程为基础,建立了北方日光温室长季节番茄茎节生长模拟模型,它是建立番茄叶片和果实生长模拟模型的基础。供试番茄品种为“卡鲁索”和“卡特琳娜”。确定了模型中的参数如节点最大出现速率等,并对模型进行了验证试验。结果表明：番茄茎节数模拟值与实测值的变化趋势一致,平均相对误差为0.7%～9%。用散点图法验证模拟值与实测值的相关系数达0.9964,截距为-8.8,每平方米模拟值比实测值平均偏低8.8个茎节。表明模型模拟结果较好。 相似文献
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E Dovolou IE Messinis E Periquesta K Dafopoulos A Gutierrez‐Adan GS Amiridis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):665-672
Ghrelin, apart from its metabolic role, is nowadays considered as a basic regulator of reproductive functions of mammals, acting at central and gonadal levels. Here, we investigated for possible direct actions of ghrelin on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and for its effects on blastocyst yield and quality. In experiment 1, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in the presence of four different concentrations of ghrelin (0, 200, 800 and 2000 pg/ml). In vitro fertilization and embryo culture were carried out in the absence of ghrelin, and blastocyst formation rates were examined on days 7, 8 and 9. In experiment 2, only the 800 pg/ml dose of ghrelin was used. Four groups of COCs were matured for 18 or 24 h (C18, Ghr18, C24 and Ghr24), and subsequently, they were examined for oocyte nuclear maturation and cumulus layer expansion; blastocysts were produced as in experiment 1. The relative mRNA abundance of various genes related to metabolism, oxidation, developmental competence and apoptosis was examined in snap‐frozen cumulus cells, oocytes and day‐7 blastocysts. In experiment 1, ghrelin significantly suppressed blastocyst formation rates. In experiment 2, more ghrelin‐treated oocytes matured for 18 h reached MII compared with controls, while no difference was observed when maturation lasted for 24 h. At 18 and 24 h, the cumulus layer was more expanded in ghrelin‐treated COCs than in the controls. The blastocyst formation rate was higher in Ghr18 (27.7 ± 2.4%) compared with Ghr24 (17.5 ± 2.4%). Differences were detected in various genes’ expression, indicating that in the presence of ghrelin, incubation of COCs for 24 h caused over‐maturation (induced ageing) of oocytes, but formed blastocysts had a higher hatching rate compared with the controls. We infer that ghrelin exerts a specific and direct role on the oocyte, accelerating its maturational process. 相似文献
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Horacio V. Zubillaga Jose L. Sericano Adan E. Pucci 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,32(1-2):43-53
Thirteen 1-L replicate water samples from streams emptying into Blanca Bay, Argentina, were taken to study the environmental quality of the surface waters. Out of tests for eleven chlorinated pesticides, five were detected in all the sampling places as both dissolved and adsorbed species: alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH (lindane), heptachlor, delta-HCH, and aldrin. The concentrations were in the following ranges: alpha-HCH = 3 to 68 ng L?1 and 9 to 239 ng g?1, lindane = 2 to 42 ng L?1 and 10 to 542 ng g?1, heptachlor = 5 to 32 ng L?1 and 9 to 390 ng g?1, delta-HCH = 1 to 10 ng L?1 and n.d. to 87 ng g?1, and aldrin = 1 to 7 ng L?1 and n.d. to 33 ng g?1 for filtered water and suspended matter samples, respectively. Heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, o-p′ DDD, and p-p′ DDT were found to be present in solution at only one sampling site whereas p-p′ DDD and o-p′DDT were not detected. The analyses revealed a non-uniform distribution of these compounds over the studied area. The higher concentrations of organochlorines were detected downstream urban areas. 相似文献
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Lucas L. A. Asaava Willie A. Githui Moses Mwangi Edwin Mwangi Ernest Juma Ruth Moraa Adan Halakhe Michael M. Gicheru 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):713-731
Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria are of public health significance, and zoonotic infection is attributed to the sociocultural practice of consumption of raw milk and the close human–livestock contact in pastoral communities. This study aimed at isolation, identification of mycobacteria from human sputum and camel milk and risk factors assessment in Samburu East, Kenya. Six hundred and twelve camels and 48 people presumed to have tuberculosis (TB) from 86 households in Wamba and Waso regions were screened. Camels were categorized into Somali, Turkana and Rendile breeds. Single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) was used as a herd‐screening test on lactating camels and a milk sample collected from reactive camels. Sputum samples were collected from eligible members of participating households. A standard questionnaire on possible risk factors for both humans and camels was administered to respective household heads or their