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Sarkũnas M Malakauskas A Nansen P Hansen JW Paulikas V 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1999,40(2):163-171
The effect of strategic treatments with ivermectin in first-season calves exposed to trichostrongyle nematodes on naturally contaminated pasture was studied. Twenty first season heifer calves were divided into 2 groups, according to live weight, and on 22nd May each group was turned out onto a 1 hectare pasture. Group A (Plot A) was treated with ivermectin at weeks 3, 8 and 13 after turn out, while group B (Plot B) served as an untreated control group. The study showed that control calves exhibited increase in trichostrongyle egg counts in August, while treated calves were excreting low numbers of trichostrongyle eggs. Pasture larval counts on Plot B (control animals) were low during the first part of the grazing season, followed by a steep rise towards the end of July. In contrast, the numbers of infective larvae recovered from Plot A remained low throughout the season. Both groups showed comparable weight gains from May up to the middle of July. However, from then on, Group B (controls) had lower weight gains than ivermectin treated Group A. From the end of July onwards, most untreated calves (Group B) showed clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis. It can be concluded that the strategical ivermectin treatments were successful, and faecal egg counts, pepsinogen levels and herbage larval counts clearly demonstrated that this was accomplished through suppression of pasture contamination with nematode eggs and subsequent reduction of pasture infectivity. 相似文献
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To evaluate infectivity for carnivores as well as other biological characteristics of the newly described Trichinella papuae, eight red foxes were experimentally infected with the parasite. Five weeks after inoculation, T. papuae larvae were recovered from nine different muscle types. The larvae recovered from muscle tissue were shown to be infective to mice, to have a very low tolerance to freezing, and to survive longer than the other Trichinella genotypes in decaying tissue up to 5 weeks after infection. 相似文献
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Sigita Ramonait? Anita Rokaityt? Egl? Tamulevi?ien? Alvydas Malakauskas Thomas Alter Mindaugas Malakauskas 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):87
Background
Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease, and animals such as poultry, pigs and cattle may act as reservoirs for Campylobacter spp. Cattle shed Campylobacter spp. into the environment and they can act as a reservoir for human infection directly via contact with cattle or their faeces or indirectly by consumption of contaminated food. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, the quantitative load and the genetic strain diversity of Campylobacter spp. in dairy cattle of different age groups.Results
Faecal samples of 200 dairy cattle from three farms in the central part of Lithuania were collected and examined for Campylobacter. Cattle herds of all three farms were Campylobacter spp. positive, with a prevalence ranging from 75% (farm I), 77.5% (farm II) to 83.3% (farm III). Overall, the highest prevalence was detected in calves (86.5%) and heifers (86.2%). In contrast, the lowest Campylobacter prevalence was detectable in dairy cows (60.6%). C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and C. fetus subsp. fetus were identified in faecal samples of dairy cattle. C. upsaliensis was not detectable in any sample. The high counts of Campylobacter spp. were observed in faecal material of dairy cattle (average 4.5 log10 cfu/g). The highest numbers of Campylobacter spp. were found in faecal samples from calves (average 5.3 log10 cfu/g), whereas, faecal samples from cows harboured the lowest number of Campylobacter spp. (average 3.7 log10 cfu/g). Genotyping by flaA PCR-RFLP analysis of selected C. jejuni isolates showed that some genotypes were present in all farms and all age groups. However, farm or age specific genotypes were also identified.Conclusions
Future studies are needed to investigate risk factors related to the degree of colonisation in cattle. Based on that, possible measures to reduce the colonisation and subsequent shedding of Campylobacter in cattle could be established. It is important to further investigate the epidemiology of Campylobacter in the cattle population in order to assess associated risks to public health. 相似文献4.
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Pereckiene A Kaziūnaite V Vysniauskas A Petkevicius S Malakauskas A Sarkūnas M Taylor MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,149(1-2):111-116
The comparative efficacies of seven published McMaster method modifications for faecal egg counting were evaluated on pig faecal samples containing Ascaris suum eggs. Comparisons were made as to the number of samples found to be positive by each of the methods, the total egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces, the variations in EPG obtained in the samples examined, and the ease of use of each of the methods. Each method was evaluated after the examination of 30 samples of faeces. The positive samples were identified by counting A. suum eggs in one, two and three sections of newly designed McMaster chamber. In the present study compared methods were reported by: I-Henriksen and Aagaard [Henriksen, S.A., Aagaard, K.A., 1976. A simple flotation and McMaster method. Nord. Vet. Med. 28, 392-397]; II-Kassai [Kassai, T., 1999. Veterinary Helminthology. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 260 pp.]; III and IV-Urquhart et al. [Urquhart, G.M., Armour, J., Duncan, J.L., Dunn, A.M., Jennings, F.W., 1996. Veterinary Parasitology, 2nd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK, 307 pp.] (centrifugation and non-centrifugation methods); V and VI-Gr?nvold [Gr?nvold, J., 1991. Laboratory diagnoses of helminths common routine methods used in Denmark. In: Nansen, P., Gr?nvold, J., Bj?rn, H. (Eds.), Seminars on Parasitic Problems in Farm Animals Related to Fodder Production and Management. The Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tartu, Estonia, pp. 47-48] (salt solution, and salt and glucose solution); VII-Thienpont et al. [Thienpont, D., Rochette, F., Vanparijs, O.F.J., 1986. Diagnosing Helminthiasis by Coprological Examination. Coprological Examination, 2nd ed. Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium, 205 pp.]. The number of positive samples by examining single section ranged from 98.9% (method I), to 51.1% (method VII). Only with methods I and II, there was a 100% positivity in two out of three of the chambers examined, and FEC obtained using these methods were significantly (p<0.01) higher comparing to remaining methods. Mean FEC varied between 243 EPG (method I) and 82 EPG (method IV). Examination of all three chambers resulted in four methods (I, II, V and VI) having 100% sensitivity, while method VII had the lowest 83.3% sensitivity. Mean FEC in this case varied between 239 EPG (method I) and 81 EPG (method IV). Based on the mean FEC for two chambers, an efficiency coefficient (EF) was calculated and equated to 1 for the highest egg count (method I) and 0.87, 0.57, 0.34, 0.53, 0.49 and 0.50 for remaining methods (II-VII), respectively. Efficiency coefficients make it possible not only to recalculate and unify results of faeces examination obtained by any method but also to interpret coproscopical examinations by other authors. Method VII was the easiest and quickest but least sensitive, and method I the most complex but most sensitive. Examining two or three sections of the McMaster chamber resulted in increased sensitivity for all methods. 相似文献
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