representatives. Total camel skin test reactors were 238/612 (38.9%). Milk and sputum samples were analysed at KEMRI/TB research laboratory for microscopy, GeneXpert®, culture and identification. Isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at Inqaba biotec in South Africa. Sixty‐four isolates were acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) positive of which M. fortuitum (3), M. szulgai (20), M. monacense (5), M. lehmanni (4), M. litorale (4), M. elephantis (3), M. duvalii (3), M. brasiliensis (1), M. arcueilense (1) and M. lentiflavum (1) were from milk; M. fortuitum (1), M. szulgai (2) and M. litorale (1) were from humans. Risk factors included the following: Turkana breed (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2–9.3), replacements from outside the County (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.3–12.3), presence of other domestic species (small stock; OR = 4.6) and replacement from within the herd (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 0.7–14.7). Zoonotic risk practices included raw milk consumption, shared housing and handling camels. Monitoring of zoonotic NTM through surveillance and notification systems is required. 相似文献
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Blanca R. Lopez Yoav Bashan Adan Trejo Luz E. de-Bashan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(8):1053-1063
The main goal of this study was to expand our knowledge of what happens to the soil bacterial community in an eroded desert soil when improvement of soil fertility is derived from the application of debris of tertiary wastewater treatment containing immobilized microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and the plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) Azospirillum brasilense. We hypothesized that an “improved” non-agricultural desert soil will exhibit substantial changes in the structure of the bacterial community in a relatively short time after amendment. To assess the effect of the amendments, microalgae and PGPB alone or combined, on the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community, changes in species richness and bacterial diversity over time were based on sequence differences in the 16S rRNA gene, performed with PCR–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and then analyzed by similarity test and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. Root surface colonization and persistence in the rhizosphere of A. brasilense was monitored by fluorescent in situ hybridization and sequencing of DGGE bands. Application of waste debris significantly changed the rhizosphere bacterial population structure, whether comparisons were made over time, between inoculated and non-inoculated soil, and among different inoculated microorganisms. Species richness and diversity increased when the waste debris contained the microalgae–bacteria association and also over time. Even as its secondary role as an inoculant after wastewater treatment, A. brasilense colonized the root surface profusely and persisted within the rhizosphere bacterial community. This study demonstrated that small organic amendment to desert soil significantly changed soil bacterial community compared to the original soil and also 2 months after amendments were added. 相似文献
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García-Galván A Belmar-Casso R Sarmiento-Franco L Sandoval-Castro CA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):843-847
Whole pod and seeds of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) were included in diets for growing sheep used to validate previously estimated ME values of 9.7 MJ and 12.6 MJ for whole
pod and seed respectively. Twenty-four lambs, 15 females and nine males of 18.7 ± 2.4 kg average weight, were allocated in
three treatments using a completely randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment. Each group was given a diet
with a ratio of 60% of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and 40% of a supplement with the addition of 0%, 50% whole pod or 66% of M. pruriens seeds, for TI, TII and TIII respectively. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements for 100-g daily live weight gain
(LWG). The total dry matter intake (836 g a−1 d−1, forage + supplement), LWG (90 g a−1 d−1) and feed conversion (9.66 kg DM/kg LWG) of lambs from TIII were lower (P < 0.05) compared to 941 g, 121 g, and 7.78 kg DM/kg LWG from TII and 976 g, 132 g and 7.50 kg DM/kg LWG from TI respectively.
No difference was found (P > 0.05) between TI and TII in the three evaluated variables. The ME values of whole pod and seeds of M. pruriens used in this work were validated. It was concluded that M. pruriens can be included as a component in diets for growing sheep, as a partial replacement of conventional feedstuffs. 相似文献